{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2583801722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000115","title":"An examination of showups conducted by law enforcement using a field-simulation paradigm.","display_name":"An examination of showups conducted by law enforcement using a field-simulation paradigm.","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2583801722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000115","mag":"2583801722"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/law0000115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S996012213","display_name":"Psychology Public Policy and Law","issn_l":"1076-8971","issn":["1076-8971","1939-1528"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychology, Public Policy, and Law","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036983680","display_name":"Mitchell L. Eisen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0395-6705","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0395-6705"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27825529","display_name":"California State University Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/0294hxs80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27825529"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mitchell L. Eisen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, California State University Los Angeles, CA, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, California State University Los Angeles, CA, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27825529"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026733155","display_name":"Andrew M. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4184-9364","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4184-9364"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew M. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, IA, US"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4184-9364","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, IA, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018887562","display_name":"Alma P. Olaguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4966-592X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4966-592X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27825529","display_name":"California State University Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/0294hxs80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27825529"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alma P. Olaguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, California State University Los Angeles, CA, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, California State University Los Angeles, CA, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27825529"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058686471","display_name":"Amaia S. Skerritt-Perta","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27825529","display_name":"California State University Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/0294hxs80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27825529"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amaia S. Skerritt-Perta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, California State University Los Angeles, CA, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, California State University Los Angeles, CA, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27825529"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.5317,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97984247,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12268","display_name":"Deception detection and forensic psychology","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12268","display_name":"Deception detection and forensic psychology","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10918","display_name":"Memory Processes and Influences","score":0.019999999552965164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14493","display_name":"Criminal Law and Evidence","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/showups","display_name":"showups","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-simulation","display_name":"field simulation","score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eyewitness-identification","display_name":"eyewitness identification","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overconfidence","display_name":"overconfidence","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suggestiveness","display_name":"suggestiveness","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-enforcement","display_name":"law enforcement","score":0.5389999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.6766795516014099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5360648036003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5350602269172668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3623390197753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35025233030319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11690914630889893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037/law0000115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/law0000115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S996012213","display_name":"Psychology Public Policy and Law","issn_l":"1076-8971","issn":["1076-8971","1939-1528"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychology, Public Policy, and Law","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9200000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1469805572","https://openalex.org/W1565349820","https://openalex.org/W1623469565","https://openalex.org/W1844718490","https://openalex.org/W1963666813","https://openalex.org/W1964247167","https://openalex.org/W1978782522","https://openalex.org/W1980033760","https://openalex.org/W1986035178","https://openalex.org/W1997723485","https://openalex.org/W2010335675","https://openalex.org/W2015508812","https://openalex.org/W2023990597","https://openalex.org/W2026579244","https://openalex.org/W2027739846","https://openalex.org/W2038398371","https://openalex.org/W2052812432","https://openalex.org/W2063686445","https://openalex.org/W2065949276","https://openalex.org/W2084613178","https://openalex.org/W2091711825","https://openalex.org/W2099452761","https://openalex.org/W2118130058","https://openalex.org/W2129228329","https://openalex.org/W2149366608","https://openalex.org/W2160298738","https://openalex.org/W2163913803","https://openalex.org/W2276504555","https://openalex.org/W2315136295","https://openalex.org/W2321980786","https://openalex.org/W2369923670","https://openalex.org/W2487565744","https://openalex.org/W2524837122","https://openalex.org/W2598278611"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4281388816","https://openalex.org/W4313887274","https://openalex.org/W7163746352","https://openalex.org/W7222018669","https://openalex.org/W6887694281","https://openalex.org/W2287555095","https://openalex.org/W7160738883","https://openalex.org/W2750240528","https://openalex.org/W111972533","https://openalex.org/W2345156490"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"there":[1],"is":[2],"a":[3,104,117,147,163],"growing":[4],"body":[5],"of":[6,15,28,37,77,174,181,237],"research":[7],"examining":[8],"the":[9,24,35,38,91,120,153,172,179,190,193,216,221,229,251],"relatively":[10],"cold,":[11],"cognitive":[12],"decision-making":[13],"components":[14,27],"showups,":[16],"few":[17],"attempts":[18],"have":[19,197],"been":[20],"made":[21,226,248],"to":[22,33,49,56,162,200,242],"capture":[23],"hot":[25],"affective":[26],"showups":[29],"that":[30,101,152,184,208],"are":[31],"thought":[32],"exacerbate":[34],"suggestiveness":[36],"procedure.":[39],"In":[40,107],"3":[41,167],"simulated-field":[42],"experiments,":[43],"we":[44],"partnered":[45],"with":[46,103],"law":[47,94],"enforcement":[48,95],"examine":[50],"how":[51],"participants":[52,70],"who":[53,71,225,247],"were":[54,59,74,231,239],"led":[55],"believe":[57,189],"they":[58,73,186,195],"involved":[60],"in":[61,90,215,220,228,250],"an":[62,78,202],"actual":[63,79],"criminal":[64],"investigation":[65,80],"(Field-simulation":[66],"condition)":[67],"differed":[68],"from":[69,212],"knew":[72],"not":[75,115,188,219],"part":[76],"(Lab-simulation":[81],"condition).":[82],"We":[83],"staged":[84],"crimes":[85],"for":[86,137],"both":[87],"conditions,":[88],"but":[89,135,218],"field-simulation":[92,121,154],"condition,":[93,119],"personnel":[96],"carried":[97],"out":[98],"mock":[99],"investigations":[100],"culminated":[102],"live":[105],"showup.":[106],"Experiment":[108,141,166,175],"1":[109],"(N":[110,143,168],"=":[111,144,169],"321),":[112],"which":[113],"did":[114,187],"include":[116],"culprit-present":[118,148],"condition":[122,149,155],"increased":[123,156],"innocent":[124,132,139,157],"suspect":[125,133,158,191],"identifications.":[126],"The":[127],"standard":[128],"showup":[129],"admonition":[130],"decreased":[131],"identifications,":[134],"only":[136],"dissimilar":[138],"suspects.":[140],"2":[142,176],"196)":[145],"added":[146],"and":[150,159,177,233],"found":[151],"culprit":[160],"identifications":[161,214,227,249],"similar":[164],"extent.":[165],"367)":[170],"replicated":[171],"findings":[173],"examined":[178],"impact":[180],"admonishing":[182],"eyewitnesses":[183,224,246],"if":[185],"was":[192],"culprit,":[194],"might":[196],"additional":[198],"opportunities":[199],"make":[201],"identification.":[203],"Confidence-accuracy":[204],"calibration":[205],"analyses":[206],"revealed":[207],"confidence":[209,238],"discriminated":[210],"accurate":[211],"inaccurate":[213],"field,":[217],"lab;":[222],"however,":[223],"field":[230],"overconfident":[232],"across":[234],"all":[235],"levels":[236],"less":[240],"likely":[241],"be":[243],"correct":[244],"than":[245],"lab.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2017-02-10T00:00:00"}