{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2582951012","doi":null,"title":"Developing a biological understanding of goal -directed action.","display_name":"Developing a biological understanding of goal -directed action.","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2582951012","mag":"2582951012"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/132857","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstreams/ba6995b0-f641-4830-aa49-9afc1a3d61de/download","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040129015","display_name":"John E. Opfer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8406-3196","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8406-3196"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John E. Opfer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8406-3196","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040129015"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12694","display_name":"Categorization, perception, and language","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/goal-directed-movement","display_name":"goal-directed movement","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-reasoning","display_name":"biological reasoning","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentience","display_name":"sentience","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-attribution","display_name":"psychological attribution","score":0.33899998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-motion","display_name":"self-motion","score":0.3840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children-s-reasoning","display_name":"children's reasoning","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-development","display_name":"cognitive development","score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novel-entities","display_name":"novel entities","score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthropomorphism","display_name":"anthropomorphism","score":0.4350000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6328970193862915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39812374114990234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3912980556488037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3320696949958801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.05756917595863342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/132857","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstreams/ba6995b0-f641-4830-aa49-9afc1a3d61de/download","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2582951012","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/132857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098198872","https://openalex.org/W1955371060","https://openalex.org/W2121232201","https://openalex.org/W7100582953","https://openalex.org/W2086763352","https://openalex.org/W2052801332","https://openalex.org/W7097227251","https://openalex.org/W7099913510","https://openalex.org/W2133738826","https://openalex.org/W1985454443"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"reason":[1],"competently":[2],"about":[3],"novel":[4,61],"entities,":[5],"people":[6,18],"must":[7],"discover":[8],"whether":[9,35,144,317,330],"the":[10,36,44,102,118,172,239,246,275,306,331],"entity":[11],"is":[12,22,320,333],"alive":[13,279],"and/or":[14],"sentient.":[15,334],"Exactly":[16],"how":[17],"make":[19],"this":[20],"discovery":[21],"unknown,":[23],"although":[24],"past":[25],"researchers":[26],"have":[27],"proposed":[28],"that":[29,120,199,236,265,274,299],"young":[30,301],"children---unlike":[31],"adults---rely":[32],"chiefly":[33],"on":[34,50],"object":[37],"can":[38],"move":[39],"itself.":[40],"Three":[41],"studies":[42,297],"examined":[43],"effect":[45],"of":[46,55,71,82,154,205,212,234,294],"self-versus":[47],"goal-directed":[48,180,200,220,276,309],"movement":[49,181,201,310],"children's":[51],"and":[52,57,76,137,148,185,190,243,251,260,280,283,288,303],"adults'":[53],"attributions":[54,192,204,211,290],"biological":[56,97,112,147,157,167,189,206,259,287],"psychological":[58,99,115,149,169,191,213,261,289],"capacities":[59,170,262],"to":[60,94,101,110,117,132,142,165,171,257,263,272,311],"entities.":[62],"In":[63,124],"Study":[64,125,225],"1,":[65],"16":[66,78],"adults":[67,138,216,228,254,304],"were":[68,79,92,108,130,255,270,278],"shown":[69,80],"videos":[70,81,129,233],"unfamiliar":[72,319],"blobs":[73,84,103,119,221,247],"moving":[74,85,104],"independently,":[75,105],"another":[77],"identical":[83],"identically":[86],"but":[87,106,113],"toward":[88,122],"a":[89,313],"goal.":[90],"Adults":[91,194],"unlikely":[93],"attribute":[95,111,166,258],"any":[96],"or":[98,168],"properties":[100,116,207],"they":[107,269],"likely":[109,164,271],"not":[114],"moved":[121,237,266],"goals.":[123],"2,":[126],"these":[127,219,295],"same":[128,240],"presented":[131,227],"4-,":[133],"5-,":[134],"7-,":[135],"10-year-olds,":[136],"(Ns":[139],"=":[140,230],"32)":[141],"test":[143],"goal-directedness":[145,284],"affects":[146],"inferences":[150],"across":[151],"documented":[152],"periods":[153],"change":[155],"in":[156,198,248,316,328],"reasoning.":[158],"Again,":[159,253],"no":[160],"age":[161],"group":[162],"was":[163],"self-moving":[173],"blobs.":[174],"However,":[175],"for":[176,308],"5-year-olds":[177],"through":[178],"adults,":[179],"reliably":[182],"elicited":[183,187],"life-judgments,":[184],"it":[186],"more":[188,208],"overall.":[193],"differed":[195],"from":[196],"children":[197,302],"affected":[202,285],"their":[203,210,286],"than":[209],"properties.":[214],"Because":[215],"often":[217],"identified":[218],"as":[222,245],"(insentient)":[223],"microorganisms,":[224],"3":[226],"(N":[229],"48)":[231],"with":[232,238],"triangles":[235,264,277],"rotation,":[241],"speed,":[242],"trajectory":[244],"Studies":[249],"1":[250],"2.":[252],"unwilling":[256],"independently;":[267],"however,":[268],"say":[273],"could":[281],"want,":[282],"equally.":[291],"The":[292],"results":[293],"three":[296],"suggest":[298],"both":[300],"consider":[305],"capacity":[307],"be":[312,326],"decisive":[314],"factor":[315],"something":[318],"alive,":[321],"though":[322],"other":[323],"factors":[324],"may":[325],"important":[327],"deciding":[329],"thing":[332]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-15T10:00:46.086208","created_date":"2017-02-03T00:00:00"}
