{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2582861808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407016685496","title":"A study of computational methods for wake structure and base pressure prediction of a generic SUV model with fixed and rotating wheels","display_name":"A study of computational methods for wake structure and base pressure prediction of a generic SUV model with fixed and rotating wheels","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-02-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2582861808","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407016685496","mag":"2582861808"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0954407016685496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407016685496","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407016685496","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S16239639","display_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering","issn_l":"0954-4070","issn":["0954-4070","2041-2991"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/23457","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"David Forbes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Forbes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Loughborough University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Loughborough University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037400680","display_name":"Gary J. Page","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6222-892X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6222-892X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gary Page","raw_affiliation_strings":["Loughborough University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Loughborough University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031884325","display_name":"Martin Passmore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8657-2154","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8657-2154"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Passmore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Loughborough University, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Loughborough University, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048567362","display_name":"Adrian Philip Gaylard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8930-3654","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8930-3654"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130198913","display_name":"Jaguar Land Rover (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/03b66v461","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130198913"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Gaylard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jaguar Land Rover, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jaguar Land Rover, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130198913"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"],"apc_list":{"value":4150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2601,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78445477,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"231","issue":"9","first_page":"1222","last_page":"1238"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12081","display_name":"Aerodynamics and Fluid Dynamics Research","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12081","display_name":"Aerodynamics and Fluid Dynamics Research","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10173","display_name":"Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aerodynamics","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11254","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Vibration Analysis","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sport-utility-vehicles","display_name":"sport utility vehicles","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-pressure","display_name":"base pressure","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotating-wheel","display_name":"rotating wheel","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsteady-rans","display_name":"unsteady RANS","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detached-eddy-simulation","display_name":"detached eddy simulation","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice-boltzmann-method","display_name":"lattice Boltzmann method","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wake-unsteadiness","display_name":"wake unsteadiness","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drag-reduction","display_name":"drag reduction","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cfd-code-comparison","display_name":"CFD code comparison","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-aerodynamics","display_name":"vehicle aerodynamics","score":0.5680000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48939323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294879","display_name":"Wake","level":2,"score":0.8922716975212097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32526432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536235","display_name":"Reynolds-averaged Navier\u2013Stokes equations","level":3,"score":0.7371706962585449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72921944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621","display_name":"Drag","level":2,"score":0.6381790637969971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139002025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001212","display_name":"Lift (data mining)","level":2,"score":0.6224514842033386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1633027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815820","display_name":"Computational fluid dynamics","level":2,"score":0.6095947623252869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.5706734657287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28317120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q975211","display_name":"Trailing edge","level":2,"score":0.5234565138816833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.49886083602905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107157880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845727","display_name":"Lift-to-drag ratio","level":3,"score":0.49136653542518616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112124176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4698744","display_name":"Airfoil","level":2,"score":0.45757436752319336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4366304874420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72117827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778961","display_name":"Drag coefficient","level":3,"score":0.41087469458580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3633999824523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3068064749240875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25202882289886475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.1457137167453766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0954407016685496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407016685496","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407016685496","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S16239639","display_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering","issn_l":"0954-4070","issn":["0954-4070","2041-2991"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lboro.ac.uk:2134/23457","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/23457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401023","display_name":"Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","host_organization_name":"Loughborough University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/9223526","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/A_study_of_computational_methods_for_wake_structure_and_base_pressure_prediction_of_a_generic_SUV_model_with_fixed_and_rotating_wheels/9223526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lboro.ac.uk:2134/23457","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/23457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401023","display_name":"Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","host_organization_name":"Loughborough University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7117000473","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/K014102/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7604003895","display_name":"Theme 2: Multi-Physics and Multi-Functional Simulation Methods.","funder_award_id":"EP/K014102/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316529","display_name":"Jaguar Land Rover","ror":"https://ror.org/03b66v461"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320341","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W165143240","https://openalex.org/W309739064","https://openalex.org/W1485915984","https://openalex.org/W1503072416","https://openalex.org/W1510796204","https://openalex.org/W1542456576","https://openalex.org/W1552518028","https://openalex.org/W1944028015","https://openalex.org/W1973598309","https://openalex.org/W1982624825","https://openalex.org/W2070889428","https://openalex.org/W2073572217","https://openalex.org/W2077537573","https://openalex.org/W2087583793","https://openalex.org/W2089246439","https://openalex.org/W2111487554","https://openalex.org/W2299655104"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W39194381","https://openalex.org/W1982624825","https://openalex.org/W2028687093","https://openalex.org/W2933066429","https://openalex.org/W3033906838","https://openalex.org/W2032725501","https://openalex.org/W2795894437","https://openalex.org/W4365140122","https://openalex.org/W2796296357","https://openalex.org/W572103267"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,139],"is":[2],"an":[3,22],"evaluation":[4],"of":[5,27,133,146,164],"the":[6,25,40,72,78,111,115,120,134,144,175,180,184,189,196,214],"computational":[7,101],"methods":[8,59,109],"in":[9,39,71,93,100,118,129,201],"reproducing":[10],"experimental":[11,51,116,197],"data":[12],"for":[13,32,62,136],"a":[14,67,97,131,150,155,168],"generic":[15],"sports":[16],"utility":[17],"vehicle":[18,185],"(SUV)":[19],"geometry":[20,64],"and":[21,29,43,50,82,107,123,149,158,167,178,203],"assessment":[23],"on":[24,183],"influence":[26,145],"fixed":[28,156,190],"rotating":[30,147],"wheels":[31,148],"this":[33,63],"geometry.":[34],"Initially,":[35],"comparisons":[36],"are":[37,60],"made":[38],"wake":[41,73,85,94,121],"structure":[42,122],"base":[44,124,176],"pressures":[45,216],"between":[46],"several":[47],"CFD":[48],"codes":[49],"data.":[52],"It":[53],"was":[54,171],"shown":[55,172],"that":[56],"steady-state":[57],"RANS":[58,88],"unsuitable":[61],"due":[65],"to":[66,173,188,195,213],"large":[68],"scale":[69],"unsteadiness":[70],"caused":[74],"by":[75,142],"separation":[76],"at":[77],"sharp":[79],"trailing":[80],"edge":[81],"rear":[83],"wheel":[84,157,165],"interactions.":[86],"unsteady":[87],"(URANS)":[89],"offered":[90],"no":[91],"improvements":[92],"prediction":[95],"despite":[96],"significant":[98,211],"increase":[99,174],"cost.":[102],"The":[103,138,162],"detached-eddy":[104],"simulation":[105],"(DES)":[106],"Lattice\u2013Boltzmann":[108],"showed":[110],"best":[112],"agreement":[113],"with":[114,126],"results":[117],"both":[119],"pressure,":[125],"LBM":[127],"running":[128],"approximately":[130],"fifth":[132],"time":[135],"DES.":[137],"then":[140],"continues":[141],"analysing":[143],"moving":[151,169],"ground":[152,159,170],"plane":[153,160],"over":[154],"arrangement.":[161],"introduction":[163],"rotation":[166],"pressure":[177],"reduce":[179],"drag":[181,202],"acting":[182],"when":[186,193],"compared":[187,194],"case.":[191],"However,":[192],"standoff":[198],"case,":[199],"variations":[200,212],"lift":[204],"coefficients":[205],"were":[206,217],"minimal":[207],"but":[208],"misleading,":[209],"as":[210],"surface":[215],"present.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2017-02-03T00:00:00"}