{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2582434569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-7938","title":"On the Structural Transformation of Rural Africa","display_name":"On the Structural Transformation of Rural Africa","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2582434569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-7938","mag":"2582434569"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1596/1813-9450-7938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-7938","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-7938","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464317","display_name":"World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10986/25947","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088542979","display_name":"Christopher B. Barrett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9139-2721","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9139-2721"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher B. Barrett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management and Department of Economics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management and Department of Economics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003681011","display_name":"Luc Christiaensen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1844-3080","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1844-3080"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55633929","display_name":"World Bank Group","ror":"https://ror.org/02md09461","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luc Christiaensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jobs Group, World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jobs Group, World Bank Group, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014018155","display_name":"Megan Sheahan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8869-5297","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8869-5297","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7134-8317"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Megan Sheahan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Precision Agriculture for Development, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Precision Agriculture for Development, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016898608","display_name":"Abebe Shimeles","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330402449","display_name":"African Development Bank Group","ror":"https://ror.org/05gqz0k77","country_code":"CI","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330402449"]}],"countries":["CI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abebe Shimeles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macroeconomic Policy, Forecasting and Research Department, African Development Bank Group, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macroeconomic Policy, Forecasting and Research Department, African Development Bank Group, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330402449"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":85,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13508","display_name":"Agricultural Economics and Practices","score":0.32760000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13508","display_name":"Agricultural Economics and Practices","score":0.32760000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.29809999465942383,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.09769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-change","display_name":"structural change","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-africa","display_name":"rural Africa","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-productivity","display_name":"agricultural productivity","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-poverty-reduction","display_name":"extreme poverty reduction","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-policy","display_name":"agricultural policy","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sub-saharan-africa","display_name":"sub-Saharan Africa","score":0.7860000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.652845561504364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.41342443227767944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08095139265060425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1596/1813-9450-7938","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-7938","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-7938","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464317","display_name":"World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openknowledge.worldbank.org:10986/25947","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10986/25947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196270","display_name":"The World Bank Open Knowledge Repository (World Bank)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","host_organization_name":"World Bank","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Working Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:openknowledge.worldbank.org:10986/25947","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10986/25947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196270","display_name":"The World Bank Open Knowledge Repository (World Bank)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","host_organization_name":"World Bank","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Working Paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8928999900817871,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"},{"score":0.833299994468689,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"score":0.6875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":154,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W90836803","https://openalex.org/W134616973","https://openalex.org/W167159579","https://openalex.org/W214683081","https://openalex.org/W220107963","https://openalex.org/W268946098","https://openalex.org/W596607116","https://openalex.org/W1460743949","https://openalex.org/W1522530578","https://openalex.org/W1528617682","https://openalex.org/W1549296295","https://openalex.org/W1551642144","https://openalex.org/W1559190353","https://openalex.org/W1561296650","https://openalex.org/W1581520659","https://openalex.org/W1586657793","https://openalex.org/W1592016947","https://openalex.org/W1594035775","https://openalex.org/W1597088551","https://openalex.org/W1607141379","https://openalex.org/W1614932979","https://openalex.org/W1617575476","https://openalex.org/W1745210057","https://openalex.org/W1801107769","https://openalex.org/W1804345426","https://openalex.org/W1881788187","https://openalex.org/W1886620034","https://openalex.org/W1920815185","https://openalex.org/W1949626070","https://openalex.org/W1954684267","https://openalex.org/W1969276035","https://openalex.org/W1972602497","https://openalex.org/W1986943621","https://openalex.org/W1988249336","https://openalex.org/W1990886477","https://openalex.org/W1992381758","https://openalex.org/W1998490951","https://openalex.org/W2006990520","https://openalex.org/W2008842545","https://openalex.org/W2009263548","https://openalex.org/W2010896888","https://openalex.org/W2012132584","https://openalex.org/W2012326071","https://openalex.org/W2018736216","https://openalex.org/W2022422271","https://openalex.org/W2025088505","https://openalex.org/W2038227934","https://openalex.org/W2039981184","https://openalex.org/W2040674908","https://openalex.org/W2041800652","https://openalex.org/W2042875118","https://openalex.org/W2044867961","https://openalex.org/W2046507863","https://openalex.org/W2065547779","https://openalex.org/W2071506818","https://openalex.org/W2071937436","https://openalex.org/W2075623847","https://openalex.org/W2077132400","https://openalex.org/W2079801337","https://openalex.org/W2089873391","https://openalex.org/W2090438200","https://openalex.org/W2097816497","https://openalex.org/W2099219408","https://openalex.org/W2103174525","https://openalex.org/W2105594281","https://openalex.org/W2105717288","https://openalex.org/W2109645807","https://openalex.org/W2109814274","https://openalex.org/W2109989353","https://openalex.org/W2110691466","https://openalex.org/W2116381474","https://openalex.org/W2116816626","https://openalex.org/W2124888824","https://openalex.org/W2130443329","https://openalex.org/W2133370481","https://openalex.org/W2136781399","https://openalex.org/W2137903813","https://openalex.org/W2141098380","https://openalex.org/W2142568952","https://openalex.org/W2142656263","https://openalex.org/W2148452137","https://openalex.org/W2150461118","https://openalex.org/W2151454621","https://openalex.org/W2153529125","https://openalex.org/W2156584917","https://openalex.org/W2160876063","https://openalex.org/W2162974347","https://openalex.org/W2163120086","https://openalex.org/W2168921100","https://openalex.org/W2169773128","https://openalex.org/W2170560206","https://openalex.org/W2171497149","https://openalex.org/W2171921195","https://openalex.org/W2237071722","https://openalex.org/W2245551360","https://openalex.org/W2245695045","https://openalex.org/W2253622127","https://openalex.org/W2259756639","https://openalex.org/W2259946919","https://openalex.org/W2262603336","https://openalex.org/W2282119095","https://openalex.org/W2282452705","https://openalex.org/W2314428708","https://openalex.org/W2319053424","https://openalex.org/W2387478916","https://openalex.org/W2407026683","https://openalex.org/W2412159548","https://openalex.org/W2500253487","https://openalex.org/W2503829326","https://openalex.org/W2533390775","https://openalex.org/W2533658229","https://openalex.org/W2534397573","https://openalex.org/W2534958895","https://openalex.org/W2555901144","https://openalex.org/W2766521722","https://openalex.org/W2790501795","https://openalex.org/W2885365682","https://openalex.org/W2946429351","https://openalex.org/W3023225426","https://openalex.org/W3093794126","https://openalex.org/W3094624758","https://openalex.org/W3112051238","https://openalex.org/W3121418269","https://openalex.org/W3121639212","https://openalex.org/W3121742950","https://openalex.org/W3121776599","https://openalex.org/W3121951449","https://openalex.org/W3122664191","https://openalex.org/W3122715357","https://openalex.org/W3122763283","https://openalex.org/W3122819462","https://openalex.org/W3122833180","https://openalex.org/W3122864087","https://openalex.org/W3123167290","https://openalex.org/W3123917543","https://openalex.org/W3124552193","https://openalex.org/W3124957381","https://openalex.org/W3125228986","https://openalex.org/W3125650622","https://openalex.org/W3126013834","https://openalex.org/W3126128083","https://openalex.org/W3130043254","https://openalex.org/W3138596665","https://openalex.org/W3148043649","https://openalex.org/W3149940111","https://openalex.org/W3151903501","https://openalex.org/W3153132868","https://openalex.org/W3190948128","https://openalex.org/W4206604033","https://openalex.org/W4239302827","https://openalex.org/W4249331162","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4298357841","https://openalex.org/W4302911115"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389145076","https://openalex.org/W1557509386","https://openalex.org/W2921512514","https://openalex.org/W2063783070","https://openalex.org/W3122640441","https://openalex.org/W2625693885","https://openalex.org/W4244480340","https://openalex.org/W2730547818","https://openalex.org/W2597459721","https://openalex.org/W3104956634"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"From":[0],"2000":[1],"to":[2,84],"2014,":[3],"per":[4],"capita":[5],"gross":[6],"domestic":[7],"product":[8],"in":[9,17,21,33,59,62,91],"Sub-Saharan":[10],"Africa":[11],"increased":[12],"by":[13],"almost":[14],"35":[15],"percent":[16],"real":[18],"terms,":[19],"doubling":[20],"some":[22,37],"countries.":[23],"Such":[24],"progress":[25],"happened":[26],"while":[27],"agricultural":[28],"productivity":[29,86],"growth":[30],"remained":[31],"low":[32],"the":[34,75,92,96],"aggregate,":[35],"despite":[36],"bright":[38],"spots,":[39],"and":[40,61,87,95],"poverty":[41,54],"reduction":[42],"was":[43],"steady":[44],"but":[45],"discouragingly":[46],"slow.":[47],"This":[48],"paper":[49,76],"argues":[50],"that":[51],"ending":[52],"extreme":[53],"will":[55],"require":[56],"structural":[57,89],"change":[58,90],"agriculture,":[60],"rural":[63,97],"African":[64],"economies":[65],"more":[66],"broadly.":[67],"Drawing":[68],"on":[69],"a":[70],"range":[71],"of":[72],"recent":[73],"research,":[74],"outlines":[77],"broad":[78],"priority":[79],"areas":[80],"for":[81],"policy":[82],"actions":[83],"accelerate":[85],"initiate":[88],"agriculture":[93],"sector":[94],"nonfarm":[98],"economy.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2017-02-03T00:00:00"}
