{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2580274231","doi":null,"title":"Multinationals Searching for R&D Spillovers : A Survey of the Literature","display_name":"Multinationals Searching for R&D Spillovers : A Survey of the Literature","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2580274231","mag":"2580274231"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2580274231","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/handle/11250/2394095","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087816757","display_name":"Leo A. Gr\u00fcnfeld","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289895318","display_name":"Norwegian Institute of International Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/01pznaa94","country_code":"NO","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289895318","https://openalex.org/I4210131556","https://openalex.org/I4210149801"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leo A. Gr\u00fcnfeld","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Institute of International Affairs"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Institute of International Affairs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289895318"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087816757"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289895318"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/r-d-spillovers","display_name":"R&D spillovers","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-spillovers","display_name":"technology spillovers","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-direct-investment","display_name":"foreign direct investment","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multinational-corporations","display_name":"multinational corporations","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fdi-motives","display_name":"FDI motives","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-data","display_name":"patent information","score":0.5509999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.5436134338378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33842695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"Foreign direct investment","level":2,"score":0.5309015512466431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.48733529448509216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.4734206795692444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.4479116201400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.3773150146007538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.11337742209434509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2580274231","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/handle/11250/2394095","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36032183","https://openalex.org/W61544387","https://openalex.org/W140456784","https://openalex.org/W594439344","https://openalex.org/W627685017","https://openalex.org/W1479827809","https://openalex.org/W1507273395","https://openalex.org/W1768714312","https://openalex.org/W1906944042","https://openalex.org/W1964773850","https://openalex.org/W1974822575","https://openalex.org/W1978390073","https://openalex.org/W1992988808","https://openalex.org/W1996581221","https://openalex.org/W1998456090","https://openalex.org/W2001709588","https://openalex.org/W2002408352","https://openalex.org/W2005144066","https://openalex.org/W2006116765","https://openalex.org/W2007009623","https://openalex.org/W2010086887","https://openalex.org/W2013386523","https://openalex.org/W2016728090","https://openalex.org/W2026403338","https://openalex.org/W2034091845","https://openalex.org/W2035102686","https://openalex.org/W2038328972","https://openalex.org/W2041119481","https://openalex.org/W2044323428","https://openalex.org/W2048753822","https://openalex.org/W2051309685","https://openalex.org/W2071249181","https://openalex.org/W2073544427","https://openalex.org/W2080485486","https://openalex.org/W2083039938","https://openalex.org/W2085672178","https://openalex.org/W2095232457","https://openalex.org/W2097521000","https://openalex.org/W2108795964","https://openalex.org/W2115624055","https://openalex.org/W2128325231","https://openalex.org/W2137358449","https://openalex.org/W2141691039","https://openalex.org/W2143585157","https://openalex.org/W2157774440","https://openalex.org/W2161159763","https://openalex.org/W2171650106","https://openalex.org/W2264802384","https://openalex.org/W2320454046","https://openalex.org/W2889260602","https://openalex.org/W3123351561","https://openalex.org/W3123379813","https://openalex.org/W3124370309","https://openalex.org/W3124822810","https://openalex.org/W3125042218","https://openalex.org/W3138377669","https://openalex.org/W3143413901","https://openalex.org/W3149395617"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095174104","https://openalex.org/W23991647","https://openalex.org/W2012141855","https://openalex.org/W7094806669","https://openalex.org/W7113581621","https://openalex.org/W7042405206","https://openalex.org/W2356284105","https://openalex.org/W7099488890","https://openalex.org/W2582624775","https://openalex.org/W745341881"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"surveys":[2],"the":[3,16,30,55,76,105],"literature":[4,65],"on":[5,92,98],"R&D":[6,59],"and":[7,45],"technology":[8],"spillovers":[9,60],"as":[10,87],"a":[11,19,42,46],"motive":[12],"for":[13,33],"FDI.":[14,62],"During":[15],"last":[17],"years,":[18],"growing":[20],"body":[21],"of":[22,78,107],"theoretical":[23,37],"studies":[24,82,90],"has":[25],"generated":[26],"formal":[27],"arguments":[28],"supporting":[29],"economic":[31],"rationale":[32],"such":[34],"behaviour.":[35],"Yet,":[36],"contributions":[38],"are":[39,101],"clustered":[40],"within":[41],"few":[43],"schools":[44],"wider":[47],"approach":[48],"is":[49,66],"necessary":[50],"in":[51],"order":[52],"to":[53,61,75,89,104],"understand":[54],"mechanisms":[56],"that":[57],"relate":[58],"The":[63],"empirical":[64],"more":[67,93],"numerous,":[68],"but":[69],"provides":[70],"ambiguous":[71],"conclusions":[72],"with":[73],"respect":[74],"strength":[77],"this":[79,108],"motive.":[80,109],"Micro":[81],"provide":[83],"less":[84],"supportive":[85,103],"results":[86],"compared":[88],"based":[91,97],"aggregate":[94],"data.":[95],"Studies":[96],"patent":[99],"information":[100],"generally":[102],"existence":[106]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T04:12:42.849631","created_date":"2017-02-03T00:00:00"}
