{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2576324142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-1501-1","title":"Firefly algorithm for discrete optimization problems: A survey","display_name":"Firefly algorithm for discrete optimization problems: A survey","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2576324142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-1501-1","mag":"2576324142"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12205-017-1501-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-1501-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-1501-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109054653","display_name":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","issn_l":"1226-7988","issn":["1226-7988","1976-3808"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","kci-registered","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-1501-1","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003201775","display_name":"Surafel Luleseged Tilahun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4917-981X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4917-981X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Surafel Luleseged Tilahun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060027167","display_name":"Jean Medard T. Ngnotchouye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9130-0444","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9130-0444"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean Medard T. Ngnotchouye","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003201775"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"fwci":6.7804,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":101,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97340711,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"2","first_page":"535","last_page":"545"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firefly-algorithm","display_name":"firefly algorithm","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-optimization","display_name":"discrete optimization","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic-algorithms","display_name":"metaheuristic algorithms","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nature-inspired-algorithms","display_name":"bio-inspired algorithms","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-variables","display_name":"binary variables","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-variables","display_name":"integer variables","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm-modification","display_name":"algorithm modification","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorial-optimization","display_name":"combinatorial optimization","score":0.9380000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154982244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5451844","display_name":"Firefly algorithm","level":3,"score":0.9837713241577148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107477482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22570039","display_name":"Firefly protocol","level":2,"score":0.7075237035751343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.700615406036377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6228427290916443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145671259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1493786","display_name":"Discrete optimization","level":3,"score":0.5886055827140808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92995354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165499","display_name":"Continuous optimization","level":4,"score":0.54766845703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5134385824203491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.5079525113105774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983394010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19885330","display_name":"Continuous variable","level":2,"score":0.4530869722366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.42259445786476135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29946058988571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122357587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934508","display_name":"Multi-swarm optimization","level":3,"score":0.1681334376335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12205-017-1501-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-1501-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-1501-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109054653","display_name":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","issn_l":"1226-7988","issn":["1226-7988","1976-3808"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","kci-registered","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s12205-017-1501-1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-1501-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-1501-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109054653","display_name":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","issn_l":"1226-7988","issn":["1226-7988","1976-3808"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","kci-registered","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":88,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W126858822","https://openalex.org/W133763731","https://openalex.org/W153279708","https://openalex.org/W163172025","https://openalex.org/W195504638","https://openalex.org/W843133420","https://openalex.org/W1424196965","https://openalex.org/W1523741643","https://openalex.org/W1573676079","https://openalex.org/W1596914020","https://openalex.org/W1825762827","https://openalex.org/W1831090442","https://openalex.org/W1901712922","https://openalex.org/W1964532799","https://openalex.org/W1966573329","https://openalex.org/W1976355338","https://openalex.org/W1977089177","https://openalex.org/W1977094303","https://openalex.org/W1978057374","https://openalex.org/W1988627973","https://openalex.org/W1991599614","https://openalex.org/W1993216154","https://openalex.org/W1995384555","https://openalex.org/W1998073824","https://openalex.org/W2005806759","https://openalex.org/W2006529263","https://openalex.org/W2013605640","https://openalex.org/W2025190297","https://openalex.org/W2029846254","https://openalex.org/W2035128111","https://openalex.org/W2042510074","https://openalex.org/W2042641463","https://openalex.org/W2044587647","https://openalex.org/W2044943974","https://openalex.org/W2047270429","https://openalex.org/W2050653509","https://openalex.org/W2051084023","https://openalex.org/W2055072330","https://openalex.org/W2064663555","https://openalex.org/W2065115507","https://openalex.org/W2070145903","https://openalex.org/W2072122369","https://openalex.org/W2074266836","https://openalex.org/W2081304674","https://openalex.org/W2085080956","https://openalex.org/W2091798611","https://openalex.org/W2098565274","https://openalex.org/W2103521327","https://openalex.org/W2103679132","https://openalex.org/W2128254825","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2153605726","https://openalex.org/W2154943049","https://openalex.org/W2158147856","https://openalex.org/W2165758382","https://openalex.org/W2168079536","https://openalex.org/W2191248515","https://openalex.org/W2226658350","https://openalex.org/W2238524002","https://openalex.org/W2279252837","https://openalex.org/W2285240767","https://openalex.org/W2303472634","https://openalex.org/W2313347275","https://openalex.org/W2332312474","https://openalex.org/W2343556766","https://openalex.org/W2440704319","https://openalex.org/W2464696721","https://openalex.org/W2477390057","https://openalex.org/W2508589543","https://openalex.org/W2509724050","https://openalex.org/W2521803223","https://openalex.org/W2523389870","https://openalex.org/W2525762567","https://openalex.org/W2543580944","https://openalex.org/W2547574709","https://openalex.org/W2605531340","https://openalex.org/W2623006559","https://openalex.org/W2930284487","https://openalex.org/W3098924781","https://openalex.org/W4212974420","https://openalex.org/W4231735929","https://openalex.org/W4234287119","https://openalex.org/W4234678881","https://openalex.org/W4242705165","https://openalex.org/W4299796063","https://openalex.org/W4385578866","https://openalex.org/W6884962602","https://openalex.org/W6968266424"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2279443028","https://openalex.org/W2029846254","https://openalex.org/W1988627973","https://openalex.org/W3089994401","https://openalex.org/W1993216154","https://openalex.org/W1918888730","https://openalex.org/W7147329328","https://openalex.org/W4299953759","https://openalex.org/W4415958430","https://openalex.org/W2734693534"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Firefly":[0],"algorithm":[1,6,39,66,86,103],"is":[2,15,74],"a":[3],"nature-inspired":[4],"metaheuristic":[5],"inspired":[7],"by":[8],"the":[9,38,60,77,81,99],"flashing":[10],"behavior":[11],"of":[12,64,80,101],"fireflies.":[13],"It":[14],"originally":[16],"proposed":[17],"for":[18,104],"continuous":[19,30,70],"problems.":[20,43,71],"However,":[21],"due":[22],"to":[23,40,76,89],"its":[24],"effectiveness":[25],"and":[26,62],"success":[27],"in":[28,36,87],"solving":[29],"problems,":[31],"different":[32],"studies":[33],"are":[34],"conducted":[35],"modifying":[37],"suit":[41],"discrete":[42,55,94],"Many":[44],"engineering":[45],"as":[46,48,110,112],"well":[47,111],"optimization":[49,91,105],"problems":[50,92,106],"from":[51],"other":[52],"disciplines":[53],"involve":[54],"variables.":[56,95],"Recent":[57],"reviews":[58],"on":[59,69,84,98],"application":[61,100],"modifications":[63,82],"firefly":[65,85,102],"mainly":[67],"focus":[68],"This":[72],"paper":[73],"devoted":[75],"detailed":[78],"review":[79],"done":[83],"order":[88],"solve":[90],"with":[93,107],"Hence,":[96],"advances":[97],"binary,":[108],"integer":[109],"mixed":[113],"variables":[114],"will":[115,121],"be":[116,123],"discussed.":[117],"Possible":[118],"future":[119],"works":[120],"also":[122],"highlighted.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2017-01-26T00:00:00"}