{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2576311069","doi":null,"title":"Silicon Integrated Transmitter for Quantum Key Distribution","display_name":"Silicon Integrated Transmitter for Quantum Key Distribution","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2576311069","mag":"2576311069"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/75335","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/75335","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/1d1581f4-27da-48eb-b0b6-7148de4d5628/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400261","display_name":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/1d1581f4-27da-48eb-b0b6-7148de4d5628/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057899962","display_name":"Chaoxuan Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0848-8093","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0848-8093"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chaoxuan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0848-8093","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057899962"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.021800000220537186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-key-distribution","display_name":"quantum key distribution","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicon-photonics","display_name":"silicon photonics","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization-encoding","display_name":"polarization encoding","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bb84-protocol","display_name":"BB84 protocol","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity-modulation","display_name":"intensity modulation","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization-modulation","display_name":"polarization modulation","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-optical-attenuator","display_name":"variable optical attenuator","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-generator","display_name":"pulse generator","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundry-processes","display_name":"foundry processes","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secret-key-rate","display_name":"secret key rate","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-bit-error-rate","display_name":"quantum bit error rate","score":0.8190000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95466800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027298","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","level":3,"score":0.7357938885688782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6853858232498169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6072481274604797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3403674364089966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.3304954767227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3256884813308716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2852749228477478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27157872915267944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.17245852947235107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.16464877128601074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/75335","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/75335","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/1d1581f4-27da-48eb-b0b6-7148de4d5628/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400261","display_name":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2576311069","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/handle/1807/75335","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/75335","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/75335","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/1d1581f4-27da-48eb-b0b6-7148de4d5628/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400261","display_name":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2576311069.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2576311069.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":127,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517403092","https://openalex.org/W1595003097","https://openalex.org/W1652946403","https://openalex.org/W1716995571","https://openalex.org/W1887871616","https://openalex.org/W1902365722","https://openalex.org/W1959936891","https://openalex.org/W1964856194","https://openalex.org/W1969024011","https://openalex.org/W1969211823","https://openalex.org/W1972086713","https://openalex.org/W1972653359","https://openalex.org/W1973980445","https://openalex.org/W1975281478","https://openalex.org/W1975408841","https://openalex.org/W1978154794","https://openalex.org/W1978908111","https://openalex.org/W1980679528","https://openalex.org/W1985040378","https://openalex.org/W1988538073","https://openalex.org/W1988838064","https://openalex.org/W1990281165","https://openalex.org/W1990759845","https://openalex.org/W1992672596","https://openalex.org/W1993142991","https://openalex.org/W1994460359","https://openalex.org/W1994897712","https://openalex.org/W1995131021","https://openalex.org/W1995274875","https://openalex.org/W1997102776","https://openalex.org/W2000690919","https://openalex.org/W2003762972","https://openalex.org/W2005631054","https://openalex.org/W2005798913","https://openalex.org/W2010903025","https://openalex.org/W2011021198","https://openalex.org/W2012369662","https://openalex.org/W2013482589","https://openalex.org/W2015179126","https://openalex.org/W2017093231","https://openalex.org/W2017832357","https://openalex.org/W2017956965","https://openalex.org/W2020272675","https://openalex.org/W2022387327","https://openalex.org/W2025267340","https://openalex.org/W2028323016","https://openalex.org/W2029489463","https://openalex.org/W2031585547","https://openalex.org/W2033428839","https://openalex.org/W2043937480","https://openalex.org/W2045140905","https://openalex.org/W2047058221","https://openalex.org/W2047463679","https://openalex.org/W2049215073","https://openalex.org/W2049471987","https://openalex.org/W2052793707","https://openalex.org/W2052940294","https://openalex.org/W2055617162","https://openalex.org/W2056393659","https://openalex.org/W2057143033","https://openalex.org/W2058385438","https://openalex.org/W2058639886","https://openalex.org/W2058672601","https://openalex.org/W2058874525","https://openalex.org/W2060527428","https://openalex.org/W2062452121","https://openalex.org/W2064035318","https://openalex.org/W2064610088","https://openalex.org/W2065192689","https://openalex.org/W2066674065","https://openalex.org/W2067626447","https://openalex.org/W2070282719","https://openalex.org/W2071764857","https://openalex.org/W2072271804","https://openalex.org/W2075728804","https://openalex.org/W2077980318","https://openalex.org/W2082889948","https://openalex.org/W2088141181","https://openalex.org/W2094383064","https://openalex.org/W2096934953","https://openalex.org/W2098065253","https://openalex.org/W2098543956","https://openalex.org/W2099610951","https://openalex.org/W2100257068","https://openalex.org/W2101055874","https://openalex.org/W2102183852","https://openalex.org/W2104808534","https://openalex.org/W2107914128","https://openalex.org/W2109394932","https://openalex.org/W2112345496","https://openalex.org/W2112708263","https://openalex.org/W2113138965","https://openalex.org/W2113158626","https://openalex.org/W2115213492","https://openalex.org/W2119071843","https://openalex.org/W2124720324","https://openalex.org/W2132010190","https://openalex.org/W2132997171","https://openalex.org/W2142260669","https://openalex.org/W2145128977","https://openalex.org/W2145375372","https://openalex.org/W2145486367","https://openalex.org/W2146172494","https://openalex.org/W2150669164","https://openalex.org/W2157046930","https://openalex.org/W2158373859","https://openalex.org/W2164694190","https://openalex.org/W2168189812","https://openalex.org/W2184921019","https://openalex.org/W2205432099","https://openalex.org/W2222240030","https://openalex.org/W2235174674","https://openalex.org/W2275742672","https://openalex.org/W2288239609","https://openalex.org/W2299122672","https://openalex.org/W2312415409","https://openalex.org/W2336770924","https://openalex.org/W2344640011","https://openalex.org/W2388430210","https://openalex.org/W2528013431","https://openalex.org/W2962814235","https://openalex.org/W2963898955","https://openalex.org/W2964116681","https://openalex.org/W3038067977","https://openalex.org/W3101869595","https://openalex.org/W3102573114","https://openalex.org/W3123997348"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2540726088","https://openalex.org/W2434694733","https://openalex.org/W7171521253","https://openalex.org/W4386737273","https://openalex.org/W4376873391","https://openalex.org/W2886586330","https://openalex.org/W4415748166","https://openalex.org/W4410992212","https://openalex.org/W7127954102","https://openalex.org/W4414828303"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Silicon":[0],"(Si)":[1],"photonics":[2,138],"is":[3,26,127],"reaching":[4],"maturity":[5],"and":[6,34,58,68,118],"has":[7],"the":[8,22,30,83,87,100,132],"potential":[9],"of":[10,32,99,116,124,134],"offering":[11],"low-cost,":[12],"reliable,":[13],"chip-scale":[14],"systems":[15],"for":[16,44,89,139],"quantum":[17,112,140],"key":[18,122],"distribution":[19],"(QKD).":[20],"On":[21],"other":[23],"hand,":[24],"QKD":[25,102],"also":[27],"maturing":[28],"with":[29],"bridging":[31],"theory":[33],"practice.":[35],"This":[36,129],"work":[37,130],"presents":[38],"a":[39,52,60,72,96,105],"Si":[40,54,137],"integrated":[41],"photonic":[42,55,84],"transmitter":[43,92],"polarization-encoded":[45],"QKD.":[46,90],"The":[47,80,91],"chip":[48],"was":[49,93],"fabricated":[50],"in":[51,71,82,95],"standard":[53],"foundry":[56,135],"process":[57],"integrates":[59],"pulse":[61],"generator,":[62],"intensity":[63],"modulator,":[64],"variable":[65],"optical":[66],"attenuator,":[67],"polarization":[69],"modulator":[70],"1.3":[73],"mm":[74,77],"x":[75],"3":[76],"die":[78],"area.":[79],"devices":[81],"circuit":[85],"meet":[86],"requirements":[88],"used":[94],"proof-of-concept":[97],"demonstration":[98],"BB84":[101],"protocol":[103],"over":[104],"5":[106],"km":[107],"long":[108],"fiber":[109],"link.":[110],"A":[111],"bit":[113],"error":[114],"rate":[115,123],"5.4%":[117],"an":[119],"asymptotic":[120],"secure":[121],"0.95":[125],"kbps":[126],"obtained.":[128],"shows":[131],"feasibility":[133],"based":[136],"information":[141],"applications.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2017-01-26T00:00:00"}