{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2575642142","doi":null,"title":"Earth resources","display_name":"Earth resources","publication_year":1969,"publication_date":"1969-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2575642142","mag":"2575642142"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2575642142","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/76/9/4212.full.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"book","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Brian J. Skinner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brian J. Skinner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6957,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":87,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84210526,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13021","display_name":"Geology and Environmental Impact Studies","score":0.4050000011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13021","display_name":"Geology and Environmental Impact Studies","score":0.4050000011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11091","display_name":"Extraction and Separation Processes","score":0.3009999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11740","display_name":"Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis","score":0.10159999877214432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-resources","display_name":"metal resources","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-supply","display_name":"metal supply","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-depletion","display_name":"resource depletion","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-constraints","display_name":"resource constraints","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tin","display_name":"tin","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tungsten","display_name":"tungsten","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silver","display_name":"silver","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead","display_name":"lead","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc","display_name":"zinc","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093003","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508345","display_name":"Lead (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5728287100791931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.5231922268867493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C525849907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096","display_name":"Tin","level":2,"score":0.505450963973999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.461836576461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542268612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q743","display_name":"Tungsten","level":2,"score":0.4484982192516327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26148502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2488752","display_name":"Earth (classical element)","level":2,"score":0.4298558831214905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983155866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7294540","display_name":"Rare earth","level":2,"score":0.4226275086402893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16674752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1370637","display_name":"Mining engineering","level":1,"score":0.40514808893203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1965285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8008","display_name":"Earth science","level":1,"score":0.39962539076805115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.383190393447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.30059120059013367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.2782478332519531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2081218659877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1972566545009613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.07754722237586975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06095224618911743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2575642142","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/76/9/4212.full.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.6000000238418579}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985892171","https://openalex.org/W2162714837","https://openalex.org/W2164203800","https://openalex.org/W2201486475","https://openalex.org/W2176321029","https://openalex.org/W2042578682","https://openalex.org/W2065528192","https://openalex.org/W2123077640","https://openalex.org/W4353004227","https://openalex.org/W1972065950"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract\r\nReliable":[0],"supplies":[1],"of":[2,23,26,31,98],"metals":[3,16],"have":[4,76],"historically":[5],"been":[6],"the":[7,20,86,96],"keys":[8],"to":[9,19,77],"industrial":[10],"and":[11,41],"technological":[12],"development.":[13],"But":[14],"many":[15,42],"are":[17,54],"subject":[18],"possible":[21],"exhaustion":[22],"traditional":[24],"kinds":[25],"deposits.":[27],"A":[28],"continued":[29],"supply":[30],"such":[32,80],"metals,":[33],"which":[34,52],"include":[35],"tin,":[36],"tungsten,":[37],"silver,":[38],"lead,":[39],"zinc,":[40],"others,":[43],"will":[44,67,94],"require":[45],"their":[46],"recovery":[47],"from":[48,64],"common":[49,60],"rocks,":[50],"in":[51,56,59,90],"they":[53],"found":[55],"solid":[57],"solution":[58],"silicate":[61],"minerals.":[62],"Recovery":[63],"unconventional":[65],"sources":[66],"be":[68,95],"so":[69],"energy":[70],"intensive":[71],"that":[72],"we":[73],"may":[74],"eventually":[75],"stop":[78],"mining":[79],"metals.":[81],"The":[82],"greatest":[83],"challenge":[84],"facing":[85],"U.S.":[87],"Geological":[88],"Survey":[89],"its":[91],"second":[92],"century":[93],"problem":[97],"resource":[99],"limitations.":[100]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2017-01-26T00:00:00"}
