{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2575278329","doi":null,"title":"Criminalizing Childhood: The Social Development of Juvenile Crime in a Rural North Carolina School","display_name":"Criminalizing Childhood: The Social Development of Juvenile Crime in a Rural North Carolina School","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2575278329","mag":"2575278329"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2575278329","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-3592131731/criminalizing-childhood-the-social-development-of","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234017","display_name":"Social Development Issues","issn_l":"0147-1473","issn":["0147-1473","2372-014X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316758","host_organization_name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316758"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Southern Illinois University Carbondale"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Social Development Issues","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Meredith Parker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meredith Parker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073711826","display_name":"Jonathan W. Glenn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5802-2323","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5802-2323"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan W. Glenn","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063027770","display_name":"Alice Margaret Turner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5947-3254","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5947-3254"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alice Turner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5947-3254","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0857,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88706325,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"2","first_page":"35","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9243000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9243000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13728","display_name":"Crime, Deviance, and Social Control","score":0.031300000846385956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12474","display_name":"Education Discipline and Inequality","score":0.02669999934732914,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/juvenile-delinquency","display_name":"juvenile delinquency","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-order-offences","display_name":"public order offenses","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-violent-crime","display_name":"non-violent crime","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-construction-of-crime","display_name":"social construction of crime","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-discipline","display_name":"student discipline","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-punishment","display_name":"punishment in schools","score":0.41499999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labeling-of-children","display_name":"labeling of children","score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/juvenile-justice","display_name":"juvenile justice","score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-schools","display_name":"rural schools","score":0.5680000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences-in-delinquency","display_name":"gender differences in delinquency","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-carolina-school-districts","display_name":"North Carolina school districts","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-disparities-in-discipline","display_name":"racial disparities in discipline","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescent-behavior","display_name":"adolescent behavior","score":0.33000001311302185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71376074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1001125","display_name":"Juvenile delinquency","level":2,"score":0.8712393045425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6012581586837769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1516282","display_name":"Juvenile","level":2,"score":0.5749565362930298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.5588708519935608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C525541732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149086","display_name":"Homicide","level":4,"score":0.5144274830818176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.48827600479125977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777711708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468501","display_name":"Juvenile court","level":3,"score":0.4253014922142029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.40157896280288696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.32438063621520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.32108819484710693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.3058350086212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2754685878753662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2505077123641968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.17054197192192078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.13626623153686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1225719153881073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.07511758804321289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.06570735573768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2575278329","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-3592131731/criminalizing-childhood-the-social-development-of","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210234017","display_name":"Social Development Issues","issn_l":"0147-1473","issn":["0147-1473","2372-014X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316758","host_organization_name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316758"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Southern Illinois University Carbondale"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Social Development Issues","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2316580251","https://openalex.org/W2034174731","https://openalex.org/W2164445337","https://openalex.org/W1487091918","https://openalex.org/W561831242","https://openalex.org/W390713275","https://openalex.org/W2528597791","https://openalex.org/W2294330278","https://openalex.org/W4407082030","https://openalex.org/W2240949408"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"At":[0],"first":[1],"glance":[2],"juvenile":[3,69,90,272,276,329,432,441],"crime":[4],"appears":[5],"to":[6,187,200,282,309,326,355,467,486,507,550,565,583,600],"be":[7,256,444],"declining.":[8],"In":[9,334],"2012":[10],"the":[11,66,89,300,307,337,340,372,379,395,404,420,426,429,453,472,490,494,504,509,515,552,556,569,588],"Juvenile":[12,60],"Offenders":[13],"and":[14,22,44,87,107,133,171,191,214,225,252,267,278,346,391,448,489,520,534,598],"Victims":[15],"National":[16,57],"Report":[17],"indicated":[18],"that":[19,64,260,299,358,407,409,546,579],"between":[20,42,85,389],"1985":[21,190,232],"2009,":[23,45,88,192],"an":[24,245,368,383],"estimated":[25],"1.5":[26],"million":[27],"delinquency":[28,46,153,216,277],"cases":[29,71,194,229],"involved":[30],"juveniles":[31,375,536],"charged":[32,377],"with":[33,503],"criminal":[265],"law":[35,99,131,176,479],"violations":[36,177,513,522],"(Knoll":[37,52,178,205],"&":[38,53,115,179,206,293],"Sickmund,":[39,54,180,207],"2012).":[40,55,118,181,208,236],"Additionally,":[41],"1997":[43],"caseloads":[47,183,210],"decreased":[48],"by":[49,82,94,196,542],"20":[50],"percent":[51,84,96,102,109,150,156,161,166,173,202],"The":[56,320],"Center":[58],"for":[59,97,103,110,148,203,211],"Justice":[61],"also":[62,184,576],"reported":[63],"although":[65],"number":[67,590],"of":[68,126,151,157,162,167,174,222,275,303,316,322,336,374,403,422,428,431,439,455,571,591],"court":[70],"involving":[72],"violent":[73],"offenses":[74,112,254],"(e.g.,":[75],"homicide,":[76],"forcible":[77],"rape,":[78],"aggravated":[79],"assault)":[80],"fell":[81],"8":[83],"2008":[86],"case":[91],"rates":[92],"increased":[93,195],"87":[95],"drug":[98,175,521],"violations,":[100,132],"79":[101],"public":[104,120,168,226,250,473],"order":[105,121,169,227,251],"offenses,":[106,122,136,159,164],"71":[108],"personal":[111,158],"(Puzzanchera,":[113],"Adams,":[114],"Hocke":[116],"nberry,":[117],"(.These":[119],"such":[123,517],"as":[124,264,313,493,518,568],"obstruction":[125],"justice,":[127],"disorderly":[128],"conduct,":[129],"liquor":[130],"nonviolent":[134,253],"sex":[135],"were":[137,400,537,558],"often":[138,450],"observed":[139],"in":[140,217,231,239,371,378,386,394,416,452,471,540,554,604],"younger":[141,143],"juveniles.Juveniles":[142],"than":[144,230],"age":[145],"sixteen":[146],"accounted":[147],"52":[149],"all":[152],"cases,":[154,170],"59":[155],"53":[160],"property":[163],"49":[165],"39":[172],"Delinquency":[182],"varied":[185],"according":[186],"gender.":[188],"Between":[189],"female":[193,215],"28":[197],"percent,":[198],"compared":[199],"19":[201],"males":[204],"However,":[209,419],"both":[212],"male":[213],"2009":[218],"had":[219],"greater":[220],"proportions":[221],"person,":[223],"drug,":[224],"offense":[228],"(Puzzanchera":[233],"et":[234],"al.,":[235],"When":[237],"examined":[238],"context,":[240],"these":[241,249],"category-specific":[242],"increases":[243],"raise":[244],"interesting":[246],"question:":[247],"might":[248,593],"actually":[255,594],"normal":[257],"adolescent":[258],"behavior":[259,330,442,553,597],"has":[261,306,532,563],"been":[262],"mislabeled":[263],"offense,":[266],"thereby":[268],"socially":[269,283],"developed":[270,284],"into":[271],"delinquency?The":[273],"concept":[274],"punishment":[279,305],"being":[280,332,376,538],"subject":[281],"processes":[285],"is":[286,325,331,425,449],"not":[287,548],"entirely":[288],"new.":[289],"Some":[290],"researchers":[291,341],"(McCarthy":[292],"Hoge,":[294],"1987)":[295],"have":[296,460,575],"long":[297],"argued":[298],"social":[301],"production":[302],"school":[304,317,417,456,462,491,505],"ability":[308],"produce":[310],"racial":[311],"disadvantages":[312],"a":[314,356,360,410,487,529,601],"result":[315],"discipline":[318],"processes.":[319],"goal":[321],"this":[323,423,566],"study":[324,338,424],"determine":[327],"whether":[328],"criminalized.":[333],"furtherance":[335],"goal,":[339],"formulated":[342],"one":[343],"research":[344,348],"question":[345],"two":[347],"probes.Q":[349],":":[350,365],"Do":[351],"student":[352,572,596],"behaviors":[353],"rise":[354],"level":[357],"warrants":[359],"formal":[361],"justice":[363],"intervention?P":[364],"Is":[366,381],"there":[367,382],"identifiable":[369,384],"disparity":[370,385],"race/ethnicity":[373],"school?Pq":[380],"charge":[387],"severity":[388],"minority":[390,412],"nonminority":[392],"students":[393,557],"target":[396],"school?The":[397],"additional":[398],"probes":[399],"included":[401],"because":[402],"growing":[405,530,589],"literature":[406],"suggests":[408],"disproportionate":[411],"impact":[413],"may":[414],"exist":[415],"systems.":[418],"core":[421],"issue":[427,438],"criminalization":[430,570],"behavior.Crime":[433],"Control":[434],"or":[435],"Childhood":[436],"Criminalization?The":[437],"criminalizing":[440],"can":[443],"complex":[445],"at":[446],"times":[447],"situated":[451],"context":[454],"behavior.":[457,573],"Many":[458],"jurisdictions":[459],"implemented":[461],"resource":[463,476,499],"officer":[464],"(SRO)":[465],"programs":[466,527],"overhaul":[468],"security":[469],"measures":[470],"schools.":[474],"School":[475,498],"officers":[477,481,500],"are":[478,483],"enforcement":[480],"who":[482],"permanently":[484],"assigned":[485],"school,":[488,516],"serves":[492],"officer's":[495],"patrol":[496],"area.":[497],"typically":[501],"work":[502],"administration":[506],"handle":[508],"more":[510,535],"serious":[511],"rule":[512],"within":[514],"weapons":[519],"on":[523,544],"campus.":[524],"As":[525],"SRO":[526],"spread,":[528],"concern":[531],"emerged.More":[533],"arrested":[539],"schools":[541,585],"SROs":[543],"charges":[545],"did":[547],"seem":[549],"fit":[551],"which":[555],"engaging.":[559],"Matthew":[560],"Theriot":[561],"(2009)":[562],"referred":[564],"process":[567],"Others":[574],"expressed":[577],"concerns":[578],"some":[580],"strategies":[581],"designed":[582],"make":[584],"safer,":[586],"particularly":[587],"SROs,":[592],"criminalize":[595],"lead":[599],"substantial":[602],"increase":[603],"school-based":[605],"arrests":[606],"(Brown,":[607],"2006;":[608],"Hirschfield,":[609],"2008;":[610],"Lawrence,":[611],"2007).":[612],"\u2026":[613]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2017-01-26T00:00:00"}
