{"id":"https://openalex.org/W257401774","doi":null,"title":"MC4R expression in pedunculopontine nucleus involved in the modulation of midbrain dopamine system.","display_name":"MC4R expression in pedunculopontine nucleus involved in the modulation of midbrain dopamine system.","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W257401774","mag":"257401774","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25973101","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4396322"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3389418","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4396322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4396322","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yan Hao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160344","display_name":"Tongji Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04xy45965","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160344"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160344","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020256436","display_name":"Xuebi Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0624-6816","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0624-6816"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160344","display_name":"Tongji Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04xy45965","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160344"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue-Bi Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160344","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100725999","display_name":"Taotao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4623-9012","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4623-9012"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160344","display_name":"Tongji Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04xy45965","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160344"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao-Tao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160344","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Cheng Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160344","display_name":"Tongji Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04xy45965","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160344"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160344","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033551204","display_name":"Hong\u2010Bing Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6644-151X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6644-151X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160344","display_name":"Tongji Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04xy45965","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160344"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong-Bing Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160344","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100461787","display_name":"Jianguo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0009-0574","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0009-0574"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183519381","display_name":"Capital Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/013xs5b60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087691","display_name":"Beijing Tian Tan Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/003regz62","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087691"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian-Guo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation Beijing 100050, China ; Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University Beijing, China ; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Neurostimulation Beijing 100050, China ; Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University Beijing, China ; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183519381","https://openalex.org/I4210087691"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.414,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7661568,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"2039","last_page":"43"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.7157999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.7157999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10489","display_name":"Regulation of Appetite and Obesity","score":0.20749999582767487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.027899999171495438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melanocortin-4-receptor","display_name":"melanocortin-4 receptor","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedunculopontine-nucleus","display_name":"pedunculopontine nucleus","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/midbrain-dopamine-system","display_name":"midbrain dopamine system","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dopaminergic-neurons","display_name":"dopaminergic neurons","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tyrosine-hydroxylase","display_name":"tyrosine hydroxylase","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aversive-stimuli","display_name":"aversive stimuli","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gfp-reporter-mice","display_name":"GFP reporter mice","score":0.32100000977516174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909170305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3345673","display_name":"Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus","level":3,"score":0.8693424463272095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513476851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170304","display_name":"Dopamine","level":2,"score":0.8431189060211182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159167319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420766","display_name":"Tyrosine hydroxylase","level":3,"score":0.8274035453796387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552161191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185080","display_name":"Midbrain","level":3,"score":0.7585207223892212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781153452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3345673","display_name":"Pedunculopontine nucleus","level":5,"score":0.7022290229797363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137183658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461076","display_name":"Dopaminergic","level":3,"score":0.6288310885429382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779993316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6591465","display_name":"Melanocortin","level":3,"score":0.5813634395599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142613039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272983","display_name":"Green fluorescent protein","level":3,"score":0.5685445070266724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5295570492744446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.501556396484375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780723820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1934178","display_name":"Nucleus","level":2,"score":0.4846523404121399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43295716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21118676","display_name":"Melanocortin 4 receptor","level":4,"score":0.4345693290233612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780948874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640562","display_name":"Ventral tegmental area","level":4,"score":0.4168499708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.403408944606781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3074307143688202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2861410081386566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.2512633800506592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779734285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11085","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","level":3,"score":0.16988694667816162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12421411275863647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.09647464752197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.07287898659706116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71315377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364","display_name":"Hormone","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778542668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618076","display_name":"Deep brain stimulation","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008636","descriptor_name":"Mesencephalon","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008822","descriptor_name":"Mice, Transgenic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009434","descriptor_name":"Neural Pathways","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014446","descriptor_name":"Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044105","descriptor_name":"Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044105","descriptor_name":"Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D045042","descriptor_name":"Pedunculopontine Tegmental Nucleus","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049452","descriptor_name":"Green Fluorescent Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D059290","descriptor_name":"Dopaminergic Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3389418","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4396322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4396322","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4396322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:25973101","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25973101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of clinical and experimental pathology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:257401774","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25973101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3389418","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4396322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W172019495","https://openalex.org/W348119250","https://openalex.org/W1532178599","https://openalex.org/W1963690624","https://openalex.org/W1971699062","https://openalex.org/W1973804671","https://openalex.org/W1986596088","https://openalex.org/W1996758106","https://openalex.org/W1997835406","https://openalex.org/W2006794264","https://openalex.org/W2011357479","https://openalex.org/W2012111567","https://openalex.org/W2017911732","https://openalex.org/W2023338200","https://openalex.org/W2042104404","https://openalex.org/W2046429870","https://openalex.org/W2055365377","https://openalex.org/W2062064576","https://openalex.org/W2062186304","https://openalex.org/W2063113182","https://openalex.org/W2066169417","https://openalex.org/W2067639934","https://openalex.org/W2069143595","https://openalex.org/W2070448790","https://openalex.org/W2078977548","https://openalex.org/W2087550438","https://openalex.org/W2087801790","https://openalex.org/W2089141705","https://openalex.org/W2099258692","https://openalex.org/W2100560669","https://openalex.org/W2104017538","https://openalex.org/W2149610633","https://openalex.org/W2158664124","https://openalex.org/W2163548934","https://openalex.org/W2172085609"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532178599","https://openalex.org/W4399261457","https://openalex.org/W4409548632","https://openalex.org/W2066169417","https://openalex.org/W2020080001","https://openalex.org/W3076270297","https://openalex.org/W2037447899","https://openalex.org/W4405920693","https://openalex.org/W4400905921","https://openalex.org/W2026969879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND":[0],"AND":[1],"OBJECTIVE:":[2],"Separate":[3],"studies":[4],"have":[5],"implicated":[6],"the":[7,27,30,33,37,43,54,66,69,85,101,120,126,131],"pedunculopontine":[8],"tegmental":[9],"nucleus":[10],"(PPTg)":[11],"in":[12,29,84,100,125,130],"processing":[13],"aversive":[14],"stimuli":[15],"to":[16],"dopamine":[17,40,109,135],"systems,":[18],"and":[19,93],"melanocortin-4":[20],"receptor":[21],"(MC4R)":[22],"are":[23],"broadly":[24],"expressed":[25],"by":[26,42,74],"neurons":[28,83,99],"PPTg,":[31],"but":[32],"exact":[34],"neurosubstrate":[35],"underlying":[36],"regulation":[38],"of":[39,56,68,81,88,96,108,133],"systems":[41],"central":[44],"melanocortin":[45],"pathway":[46],"is":[47],"poorly":[48],"understood.":[49],"METHODS:":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52],"study,":[53],"PPTg":[55,89],"6":[57],"adult":[58],"mice":[59],"expressing":[60],"green":[61],"fluorescent":[62],"protein":[63],"(GFP)":[64],"under":[65],"control":[67],"MC4R":[70,123],"promoter":[71],"was":[72],"detected":[73],"fluorescence":[75],"immunohistochemistry.":[76],"RESULTS:":[77],"A":[78],"large":[79],"number":[80],"GFP-positive":[82],"dissipated":[86],"parts":[87],"(dpPPTg)":[90],"were":[91,114],"found,":[92],"approximately":[94],"50%":[95],"MC4R-GFP-":[97],"positive":[98],"dpPPTg":[102,127],"coexpressed":[103],"tyrosine":[104],"hydroxylase,":[105],"a":[106],"marker":[107],"neurons,":[110],"indicating":[111],"that":[112,122],"they":[113],"dopaminergic.":[115],"CONCLUSIONS:":[116],"Our":[117],"findings":[118],"support":[119],"hypothesis":[121],"signaling":[124],"may":[128],"involve":[129],"modulation":[132],"midbrain":[134],"systems.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}