{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2573336281","doi":null,"title":"Incorporating prototype theory in convolutional neural networks","display_name":"Incorporating prototype theory in convolutional neural networks","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2573336281","mag":"2573336281"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2573336281","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/ijcai/ijcai2016.html#SalehEF16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306419999","display_name":"International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111496136","display_name":"Babak Saleh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Babak Saleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, Rutgers University, New Jersey#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Rutgers University, New Jersey#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039640321","display_name":"Ahmed Elgammal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2761-4822","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2761-4822"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Elgammal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, Rutgers University, New Jersey#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2761-4822","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Rutgers University, New Jersey#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002009029","display_name":"Jacob Feldman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacob Feldman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cognitive Science, Rutgers University, New Jersey#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cognitive Science, Rutgers University, New Jersey#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1115,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.41582825,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3446","last_page":"3453"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.8711000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.8711000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.12409999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prototype-theory","display_name":"prototype theory","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-networks","display_name":"convolutional neural networks","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-recognition","display_name":"object recognition","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-classification","display_name":"image classification","score":0.8920000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.8305262327194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8131496906280518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7814030647277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.6954249143600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.6777245998382568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6308488249778748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5535863637924194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5185980796813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.507136344909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4980428218841553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64876066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","level":3,"score":0.48090147972106934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46330007910728455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44156014919281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43144547939300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.4144308269023895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.35378265380859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06932929158210754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2573336281","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/ijcai/ijcai2016.html#SalehEF16","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306419999","display_name":"International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W144689751","https://openalex.org/W613766092","https://openalex.org/W1487583988","https://openalex.org/W1673923490","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1895577753","https://openalex.org/W1932198206","https://openalex.org/W1976323611","https://openalex.org/W1979766417","https://openalex.org/W1999404243","https://openalex.org/W2015874927","https://openalex.org/W2019524107","https://openalex.org/W2026942141","https://openalex.org/W2027994268","https://openalex.org/W2031342017","https://openalex.org/W2040036684","https://openalex.org/W2040884411","https://openalex.org/W2042628378","https://openalex.org/W2055854250","https://openalex.org/W2058616551","https://openalex.org/W2082929796","https://openalex.org/W2103147032","https://openalex.org/W2103444992","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2116360511","https://openalex.org/W2142336306","https://openalex.org/W2147800946","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2157791002","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2164022341","https://openalex.org/W2166206801","https://openalex.org/W2219771564","https://openalex.org/W2404596811","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W3035258717"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2256464510","https://openalex.org/W2566079294","https://openalex.org/W2950220847","https://openalex.org/W2404596811","https://openalex.org/W4409167146","https://openalex.org/W3150325274","https://openalex.org/W3137989408","https://openalex.org/W7043864630","https://openalex.org/W2974777336","https://openalex.org/W2951940613"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"artificial":[1],"neural":[2],"networks":[3],"have":[4],"made":[5],"remarkable":[6],"progress":[7],"in":[8,11,57,68,83,91],"different":[9,51],"tasks":[10],"the":[12,18,60,65,69,80,111,141,163,167],"field":[13],"of":[14,21,26,64,114,130,148],"computer":[15],"vision.":[16],"However,":[17],"empirical":[19],"analysis":[20],"these":[22],"models":[23,42,82,99,108],"and":[24,86,94],"investigation":[25],"their":[27],"failure":[28],"cases":[29],"has":[30],"received":[31],"attention":[32],"recently.":[33],"In":[34],"this":[35,89,156],"work,":[36],"we":[37,132],"show":[38,133],"that":[39,48,96,134],"deep":[40],"learning":[41],"cannot":[43],"generalize":[44],"to":[45,59,109],"atypical":[46],"images":[47,149],"are":[49],"substantially":[50],"from":[52,101],"training":[53,97,121],"images.":[54],"This":[55],"is":[56,159],"contrast":[58],"superior":[61],"generalization":[62,112],"ability":[63],"visual":[66],"system":[67],"human":[70],"brain.":[71],"We":[72,105],"focus":[73],"on":[74,144,166],"Convolutional":[75],"Neural":[76],"Networks":[77],"(CNN)":[78],"as":[79],"state-of-the-art":[81],"object":[84],"recognition":[85],"classification;":[87],"investigate":[88],"problem":[90],"more":[92],"detail,":[93],"hypothesize":[95],"CNN":[98,164],"suffer":[100],"unstructured":[102],"loss":[103],"minimization.":[104],"propose":[106],"computational":[107],"improve":[110,140],"capacity":[113],"CNNs":[115],"by":[116,150],"considering":[117],"how":[118],"typical":[119],"a":[120,136,145,151],"image":[122,169],"looks":[123],"like.":[124],"By":[125],"conducting":[126],"an":[127],"extensive":[128],"set":[129,147],"experiments":[131],"involving":[135],"typicality":[137],"measure":[138],"can":[139],"classification":[142],"results":[143],"new":[146],"large":[152],"margin.":[153],"More":[154],"importantly,":[155],"significant":[157],"improvement":[158],"achieved":[160],"without":[161],"fine-tuning":[162],"model":[165],"target":[168],"set.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2017-01-26T00:00:00"}