{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2572835720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602532.2016.1278228","title":"Metabolism of psilocybin and psilocin: clinical and forensic toxicological relevance","display_name":"Metabolism of psilocybin and psilocin: clinical and forensic toxicological relevance","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2572835720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602532.2016.1278228","mag":"2572835720","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28074670"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/03602532.2016.1278228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602532.2016.1278228","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602532.2016.1278228","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133743172","display_name":"Drug Metabolism Reviews","issn_l":"0360-2532","issn":["0360-2532","1097-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drug Metabolism Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001459260","display_name":"Ricardo Jorge Dinis\u2010Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7430-6297","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7430-6297"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096930","display_name":"Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Polit\u00e9cnico e Universit\u00e1rio","ror":"https://ror.org/00w7bj245","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138594","display_name":"Rede de Qu\u00edmica e Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/04j14t006","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138594"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal;","Department of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","Department of Sciences, IINFACTS \u2013 Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213","https://openalex.org/I4210138594"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sciences, IINFACTS \u2013 Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001459260"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213","https://openalex.org/I4210096930","https://openalex.org/I4210138594"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1936,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":242,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75836431,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"1","first_page":"84","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10800","display_name":"Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10800","display_name":"Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12553","display_name":"Psychedelics and Drug Studies","score":0.023000000044703484,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psilocybin","display_name":"psilocybin","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psilocin","display_name":"psilocin","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-metabolism","display_name":"drug metabolism","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alkaline-phosphatase","display_name":"alkaline phosphatase","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prodrugs","display_name":"prodrugs","score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urinary-metabolites","display_name":"urinary metabolites","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forensic-toxicology","display_name":"forensic toxicology","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-toxicology","display_name":"clinical toxicology","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/5-ht2a-receptor-agonists","display_name":"5-HT2A receptor agonists","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magic-mushrooms","display_name":"magic mushrooms","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hallucinogens","display_name":"hallucinogens","score":0.6159999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208118","display_name":"Psilocybin","level":3,"score":0.9726451635360718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124315065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194270","display_name":"Hallucinogen","level":2,"score":0.7138780355453491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4757271111011505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.3700266480445862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.23454990983009338}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006213","descriptor_name":"Hallucinogens","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011355","descriptor_name":"Prodrugs","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011562","descriptor_name":"Psilocybin","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011562","descriptor_name":"Psilocybin","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055432","descriptor_name":"Metabolomics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/03602532.2016.1278228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602532.2016.1278228","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03602532.2016.1278228","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S133743172","display_name":"Drug Metabolism Reviews","issn_l":"0360-2532","issn":["0360-2532","1097-9883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drug Metabolism Reviews","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28074670","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28074670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Drug metabolism reviews","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9074000120162964,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G264699340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UID/QUI/50006/2013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W135677869","https://openalex.org/W317245871","https://openalex.org/W1527507383","https://openalex.org/W1573447894","https://openalex.org/W1873024648","https://openalex.org/W1965146355","https://openalex.org/W1965925823","https://openalex.org/W1969549633","https://openalex.org/W1970299103","https://openalex.org/W1976195943","https://openalex.org/W1980997765","https://openalex.org/W1982164956","https://openalex.org/W1986425243","https://openalex.org/W1995013188","https://openalex.org/W1995557643","https://openalex.org/W2006645315","https://openalex.org/W2013374926","https://openalex.org/W2018061252","https://openalex.org/W2018420238","https://openalex.org/W2019004642","https://openalex.org/W2027679864","https://openalex.org/W2036715563","https://openalex.org/W2038839611","https://openalex.org/W2040034137","https://openalex.org/W2043197532","https://openalex.org/W2055807649","https://openalex.org/W2057174717","https://openalex.org/W2059916690","https://openalex.org/W2059976461","https://openalex.org/W2065164655","https://openalex.org/W2069122038","https://openalex.org/W2071926809","https://openalex.org/W2074371541","https://openalex.org/W2080123927","https://openalex.org/W2082182980","https://openalex.org/W2083645343","https://openalex.org/W2089001095","https://openalex.org/W2092517056","https://openalex.org/W2092674780","https://openalex.org/W2093658818","https://openalex.org/W2095349468","https://openalex.org/W2110701839","https://openalex.org/W2113099805","https://openalex.org/W2132624405","https://openalex.org/W2145384691","https://openalex.org/W2150280237","https://openalex.org/W2151799076","https://openalex.org/W2154105276","https://openalex.org/W2161555895","https://openalex.org/W2285591130","https://openalex.org/W2294224478","https://openalex.org/W2310332118","https://openalex.org/W2398867243","https://openalex.org/W2407151076","https://openalex.org/W2411998515","https://openalex.org/W2413458064","https://openalex.org/W2415647721","https://openalex.org/W2467700705","https://openalex.org/W2471155830","https://openalex.org/W2499216663","https://openalex.org/W2509877995","https://openalex.org/W2516938180","https://openalex.org/W3023914846","https://openalex.org/W4211150788","https://openalex.org/W4211211437"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995655033","https://openalex.org/W4396224564","https://openalex.org/W4406036520","https://openalex.org/W4402462242","https://openalex.org/W2093658818","https://openalex.org/W4285007883","https://openalex.org/W7135491743","https://openalex.org/W7133308154","https://openalex.org/W2074371541","https://openalex.org/W2810710828"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Psilocybin":[0,79],"and":[1,20,39,55,69,75,108],"psilocin":[2,40],"are":[3,10],"controlled":[4],"substances":[5],"in":[6,111],"many":[7],"countries.":[8],"These":[9],"the":[11,17,34,102],"two":[12],"main":[13,103],"hallucinogenic":[14],"compounds":[15],"of":[16,67],"\u201cmagic":[18],"mushrooms\u201d":[19],"both":[21],"act":[22],"as":[23],"agonists":[24,27],"or":[25],"partial":[26],"at":[28],"5-hydroxytryptamine":[29],"(5-HT)2A":[30],"subtype":[31],"receptors.":[32],"During":[33],"last":[35,95],"few":[36],"years,":[37],"psilocybin":[38,68],"have":[41],"gained":[42],"therapeutic":[43],"relevance":[44,110],"but":[45],"considerable":[46],"physiological":[47],"variability":[48],"between":[49],"individuals":[50],"that":[51,84],"can":[52],"influence":[53],"dose-response":[54],"toxicological":[56],"profile":[57],"has":[58],"been":[59],"reported.":[60],"This":[61,94],"review":[62],"aims":[63],"to":[64,90],"discuss":[65],"metabolism":[66],"psilocin,":[70],"by":[71,87],"presenting":[72],"all":[73],"major":[74],"minor":[76],"psychoactive":[77],"metabolites.":[78],"is":[80,85,96],"primarily":[81],"a":[82],"pro-drug":[83],"dephosphorylated":[86],"alkaline":[88],"phosphatase":[89],"active":[91],"metabolite":[92,105],"psilocin.":[93],"then":[97],"further":[98],"metabolized,":[99],"psilocin-O-glucuronide":[100],"being":[101],"urinary":[104],"with":[106],"clinical":[107],"forensic":[109],"diagnosis.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2017-01-26T00:00:00"}