{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2570663405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53543/jeps.vol8iss2pp249-257","title":"Revision of Guilford Formula to Correct Item Difficulty for Guessing in Multiple Choice Test Items","display_name":"Revision of Guilford Formula to Correct Item Difficulty for Guessing in Multiple Choice Test Items","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2570663405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53543/jeps.vol8iss2pp249-257","mag":"2570663405"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.53543/jeps.vol8iss2pp249-257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53543/jeps.vol8iss2pp249-257","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.53543/jeps.vol8iss2pp249-257","pdf_url":"https://journals.squ.edu.om/index.php/jeps/article/download/865/848","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764385365","display_name":"Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS]","issn_l":"2218-6506","issn":["2218-6506","2521-7046"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319258","host_organization_name":"Sultan Qaboos University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319258"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sultan Qaboos University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journals.squ.edu.om/index.php/jeps/article/download/865/848","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041500034","display_name":"\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041500034"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.39767011,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"248","last_page":"249"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12884","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Pedagogy","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/item-difficulty-estimation","display_name":"item difficulty estimation","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guessing-correction","display_name":"guessing correction","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-choice-questions","display_name":"multiple-choice questions","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incomplete-knowledge","display_name":"incomplete knowledge","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-taking","display_name":"risk-taking","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/item-response-theory","display_name":"item response theory","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-item-scoring","display_name":"test item scoring","score":0.48899999260902405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176730311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867668","display_name":"Multiple choice","level":3,"score":0.7686190605163574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.701744019985199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6834980845451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4355366826057434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3969029188156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.269137442111969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20780757069587708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018023364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Significant difference","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.53543/jeps.vol8iss2pp249-257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53543/jeps.vol8iss2pp249-257","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.53543/jeps.vol8iss2pp249-257","pdf_url":"https://journals.squ.edu.om/index.php/jeps/article/download/865/848","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764385365","display_name":"Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS]","issn_l":"2218-6506","issn":["2218-6506","2521-7046"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319258","host_organization_name":"Sultan Qaboos University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319258"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sultan Qaboos University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.24200/jeps.vol8iss2pp249-257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.24200/jeps.vol8iss2pp249-257","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.24200/jeps.vol8iss2pp249-257","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764385365","display_name":"Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS]","issn_l":"2218-6506","issn":["2218-6506","2521-7046"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319258","host_organization_name":"Sultan Qaboos University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319258"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sultan Qaboos University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS]","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.12816/0014338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.12816/0014338","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.12816/0014338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764385365","display_name":"Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS]","issn_l":"2218-6506","issn":["2218-6506","2521-7046"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319258","host_organization_name":"Sultan Qaboos University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319258"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sultan Qaboos University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9ebef9a4627b43799deb38e2803d060a","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9ebef9a4627b43799deb38e2803d060a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies, Vol 8, Iss 2, Pp 249-257 (2014)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.53543/jeps.vol8iss2pp249-257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53543/jeps.vol8iss2pp249-257","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.53543/jeps.vol8iss2pp249-257","pdf_url":"https://journals.squ.edu.om/index.php/jeps/article/download/865/848","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764385365","display_name":"Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies [JEPS]","issn_l":"2218-6506","issn":["2218-6506","2521-7046"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319258","host_organization_name":"Sultan Qaboos University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319258"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sultan Qaboos University"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2570663405.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2570663405.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W91664308","https://openalex.org/W181501423","https://openalex.org/W619497239","https://openalex.org/W1972418462","https://openalex.org/W2009681151","https://openalex.org/W2084965597","https://openalex.org/W2095133145","https://openalex.org/W2109673012","https://openalex.org/W2137589464","https://openalex.org/W2139617990","https://openalex.org/W2142848355"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2749483455","https://openalex.org/W2586433106","https://openalex.org/W3033075613","https://openalex.org/W435823399","https://openalex.org/W4387622294","https://openalex.org/W4225341664","https://openalex.org/W4399897291","https://openalex.org/W2077113175","https://openalex.org/W2758070741","https://openalex.org/W2050322205"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"original":[1],"Guilford":[2],"formula":[3,57,80],"for":[4,16,101],"estimation":[5,38,48],"of":[6,105,109],"multiple":[7],"choice":[8],"item":[9,110],"difficulty":[10],"was":[11,20],"based":[12,22,35,53,70],"on":[13,23,36,40,54,71],"a":[14],"penalty":[15,19],"guessing.":[17],"This":[18],"originally":[21],"completely":[24],"random":[25],"or":[26],"blind":[27],"guessing,":[28,87],"which":[29,58],"means":[30],"that":[31],"it":[32],"is":[33,49,92],"purely":[34],"mathematical":[37],"and":[39,46,74,90],"significantly":[41],"violated":[42],"assumptions.":[43],"While":[44],"authentic":[45],"fair":[47],"expected":[50],"to":[51,63,86],"be":[52],"mixed":[55],"scoring":[56],"adds":[59],"another":[60],"correction":[61,83],"factor":[62],"integrate":[64],"measurement":[65],"theory":[66,69,111],"with":[67,81],"decision":[68],"partial":[72,88],"knowledge":[73,89],"risk-":[75],"taking":[76],"behavior.":[77],"A":[78],"new":[79],"two":[82],"factors":[84],"related":[85],"risk-taking":[91],"presented":[93],"in":[94],"this":[95],"paper.":[96],"Further":[97],"studies":[98],"are":[99],"suggested":[100],"reviewing":[102],"the":[103,106],"validation":[104],"main":[107],"assumptions":[108],"models.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2017-01-13T00:00:00"}