{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2569899509","doi":null,"title":"Identification of Action Units Related to Affective States in a Tutoring System for Mathematics.","display_name":"Identification of Action Units Related to Affective States in a Tutoring System for Mathematics.","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2569899509","mag":"2569899509"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2569899509","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.ifets.info/journals/19_2/7.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187377680","display_name":"Educational Technology & Society","issn_l":"1176-3647","issn":["1176-3647","1436-4522"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Educational Technology & Society","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.ifets.info/journals/19_2/7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020699595","display_name":"Gustavo Padr\u00f3n-Rivera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1955-3989","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1955-3989"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gustavo Padr\u00f3n-Rivera","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1955-3989","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074022713","display_name":"Genaro Rebolledo\u2010Mendez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3214-0935","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3214-0935"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Genaro Rebolledo\u2010Mendez","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3214-0935","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052468811","display_name":"Pilar Pozos Parra","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pilar Pozos Parra","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037350738","display_name":"N. Sof\u00eda Huerta-Pacheco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3642-4812","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3642-4812"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Sof\u00eda Huerta-Pacheco","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3642-4812","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.426,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84654382,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"2","first_page":"77","last_page":"86"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.8184000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.8184000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.16740000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affective-computing","display_name":"affective computing","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression-recognition","display_name":"facial expression recognition","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-action-units","display_name":"facial action units","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affective-states","display_name":"affective states","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tutoring-systems","display_name":"tutoring systems","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-learning","display_name":"mathematics learning","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-emotions","display_name":"student emotions","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boredom","display_name":"boredom","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frustration","display_name":"frustration","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion","display_name":"confusion","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"flow","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/problem-solving","display_name":"problem solving","score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-technology","display_name":"educational technology","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonverbal-communication","display_name":"nonverbal communication","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-tutoring-systems","display_name":"adaptive tutoring systems","score":0.382999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-modeling","display_name":"student modeling","score":0.8370000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779812673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169251","display_name":"Sadness","level":3,"score":0.7348846197128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6011921167373657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5877002477645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5858184099197388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5282173156738281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.5154346227645874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30539005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066689","display_name":"Human communication","level":2,"score":0.4743436872959137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4266504943370819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4222542941570282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4190014898777008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.41684672236442566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.30576109886169434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2458420693874359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.1822274625301361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779302386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79871","display_name":"Anger","level":2,"score":0.16989043354988098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2569899509","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.ifets.info/journals/19_2/7.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187377680","display_name":"Educational Technology & Society","issn_l":"1176-3647","issn":["1176-3647","1436-4522"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Educational Technology & Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:2569899509","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.ifets.info/journals/19_2/7.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187377680","display_name":"Educational Technology & Society","issn_l":"1176-3647","issn":["1176-3647","1436-4522"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Educational Technology & Society","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6164000034332275,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W131993176","https://openalex.org/W1509934228","https://openalex.org/W1685250317","https://openalex.org/W1973965874","https://openalex.org/W1975961587","https://openalex.org/W2002607236","https://openalex.org/W2051716794","https://openalex.org/W2058064543","https://openalex.org/W2062733121","https://openalex.org/W2072035149","https://openalex.org/W2096363625","https://openalex.org/W2109901510","https://openalex.org/W2132199152","https://openalex.org/W2140526107","https://openalex.org/W2156503193","https://openalex.org/W2339343773","https://openalex.org/W2610680945"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513972099","https://openalex.org/W1980059013","https://openalex.org/W2060745254","https://openalex.org/W2965571429","https://openalex.org/W2490281416","https://openalex.org/W7010865541","https://openalex.org/W2546969396","https://openalex.org/W2060437700","https://openalex.org/W2995307094","https://openalex.org/W2375192158"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"A":[1],"facial":[2,143,520,534],"expression":[3,280],"is":[4,36,100,130,160,227,258,285,314,371,466],"a":[5,37,61,79,214,223,286,437,464,492,571,588],"fundamental":[6,80],"component":[7],"of":[8,39,53,63,82,98,163,172,175,225,240,246,281,289,320,326,386,415,424,449,456,462,491,502,504,514,528],"non-verbal":[9,74],"human":[10,30,57,83,116,425],"communication.":[11,75],"It":[12],"not":[13,453,577],"only":[14,222],"conveys":[15],"responses":[16],"to":[17,29,56,89,92,138,157,251,263,265,300,316,373,376,381,400,443,488,567,585],"external":[18],"stimuli":[19],"but":[20,436,575],"also":[21,542,562],"motivates":[22],"action":[23,515],"and":[24,27,54,65,85,118,146,201,236,248,269,328,379,392,396,418,440,526,551],"adds":[25],"meaning":[26],"richness":[28],"experiences.":[31],"Affective":[32],"computing":[33,368],"(Picard,":[34],"2000)":[35],"branch":[38],"computer":[40,106],"sciences":[41,107],"aimed":[42],"at":[43,410,508],"endowing":[44],"technology":[45,91,129,137,313,365,451],"with":[46,127,237,292,366,421,459,499,587],"mechanisms":[47],"for":[48],"the":[49,87,105,119,124,161,173,178,202,206,230,238,243,254,279,318,342,346,350,411,416,422,447,457,460,467,489,500,512,524,544,557],"recognition":[50,97,385,412,423,471,503,525],"of,":[51],"understanding":[52,527],"reaction":[55],"emotions.":[58],"Emotions":[59,113],"encompass":[60],"number":[62],"psychological":[64,397],"physiological":[66,148,395],"reactions":[67,303],"used":[68],"as":[69,168,197,345,518],"cues":[70,77],"by":[71,141,182,210,283,324,349],"others":[72],"in":[73,104,123,177,193,229,260,304,469,539,565,570],"These":[76],"are":[78],"part":[81,288],"communication":[84],"provide":[86],"rudiments":[88],"develop":[90,374],"detect":[93],"emotions":[94,99,140,176,191,203,226,247,426],"automatically.":[95],"The":[96,384,536],"an":[101],"open":[102],"problem":[103,413,501],"(El":[108],"Kaliouby":[109],"&":[110],"Robinson,":[111],"2005).":[112],"influence":[114],"all":[115,341],"activities,":[117],"learning":[120,179,207],"context":[121,468],"whether":[122],"classroom":[125],"or":[126,199,272,340],"educational":[128,183,211,231,252,293,312,364,450],"no":[131],"exception.":[132],"Previous":[133,402],"works":[134],"have":[135,554],"employed":[136,259],"recognize":[139,444],"processing":[142],"expressions,":[144],"speech":[145],"other":[147],"signals":[149],"(Shen":[150],"et":[151,165,186,217,275,358,428,483],"al.,":[152,276,359,429,484],"2009).":[153],"Of":[154],"particular":[155],"relevance":[156],"this":[158,234,261,540],"investigation":[159],"work":[162],"Craig":[164,185,216],"al.":[166,187,218],"(2004)":[167,188,219],"it":[169,370],"provides":[170],"indications":[171],"importance":[174],"process":[180,208],"mediated":[181,209],"technology.":[184,212],"distinguished":[189],"between":[190,242],"expressed":[192],"non-classroom":[194],"settings":[195],"such":[196,463],"joy":[198],"sadness":[200],"displayed":[204],"during":[205,446],"As":[213],"consequence,":[215],"proposed":[220,348],"that":[221,477,511,546],"sub-set":[224],"present":[228],"context.":[232],"Following":[233],"distinction":[235],"aim":[239],"distinguishing":[241],"bigger":[244],"set":[245],"those":[249],"specific":[250],"technology,":[253,294],"term":[255],"affective":[302,343,367,387,505,530,549,568,582],"states":[344,388,531],"paper":[262,475,497,541,561],"refer":[264],"boredom,":[266],"frustration,":[267],"confusion":[268],"cognitive":[270],"engagement":[271],"flow":[273],"(Craig":[274],"2004).":[277],"Although":[278],"affect":[282,405,445,494],"students":[284,336,481,547,586],"normal":[287],"their":[290],"interaction":[291],"they":[295],"could":[296,337,522],"be":[297],"more":[298],"inclined":[299],"stronger":[301],"situations":[305],"involving":[306],"problem-solving":[307],"activities.":[308],"In":[309],"these":[310,331,334,553,581],"contexts,":[311],"designed":[315],"encourage":[317],"resolutions":[319],"mathematical":[321],"problems":[322,458],"accompanied":[323],"cycles":[325],"mistakes":[327],"recovering":[329],"from":[330],"mistakes.":[332],"During":[333],"cycles,":[335],"experience":[338],"one":[339],"activities":[347,356],"tutoring":[351],"systems":[352],"often":[353],"offer":[354],"challenging":[355],"(D'Mello":[357],"2010).":[360],"To":[361],"fully":[362],"endow":[363],"capabilities":[369],"necessary":[372],"tools":[375],"recognize,":[377],"understand":[378],"react":[380],"students'":[382,529,558],"affect.":[383,401],"has":[389,406,433],"remained":[390],"elusive":[391],"focused":[393],"on":[394,404,533,556,579],"aspects":[398],"related":[399],"research":[403],"mainly":[407],"been":[408,434],"directed":[409],"because":[414],"difficulties":[417,487],"ambiguities":[419],"associated":[420],"(Ocumpaugh":[427],"2012).":[430],"Some":[431],"progress":[432],"made,":[435],"reliable,":[438],"autonomous":[439],"context-independent":[441],"solution":[442],"use":[448],"does":[452,576],"exist.":[454],"One":[455],"development":[461,490],"tool":[465],"which":[470],"takes":[472],"place.":[473],"This":[474,496,560],"assumes":[476],"cultural":[478,590],"differences":[479],"among":[480],"(Terzis":[482],"2013)":[485],"add":[486],"generalized":[493],"detector.":[495],"deals":[498],"states,":[506],"aiming":[507],"providing":[509],"evidence":[510],"employment":[513],"units":[516],"(conceived":[517],"universal":[519],"reactions)":[521],"aid":[523],"based":[532],"movements.":[535],"findings":[537],"presented":[538],"support":[543],"idea":[545],"undergo":[548],"trajectories":[550],"suggest":[552],"impact":[555],"learning.":[559],"offers":[563],"pointers":[564],"relation":[566],"display":[569],"Mexican":[572],"secondary":[573],"school":[574],"elaborate":[578],"how":[580],"displays":[583],"compare":[584],"different":[589],"background.":[591],"\u2026":[592]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2017-01-13T00:00:00"}