{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2566856472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44045.x","title":"Preface and Introduction","display_name":"Preface and Introduction","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2566856472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44045.x","mag":"2566856472"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44045.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44045.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44045.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8802318","display_name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0077-8923","issn":["0077-8923","1749-6632"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111847608","display_name":"Joseph R. Reeve","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108215","display_name":"VA West Los Angeles Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01xfgtq85","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210108215","https://openalex.org/I4210138663","https://openalex.org/I4210156876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JOSEPH REEVE","raw_affiliation_strings":["CURE: VA/UCLA Gastroenteric Biology Center UCLA School of Medicine and West Los Angeles Veterans Administration Center Los Angeles, California 90073"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CURE: VA/UCLA Gastroenteric Biology Center UCLA School of Medicine and West Los Angeles Veterans Administration Center Los Angeles, California 90073","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765","https://openalex.org/I4210108215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002985006","display_name":"Joyce M. Fried","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JOYCE FRIED","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California School of Medicine Los Angeles, California 90024-1722"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California School of Medicine Los Angeles, California 90024-1722","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113649428","display_name":"Viktor E. Eysselein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165985","display_name":"Harbor\u2013UCLA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05h4zj272","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328359107","https://openalex.org/I4210165985"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"VIKTOR EYSSELEIN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Division of Gastroenterology Torrance, California 90509"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbor-UCLA Medical Center Division of Gastroenterology Torrance, California 90509","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063975213","display_name":"Travis E. Solomon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2600-6948","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2600-6948"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154663","display_name":"Kansas City VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/050mdr969","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210154663","https://openalex.org/I4210165236"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"TRAVIS SOLOMON","raw_affiliation_strings":["VA Medical Center Kansas City, Missouri 64128"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VA Medical Center Kansas City, Missouri 64128","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154663"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109180275","display_name":"Vay Liang W. Go","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"VAY LIANG W. GO","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Brain Research Institute University of California School of Medicine Los Angeles, California 90024-1761"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Brain Research Institute University of California School of Medicine Los Angeles, California 90024-1761","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5080,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5080},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":126,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"713","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":null,"topics":[],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780708616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193866","display_name":"Annals","level":2,"score":0.525521993637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.5120440125465393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.4491640031337738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993838110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q494230","display_name":"Medical school","level":2,"score":0.4304463863372803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779463800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062222","display_name":"Center (category theory)","level":2,"score":0.42384737730026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4198911488056183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3359490633010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74916050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841090","display_name":"Classics","level":1,"score":0.19136014580726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.1302703619003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44045.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44045.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44045.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S8802318","display_name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0077-8923","issn":["0077-8923","1749-6632"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038744621","https://openalex.org/W4250530539"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-10-03T13:16:28.481748","created_date":"2017-01-06T00:00:00"}