{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2566577439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2016/v20i3.3","title":"The Imperative to Expand Provision, Access and Use of Misoprostol for Post-Abortion Care in sub-Saharan Africa","display_name":"The Imperative to Expand Provision, Access and Use of Misoprostol for Post-Abortion Care in sub-Saharan Africa","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2566577439","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2016/v20i3.3","mag":"2566577439","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29553188"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.29063/ajrh2016/v20i3.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2016/v20i3.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2016/v20i3.3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S22933603","display_name":"African Journal of Reproductive Health","issn_l":"1118-4841","issn":["1118-4841","2141-3606"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-1","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Reproductive Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2016/v20i3.3","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030237510","display_name":"Andrzej Kulczycki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9659-4488","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9659-4488"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrzej Kulczycki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor, Department of Health Care Organization & Policy, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 320 Ryals Public Health Bldg., 1665 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294-0022, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor, Department of Health Care Organization & Policy, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 320 Ryals Public Health Bldg., 1665 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294-0022, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030237510"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8537,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79494578,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"3","first_page":"22","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10600","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Contraception","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10600","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Contraception","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10209","display_name":"Global Maternal and Child Health","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13942","display_name":"International Human Rights and Reproductive Law","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misoprostol","display_name":"misoprostol","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-abortion-care","display_name":"post-abortion care","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsafe-abortion","display_name":"unsafe abortion","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sub-saharan-africa","display_name":"sub-Saharan Africa","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abortion-related-mortality","display_name":"abortion-related mortality","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-abortion-family-planning","display_name":"post-abortion family planning","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unmet-need-for-family-planning","display_name":"unmet need for family planning","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contraceptive-use","display_name":"contraceptive use","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abortion-law","display_name":"abortion law","score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illegal-abortion","display_name":"illegal abortion","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abortion-complications","display_name":"abortion complications","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-health-policy","display_name":"maternal health policy","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ghana","display_name":"Ghana","score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zambia","display_name":"Zambia","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nigeria","display_name":"Nigeria","score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uganda","display_name":"Uganda","score":0.3569999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778642596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8452","display_name":"Abortion","level":3,"score":0.8989416360855103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779199973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416025","display_name":"Misoprostol","level":4,"score":0.6817095875740051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778079182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1342132","display_name":"Unsafe abortion","level":5,"score":0.6735342144966125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6572971940040588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779076696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1280670","display_name":"Family planning","level":4,"score":0.6055607795715332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158886217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16799549","display_name":"Latin Americans","level":2,"score":0.4973895847797394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781360127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119225","display_name":"Abortion law","level":5,"score":0.4766331911087036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4600865840911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160050368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132453","display_name":"Developed country","level":3,"score":0.42995473742485046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.35617393255233765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3482606112957001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.2728983163833618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.16463708877563477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986817661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185698","display_name":"Research methodology","level":3,"score":0.0986250638961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0863473117351532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.29063/ajrh2016/v20i3.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2016/v20i3.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2016/v20i3.3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S22933603","display_name":"African Journal of Reproductive Health","issn_l":"1118-4841","issn":["1118-4841","2141-3606"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-1","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Reproductive Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:29553188","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29553188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African journal of reproductive health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:cria:bioline:rh:rh16031","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.bioline.org.br/abstract?id=rh16031","pdf_url":"http://www.bioline.org.br/pdf?rh16031","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402188","display_name":"Bioline International (Bioline International)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Reproductive Health (ISSN: 1118-4841) Vol 20 Num 3","raw_type":"ED"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.29063/ajrh2016/v20i3.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2016/v20i3.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.29063/ajrh2016/v20i3.3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S22933603","display_name":"African Journal of Reproductive Health","issn_l":"1118-4841","issn":["1118-4841","2141-3606"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-1","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321518","host_organization_name":"African Journals OnLine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321518"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["African Journals OnLine"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"African Journal of Reproductive Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.6025999784469604,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality"},{"score":0.5473999977111816,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2566577439.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2566577439.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098840754","https://openalex.org/W3088867157","https://openalex.org/W4205555030","https://openalex.org/W1480077910","https://openalex.org/W7019672346","https://openalex.org/W3125350358","https://openalex.org/W4230597273","https://openalex.org/W2095329647","https://openalex.org/W4247276649","https://openalex.org/W150305300"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,635,905,908,937,1037,1538,1618],"number":[1],"of":[2,26,78,84,101,156,158,201,209,226,261,302,329,439,507,556,585,619,652,710,782,943,945,957,983,1083,1127,1152,1172,1256,1290,1300,1305,1327,1430,1441,1476,1510,1540,1548,1569,1594],"maternal":[3,1267,1362,1376,1491,1564],"deaths":[4,211,263],"due":[5,218],"to":[6,81,110,124,194,219,230,264,275,293,308,401,448,483,533,536,553,565,572,581,626,659,663,668,676,725,742,758,765,772,786,805,808,885,894,911,918,931,968,1053,1063,1067,1108,1116,1183,1199,1208,1219,1229,1265,1272,1276,1339,1350,1361,1385,1389,1469,1517,1530,1545,1561,1581,1589,1614,1620,1628,1633,1643],"unsafe":[7,204,405,711,1257,1511],"abortions":[8,38,569],"has":[9,216,374,422,892,1297],"fallen":[10],"worldwide":[11],"since":[12,547],"the":[13,17,67,99,121,139,187,197,207,259,392,437,527,531,582,613,666,854,872,913,980,1020,1057,1061,1081,1113,1117,1124,1142,1222,1407,1428,1434,1438,1474,1546,1592,1610,1637],"early":[14],"1990s1.":[15],"However,":[16,344,849,1465],"situation":[18,914,972,1358],"in":[19,142,150,221,235,243,247,271,277,298,358,370,389,408,415,426,436,503,530,612,704,732,778,824,868,877,915,921,1141,1168,1192,1233,1325,1427,1433,1456,1467,1473,1522,1542,1605],"sub-Saharan":[20],"Africa":[21,504,916,1169],"(SSA)":[22],"remains":[23,57,60,250],"a":[24,70,231,317,492,649,762,861,955,1382,1497,1599],"source":[25],"great":[27],"concern":[28],"for":[29,48,104,350,429,459,473,496,500,541,558,622,750,864,949,1012,1091,1148,1165,1202,1374,1602],"multiple":[30],"reasons:":[31],"abortion":[32,56,105,249,254,297,362,376,520,681,712,867,1258,1321,1604],"rates":[33,83,176,255,1304],"have":[34,96,177,294,546,756,1027,1402,1641],"not":[35,590,754,940],"fallen,":[36],"clandestine":[37,224,1341],"are":[39,183,192,240,256,382,399,469,609,639,1190,1197,1245,1252,1259,1535,1579,1587],"common":[40,1324],"and":[41,44,72,88,93,106,120,133,179,199,253,300,332,341,353,367,386,410,433,451,467,481,521,570,597,604,632,648,671,688,696,706,715,768,780,799,831,845,874,880,897,902,925,935,947,965,976,987,989,995,1014,1032,1050,1060,1093,1123,1131,1134,1154,1196,1212,1235,1254,1287,1293,1309,1317,1335,1342,1348,1354,1370,1378,1397,1410,1432,1449,1461,1472,1486,1493,1507,1519,1525,1532,1571,1613,1635],"often":[42,383,1333,1412,1425,1451],"deadly,":[43],"post-abortion":[45,333,1556],"care":[46,603,1243,1250,1534,1549,1597],"(PAC)":[47],"women":[49,157,290,388,751,800,986,1013,1026],"experiencing":[50],"problems":[51],"from":[52,404,1070,1406],"spontaneous":[53],"or":[54,1006,1332],"induced":[55],"deficient.":[58],"Abortion":[59],"largely":[61,251],"outlawed":[62,252],"nearly":[63],"everywhere2,":[64],"which":[65,114,373,928,1136,1158,1394],"pushes":[66],"practice":[68],"into":[69,992,1139,1453,1645],"dangerous":[71,1347],"shadowy":[73],"underground":[74],"market.":[75],"This":[76,971,1016,1074,1103,1261,1357],"confluence":[77],"factors":[79],"leads":[80],"high":[82,167,1288,1298],"preventable":[85],"abortionrelated":[86],"morbidity":[87,1492],"mortality.":[89,1363,1494],"Additionally,":[90],"both":[91,1137],"domestic":[92],"transnational":[94],"groups":[95],"lobbied":[97],"against":[98,108],"expansion":[100],"legal":[102,284,576,1315,1439],"indications":[103],"even":[107,357,1462],"access":[109,580,741,757,884,1239,1468,1529],"family":[111,180,334,926,1557],"planning":[112,181,1558],"services3,":[113],"could":[115,729,1001,1039,1559],"help":[116,195,664,677,1076,1220,1280,1489,1560,1582,1590],"reduce":[117,186,196,672,1490,1508,1563],"unintended":[118,933,1301],"pregnancies":[119,934],"frequent":[122],"resort":[123],"abortion.":[125,205,1512],"Contraceptive":[126],"uptake":[127],"lags":[128],"behind":[129],"other":[130,1213],"world":[131,140,532],"regions":[132],"unmet":[134,164,348,1247],"need":[135,165,771,917,1147],"is":[136,315,322,337,434,452,477,486,588,657,720,761,770,887,929,939,952,1017,1146,1159,1217,1240,1322,1330,1345,1366,1381,1424,1450,1496,1514,1622],"high,":[137],"double":[138],"average;":[141],"28":[143],"SSA":[144,345,416,1296,1328],"countries,":[145,173,420],"including":[146,691,735,822],"all":[147,1400],"but":[148,258,890,1204],"one":[149,942,1392],"West":[151],"Africa,":[152,372],"fewer":[153],"than":[154,1329],"25%":[155],"childbearing":[159],"age":[160],"used":[161,447,564,605],"contraception,":[162],"with":[163,360,601,713,738,975,1282,1437,1575],"as":[166,168,273,365,455,491,847,1096,1098,1112,1416,1418,1598],"36%4.":[169],"In":[170,279,417,523],"many":[171,418,550,610,1395],"African":[172,319,419,505,544,1025,1118,1170],"contraceptive":[174,693,1307,1470],"prevalence":[175],"stagnated":[178],"efforts":[182,625,656,1264],"weak.":[184],"To":[185],"public":[188,922,1047,1078,1100,1371,1435],"health":[189,594,670,790,923,997,1035,1048,1101,1156,1186,1242,1249,1268,1284,1311,1355,1372,1573],"burden,":[190],"policies":[191],"needed":[193,400,1218,1580,1588],"incidence":[198],"consequences":[200],"abortion,":[202,406,1442],"especially":[203,870,1271,1608],"Globally,":[206],"ratio":[208,260],"abortion-related":[210,222,262,330],"per":[212],"100,000":[213],"live":[214,265],"births":[215,266],"declined":[217],"improvements":[220,1466],"technology,":[223],"use":[225,414,806],"abortion-inducing":[227],"drugs":[228,442],"and,":[229],"lesser":[232],"extent,":[233],"increases":[234],"improved":[236],"PAC.":[237,542,759],"These":[238,999],"developments":[239],"most":[241,888,1024,1536],"apparent":[242],"Latin":[244],"America":[245],"whereas":[246],"SSA,":[248,395,869],"similar5,":[257],"was":[267,445],"estimated":[268,292],"at":[269,871,900,1609],"10/100,000":[270],"2008,":[272],"opposed":[274],"80":[276],"Africa1.":[278],"Africa\u2019s":[280],"largest":[281],"country,":[282],"despite":[283],"restrictions,":[285],"approximately":[286],"1.25":[287],"million":[288],"Nigerian":[289],"were":[291],"had":[295],"an":[296,323,339,456,721,783,1149,1367,1386,1443],"2012":[299],"40%":[301],"them":[303],"experienced":[304],"complications":[305,331,403,685,1069],"serious":[306],"enough":[307],"require":[309],"treatment6.":[310],"Abortion-related":[311],"mortality":[312,1292,1377],"(and":[313],"morbidity)":[314],"becoming":[316],"particularly":[318,407,621,1201,1232,1515],"problem.":[320],"PAC":[321,355,380,559,779,820,886,1365,1423,1531],"effective":[324,554,633,692,784,1616],"intervention,":[325],"involving":[326],"emergency":[327],"treatment":[328,709,1601],"planning7,8.":[335],"It":[336,485,1513],"also":[338,488,1040,1161,1554],"ethical":[340],"humanitarian":[342,1369],"imperative.":[343],"endures":[346],"major":[347,1283],"needs":[349,1251],"accessible,":[351],"quality,":[352],"sustainable":[354],"services,":[356,821],"countries":[359,545,1281],"permissive":[361],"laws":[363],"such":[364,474,574,1111],"Ghana":[366],"Zambia.":[368],"Even":[369],"South":[371],"legalized":[375],"on":[377,514,615,1043,1120,1129,1179,1226,1393,1399],"broad":[378],"grounds,":[379],"services":[381,1471,1479],"substandard.":[384],"Poor":[385],"rural":[387,409,736,879,1234,1524],"particular":[390,1421],"suffer":[391],"consequences.":[393],"Across":[394],"innovative,":[396],"low-cost":[397,723],"solutions":[398],"manage":[402],"remote":[411],"areas.":[412],"Misoprostol":[413,444,476,499,561,587,745,1164],"misoprostol":[421,535,557,714,807,1596],"recently":[423],"become":[424],"well-known":[425],"hospital":[427],"settings":[428,1544],"various":[430],"obstetric":[431],"uses":[432],"included":[435],"Ministry":[438],"Health\u2019s":[440],"essential":[441,538,930,1160],"list10.":[443],"originally":[446],"treat":[449,1068],"ulcers":[450],"increasingly":[453],"viewed":[454],"important":[457,1018,1198],"medication":[458],"postpartum":[460],"hemorrhage.":[461,811],"Its":[462],"safety,":[463],"effectiveness,":[464],"appropriate":[465,829],"regimens,":[466],"acceptability":[468],"now":[470,487,640],"well":[471,1097,1417],"established":[472],"purpose.":[475],"heat-stable,":[478],"relatively":[479],"inexpensive,":[480],"easy":[482],"administer.":[484],"being":[489],"seen":[490],"potentially":[493],"viable":[494],"option":[495,863],"Andrzej":[497,1162],"Kulczycki":[498,1163],"post-Abortion":[501,1166],"Care":[502,1167],"Journal":[506,1171],"Reproductive":[508,1132,1173,1188],"Health":[509,1133,1174],"September":[510,1175],"2016":[511,1176],"(Special":[512,1177],"Edition":[513,1178],"SDGs);":[515,1180],"20(3):":[516,1181],"23":[517],"treating":[518,865],"incomplete":[519,866,1414,1603],"miscarriage11-13.":[522],"2009,":[524],"Nigeria":[525],"became":[526],"first":[528,567],"country":[529],"add":[534],"its":[537,628,1318],"medicines":[539],"list":[540],"Other":[543],"followed,":[548],"yet":[549,893,1642],"barriers":[551],"exist":[552],"deployment":[555],"(MPAC).":[560],"can":[562,682,802,816,840,1501],"be":[563,599,675,730,747,803,895,919,1002,1340],"induce":[566],"trimester":[568],"resistance":[571],"making":[573],"procedures":[575],"may":[577,598,1279,1488],"inadvertently":[578],"block":[579],"life-saving":[583],"potential":[584],"MPAC.":[586,679,1585],"typically":[589],"obtained":[591],"through":[592,1269],"regular":[593],"service":[595,616],"channels":[596],"associated":[600,1125],"substandard":[602],"incorrectly.":[606],"Furthermore,":[607,812],"there":[608,769],"gaps":[611],"literature":[614],"delivery":[617,1593],"aspects":[618],"misoprostol,":[620],"MPAC,":[623,1231],"hindering":[624],"institutionalize":[627],"more":[629,1323],"widespread":[630],"safe":[631],"use.":[634],"Millennium":[636],"Development":[637,645],"Goals":[638,646],"replaced":[641],"by":[642,954,1004,1482,1550],"17":[643],"Sustainable":[644],"(SDGs)":[647],"new":[650,1639],"phase":[651],"extending":[653],"international":[654,1109,1484],"development":[655,781],"about":[658,852,959,1056,1080,1458],"begin.":[660],"One":[661],"way":[662,906],"realize":[665],"goal":[667],"improve":[669,912,1266],"inequities":[673],"would":[674,1075,1262,1553],"ensure":[678],"Incomplete":[680],"cause":[683],"lifethreatening":[684],"without":[686],"well-timed":[687],"proper":[689],"treatment,":[690],"method":[694],"provision":[695,788,1475],"counseling.":[697],"Recent":[698],"studies":[699],"indicate":[700],"no":[701],"significant":[702],"differences":[703],"effectiveness":[705],"safety":[707],"between":[708],"surgical":[716,726,743,1533],"intervention.":[717],"Thus,":[718],"MPAC":[719,760,787,823,842,991,1045,1278,1478,1495,1541],"effective,":[722,1630],"alternative":[724],"techniques":[727],"that":[728,795,1023,1445,1500,1636],"applied":[731],"lowresource":[733],"settings,":[734,826],"areas":[737,882],"severely":[739],"restricted":[740],"care.":[744,998],"should":[746,1104],"readily":[748],"available":[749],"who":[752,1552],"do":[753],"otherwise":[755],"pragmatic":[763],"response":[764],"physician":[766,1503],"shortages":[767,1286],"build":[773,1221],"additional":[774],"evidence":[775,1224],"supporting":[776],"task-shifting":[777],"approach":[785,1388],"across":[789],"system":[791,1312],"levels.":[792],"We":[793],"know":[794],"community-based":[796],"birth":[797],"attendants":[798],"themselves":[801],"trained":[804],"prevent":[809],"post-partum":[810],"mid-level":[813],"providers":[814,1052,1244],"(MLPs)":[815],"safely":[817,846],"provide":[818,1041,1555,1584],"first-line":[819],"outpatient":[825,1543],"if":[827],"given":[828,1019,1624],"training":[830],"sufficient":[832],"support.":[833],"A":[834],"recent":[835],"Ugandan":[836],"study":[837],"showed":[838],"midwives":[839],"offer":[841],"equally":[843],"effectively":[844,898],"physicians14.":[848],"findings":[850],"centered":[851,1455],"Kampala,":[853],"capital":[855],"city.":[856],"Misoprostol\u2019s":[857],"characteristics":[858],"make":[859],"it":[860,1337,1344],"smart":[862],"district":[873,1518],"sub-hospital":[875,1520,1611],"levels":[876,1289,1299,1521],"remote,":[878,1523],"impoverished":[881,1526],"where":[883,1238,1528],"restricted,":[889],"this":[891,1390,1629],"demonstrated":[896],"operationalized":[899],"mid-":[901],"lower-level":[903,1606],"facilities.":[904],"forward":[907],"next":[909],"steps":[910],"taken":[920],"systems":[924],"planning,":[927],"preventing":[932],"abortions.":[936,1073],"problem":[938],"just":[941],"lack":[944],"resources":[946],"capacity":[948],"implementation;":[950],"action":[951,1065],"pre-empted":[953],"mix":[956],"fears":[958],"confronting":[960],"cultural":[961],"stigma,":[962],"turf":[963],"issues,":[964],"inertia,":[966],"leading":[967],"risk":[969],"aversion.":[970],"requires":[973,1088],"working":[974],"empowering":[977],"MLPs,":[978],"educating":[979],"full":[981],"range":[982],"providers,":[984],"informing":[985],"communities,":[988],"incorporating":[990],"routine":[993],"reproductive":[994,1030,1034,1092,1155,1248,1572],"primary":[996,1600],"actions":[1000],"supplemented":[1003],"encouraging":[1005],"requiring":[1007],"open-ended,":[1008],"judgementfree":[1009],"informational":[1010,1577],"counseling":[1011,1578],"communities.":[1015],"limited":[1021],"control":[1022],"over":[1028],"their":[1029,1352,1419],"lives":[1031],"poor":[1033,1236],"knowledge.":[1036],"counselling":[1038],"information":[1042],"how":[1044,1227],"addresses":[1046],"concerns,":[1049],"embolden":[1051],"speak":[1054],"out":[1055],"costs":[1058,1509],"involved":[1059],"means":[1062],"take":[1064],"immediately":[1066],"unsafely":[1071],"performed":[1072],"alter":[1077],"perceptions":[1079],"benefits":[1082],"misoprostol.":[1084],"Achieving":[1085],"further":[1086],"progress":[1087],"continued":[1089],"advocacy":[1090],"sexual":[1094,1153,1570],"rights,":[1095,1157],"sound":[1099],"programming.":[1102],"include":[1105],"better":[1106,1583],"adherence":[1107],"conventions":[1110],"Maputo":[1114],"Protocol":[1115],"Charter":[1119],"women\u2019s":[1121],"rights":[1122,1189,1195,1574],"Plan":[1126],"Action":[1128],"Sexual":[1130],"Rights,":[1135],"came":[1138],"force":[1140],"last":[1143],"decade15.":[1144],"There":[1145,1380],"expansive":[1150,1567],"view":[1151,1568],"24":[1182],"reducing":[1184,1375],"glaring":[1185],"inequalities.":[1187],"rooted":[1191],"basic":[1193],"human":[1194],"health,":[1200],"women,":[1203],"they":[1205],"remain":[1206],"subject":[1207],"powerful":[1209],"social,":[1210],"political,":[1211],"determinants.":[1214],"More":[1215],"research":[1216],"weak":[1223,1310],"base":[1225],"best":[1228],"operationalize":[1230,1591],"communities":[1237],"limited,":[1241],"fewer,":[1246],"greatest,":[1253],"risks":[1255],"highest.":[1260],"strengthen":[1263],"task-shifting,":[1270],"midwives,":[1273],"whose":[1274],"ability":[1275],"administer":[1277],"workforce":[1285],"pregnancy-related":[1291],"morbidity.":[1294,1379],"Conclusion":[1295],"pregnancy,":[1302],"low":[1303],"modern":[1306],"use,":[1308],"capacity.":[1313],"Despite":[1314],"restrictions":[1316],"controversial":[1319],"nature,":[1320],"much":[1326,1447],"acknowledged":[1331],"realized,":[1334],"because":[1336],"tends":[1338],"unsafe,":[1343],"frequently":[1346],"costly":[1349],"individuals,":[1351],"families,":[1353],"systems.":[1356],"contributes":[1359],"substantially":[1360],"Consequently,":[1364],"ethical,":[1368],"obligation":[1373],"strategic":[1383],"logic":[1384],"incremental":[1387],"issue,":[1391],"people":[1396],"advocates":[1398],"sides":[1401],"ideal":[1403],"points":[1404],"far":[1405],"status":[1408,1440],"quo,":[1409],"legislators":[1411],"hold":[1413],"information,":[1415],"own":[1420],"agendas.":[1422],"connected":[1426],"minds":[1429],"politicians":[1431],"consciousness":[1436],"issue":[1444],"sparks":[1446],"passion":[1448],"insinuated":[1452],"politics":[1454],"arguments":[1457],"gender,":[1459],"religion,":[1460],"national":[1463],"identity.":[1464],"quality":[1477,1595],"(as":[1480],"permitted":[1481],"law,":[1483],"treaties":[1485],"conventions)":[1487],"promising":[1498],"intervention":[1499,1632],"mitigate":[1502],"shortages,":[1504],"save":[1505],"resources,":[1506],"pertinent":[1516],"areas,":[1527],"restricted.":[1537],"addition":[1539],"regimen":[1547],"MLPs":[1551],"significantly":[1562],"illhealth.":[1565],"An":[1566],"open-ended":[1576],"Studies":[1586],"facilities,":[1607],"level,":[1612],"scale-up":[1615],"approaches.":[1617],"time":[1619],"act":[1621],"now,":[1623],"insufficient":[1625],"attention":[1626],"paid":[1627],"lowcost":[1631],"date":[1634],"UN\u2019s":[1638],"SDGs":[1640],"come":[1644],"force.":[1646]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2017-01-06T00:00:00"}