{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2564412977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/38/11/018","title":"The Arithmetic of Scientific Uncertainty","display_name":"The Arithmetic of Scientific Uncertainty","publication_year":1987,"publication_date":"1987-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2564412977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/38/11/018","mag":"2564412977"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0031-9112/38/11/018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/38/11/018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/38/11/018","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9112/38/11/018/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764513482","display_name":"Physics Bulletin","issn_l":"0031-9112","issn":["0031-9112"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9112/38/11/018/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087843776","display_name":"Silvio Oscar Funtowicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0399-1471","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0399-1471"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvio O Funtowicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Directors of the Research Methods Consultancy Ltd, Sheffield"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Directors of the Research Methods Consultancy Ltd, Sheffield","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108493406","display_name":"Jerome R. Ravetz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jerome R Ravetz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Directors of the Research Methods Consultancy Ltd, Sheffield"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Directors of the Research Methods Consultancy Ltd, Sheffield","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3134,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85264735,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"11","first_page":"412","last_page":"414"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":0.7860999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":0.7860999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.03709999844431877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.024900000542402267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-uncertainty","display_name":"scientific uncertainty","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-handling","display_name":"uncertainty management","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notational-systems","display_name":"notational systems","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-assessment","display_name":"risk assessment","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-policy","display_name":"environmental policy","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-quantification","display_name":"uncertainty quantification","score":0.5789999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.7338957190513611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4227750599384308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3388434946537018}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/0031-9112/38/11/018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/38/11/018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/38/11/018","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9112/38/11/018/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764513482","display_name":"Physics Bulletin","issn_l":"0031-9112","issn":["0031-9112"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/0031-9112/38/11/018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/38/11/018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/38/11/018","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0031-9112/38/11/018/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764513482","display_name":"Physics Bulletin","issn_l":"0031-9112","issn":["0031-9112"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physics Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2564412977.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2564412977.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2318753082","https://openalex.org/W6959950627","https://openalex.org/W7061813796","https://openalex.org/W1977320093","https://openalex.org/W7096061661","https://openalex.org/W2496821368","https://openalex.org/W6992025940","https://openalex.org/W2495765310","https://openalex.org/W2026212418","https://openalex.org/W7112858618"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Managing":[0],"uncertainty":[1],"is":[2],"familiar":[3],"to":[4,36],"all":[5],"physical":[6],"scientists,":[7],"but":[8],"its":[9],"associated":[10],"problems":[11],"are":[12],"acute":[13],"in":[14],"the":[15,24,29],"newer":[16],"fields":[17],"of":[18],"policy-related":[19],"research,":[20],"including":[21],"risks":[22],"and":[23],"environment.":[25],"In":[26],"this":[27],"article,":[28],"authors":[30],"describe":[31],"a":[32],"notational":[33],"system":[34],"developed":[35],"cope":[37],"with":[38],"such":[39],"difficult":[40],"situations":[41]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2017-01-06T00:00:00"}