{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2563423322","doi":null,"title":"Online Three-Class Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound-Based Brain Computer Interface","display_name":"Online Three-Class Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound-Based Brain Computer Interface","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2563423322","mag":"2563423322"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/70373","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/70373","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/ae622214-d972-4132-904c-8aa0ff7aef32/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400261","display_name":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/ae622214-d972-4132-904c-8aa0ff7aef32/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058938639","display_name":"Anuja Goyal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anuja Goyal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058938639"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-doppler","display_name":"transcranial Doppler","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-computer-interface","display_name":"brain-computer interface","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-blood-flow-velocity","display_name":"cerebral blood flow velocity","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemispheric-asymmetry","display_name":"hemispheric lateralization","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-class-classification","display_name":"three-class classification","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-impairment","display_name":"visual impairment","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-transfer-rate","display_name":"information transfer rate","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-classification","display_name":"online classification","score":0.4729999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.8504590392112732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191616109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3512319","display_name":"Transcranial Doppler","level":2,"score":0.7277327179908752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5555979609489441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.549312949180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.4568936824798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.41230762004852295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3974573314189911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3534146845340729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.28177276253700256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.22944262623786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.17853856086730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1545422375202179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0887923538684845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.07532498240470886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/70373","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/70373","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/ae622214-d972-4132-904c-8aa0ff7aef32/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400261","display_name":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2563423322","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/70373/1/Goyal_Anuja_201511_MHSc_thesis.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/70373","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/70373","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/ae622214-d972-4132-904c-8aa0ff7aef32/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400261","display_name":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2563423322.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W420162301","https://openalex.org/W1488979667","https://openalex.org/W1572082328","https://openalex.org/W1587053050","https://openalex.org/W1592330708","https://openalex.org/W1964304409","https://openalex.org/W1984501331","https://openalex.org/W1999667678","https://openalex.org/W2013181124","https://openalex.org/W2014915963","https://openalex.org/W2024731389","https://openalex.org/W2029386843","https://openalex.org/W2043040151","https://openalex.org/W2062500193","https://openalex.org/W2062973559","https://openalex.org/W2066303625","https://openalex.org/W2068049759","https://openalex.org/W2070956290","https://openalex.org/W2076456816","https://openalex.org/W2077455051","https://openalex.org/W2077644748","https://openalex.org/W2085634547","https://openalex.org/W2086165221","https://openalex.org/W2096365100","https://openalex.org/W2122149860","https://openalex.org/W2131943041","https://openalex.org/W2133246866","https://openalex.org/W2164655776","https://openalex.org/W2168116598","https://openalex.org/W2344925548"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2276799505","https://openalex.org/W2625444967","https://openalex.org/W2754092447","https://openalex.org/W2070956290","https://openalex.org/W2013181124","https://openalex.org/W2219093522","https://openalex.org/W1902004323","https://openalex.org/W1964304409","https://openalex.org/W2621898542","https://openalex.org/W2043040151"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transcranial":[0],"Doppler":[1],"ultrasound":[2],"(TCD)":[3],"is":[4,82],"an":[5,117],"imaging":[6],"technique":[7],"used":[8,19,65],"to":[9,20,46,57,94],"assess":[10],"cerebral":[11],"blood":[12,55],"flow":[13,56],"velocities":[14],"(CBFV)":[15],"and":[16,67,90,111,129],"can":[17],"be":[18],"develop":[21],"a":[22,35,78,95,144],"brain":[23],"computer":[24],"interface":[25],"(BCI).":[26],"Generally":[27],"in":[28,38,40,44,53,116],"right-handed":[29],"individuals,":[30],"verbal":[31,66],"cognitive":[32],"tasks":[33,51,69,102],"elicit":[34],"greater":[36,54],"increase":[37],"CBFV":[39],"the":[41,47,58,74,92,141],"left":[42],"hemisphere":[43],"comparison":[45],"right":[48,59],"while":[49],"spatial":[50,68,75],"result":[52],"hemisphere.":[60],"Previous":[61],"TCD-BCI":[62,120,148],"systems":[63],"have":[64],"as":[70,113],"control":[71,114],"signals;":[72],"however,":[73],"task":[76],"required":[77],"visual":[79,88,107],"cue,":[80],"which":[81],"not":[83,105],"feasible":[84],"for":[85],"those":[86],"with":[87],"impairments":[89],"restricts":[91],"BCI":[93],"system-paced":[96],"paradigm.":[97],"Therefore,":[98],"new":[99],"right-side":[100],"lateralized":[101],"that":[103],"do":[104],"require":[106],"cues":[108],"were":[109],"investigated":[110],"evaluated":[112],"signals":[115],"online":[118,124,147],"three-class":[119],"system.":[121,149],"An":[122],"average":[123],"accuracy":[125],"of":[126,133,143],"62.4\u00b110.8%":[127],"(n=10)":[128],"information":[130],"transfer":[131],"rate":[132],"1.08\u00b10.69":[134],"bits/min":[135],"was":[136],"achieved.":[137],"These":[138],"results":[139],"demonstrate":[140],"feasibility":[142],"user-paced,":[145],"vision-free,":[146]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-12T09:15:50.089291","created_date":"2017-01-06T00:00:00"}
