{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2563224409","doi":null,"title":"SUBJECTIVE AND INDIRECT METHODS TO OBSERVE DRIVER\u2019S DROWSINESS AND ALERTNESS: AN OVERVIEW","display_name":"SUBJECTIVE AND INDIRECT METHODS TO OBSERVE DRIVER\u2019S DROWSINESS AND ALERTNESS: AN OVERVIEW","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2563224409","mag":"2563224409"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:09fb3c35732f4a7b826cd531cb534d32","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/09fb3c35732f4a7b826cd531cb534d32","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol 11, Iss Sp. Iss. on ICE & ICIE 2015, Pp 28-39 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doaj.org/article/09fb3c35732f4a7b826cd531cb534d32","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019692988","display_name":"Nor Kamaliana Khamis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6761-159X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6761-159X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"NOR KAMALIANA K.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021035210","display_name":"Baba Md Deros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4927-9212","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4927-9212"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"BABA MD DEROS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021650598","display_name":"Dieter Hermann Schramm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7945-1853","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7945-1853"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"DIETER SCHRAMM","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraesse 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany","University of Duisburg-Essen"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraesse 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Duisburg-Essen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017588477","display_name":"Benjamin Hesse","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"BENJAMIN HESSE","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraesse 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany","University of Duisburg-Essen"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraesse 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Duisburg-Essen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062797468","display_name":"Mohd Zaki Nuawi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MOHD ZAKI NUAWI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046492850","display_name":"Faizul Rizal Ismail","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"FAIZUL RIZAL ISMAIL","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","Universiti Kebangsaan,#R##N#Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Kebangsaan,#R##N#Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.861,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74705194,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driver-fatigue","display_name":"driver fatigue","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleepiness","display_name":"sleepiness","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alertness","display_name":"alertness","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driver-workload","display_name":"driver workload","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subjective-evaluation","display_name":"subjective evaluation","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indirect-assessment","display_name":"indirect assessment","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fatigue-countermeasures","display_name":"fatigue countermeasures","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fatigue-related-accidents","display_name":"fatigue-related accidents","score":0.7710000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200678441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423044","display_name":"Alertness","level":2,"score":0.9684542417526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.42607975006103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3842318654060364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.35852521657943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3048747181892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.04442018270492554}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:09fb3c35732f4a7b826cd531cb534d32","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/09fb3c35732f4a7b826cd531cb534d32","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol 11, Iss Sp. Iss. on ICE & ICIE 2015, Pp 28-39 (2016)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:09fb3c35732f4a7b826cd531cb534d32","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/09fb3c35732f4a7b826cd531cb534d32","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, Vol 11, Iss Sp. Iss. on ICE & ICIE 2015, Pp 28-39 (2016)","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6240000128746033,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8303726","https://openalex.org/W76740200","https://openalex.org/W197066864","https://openalex.org/W254030361","https://openalex.org/W395912880","https://openalex.org/W595412424","https://openalex.org/W1558376262","https://openalex.org/W1963503887","https://openalex.org/W1977529245","https://openalex.org/W1981114614","https://openalex.org/W1982936514","https://openalex.org/W1989175224","https://openalex.org/W1989938372","https://openalex.org/W2000558865","https://openalex.org/W2001681512","https://openalex.org/W2002191852","https://openalex.org/W2017247606","https://openalex.org/W2035052070","https://openalex.org/W2035352557","https://openalex.org/W2042733038","https://openalex.org/W2047590643","https://openalex.org/W2049315796","https://openalex.org/W2049738726","https://openalex.org/W2050107338","https://openalex.org/W2053200890","https://openalex.org/W2058775387","https://openalex.org/W2068010321","https://openalex.org/W2068546047","https://openalex.org/W2076438803","https://openalex.org/W2076517931","https://openalex.org/W2090487395","https://openalex.org/W2092547186","https://openalex.org/W2119387472","https://openalex.org/W2120263268","https://openalex.org/W2121834594","https://openalex.org/W2126665658","https://openalex.org/W2149413165","https://openalex.org/W2166181237","https://openalex.org/W2188942604","https://openalex.org/W2524254611","https://openalex.org/W2533287817"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3110747623","https://openalex.org/W4414010733","https://openalex.org/W4393974514","https://openalex.org/W4401109718","https://openalex.org/W609094519","https://openalex.org/W2150463764","https://openalex.org/W1996754940","https://openalex.org/W4381988482","https://openalex.org/W2064219150","https://openalex.org/W2197448364"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,30],"measurement":[1],"of":[2,17,32,41,94,139,152],"drivers'":[3],"workload":[4],"has":[5],"great":[6],"interest":[7],"these":[8],"days":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,26,36,49,115],"the":[12,27,38,80,100,130,134,137,150],"following":[13],"reasons:":[14],"high":[15],"numbers":[16],"accidents":[18],"seemingly":[19],"ineradicable,":[20],"very":[21],"costly,":[22],"and":[23,44,48,59,77,92,96,113],"largely":[24],"attributable":[25],"human":[28],"factor.":[29],"objective":[31],"this":[33,85],"review":[34,123],"is":[35],"assess":[37],"current":[39],"status":[40],"fatigue":[42,118],"performance":[43],"detection":[45],"technology":[46],"research":[47],"identify":[50],"any":[51],"pertinent":[52],"issues.":[53],"Twenty-six":[54],"relevant":[55],"studies":[56,88],"were":[57,79],"identified":[58],"chosen":[60],"from":[61],"electronic":[62],"databases,":[63],"dating":[64],"as":[65,68,144,146],"far":[66],"back":[67],"1997.":[69],"Fatigue,":[70],"drowsiness,":[71],"alertness,":[72],"sleepiness,":[73],"subjective,":[74],"direct":[75],"method":[76],"driver":[78,101],"keyword":[81],"search":[82,138],"terms":[83],"for":[84,102,110,141,155],"paper.":[86],"Past":[87],"demonstrated":[89],"various":[90],"purposes":[91],"implementation":[93],"subjective":[95],"indirect":[97],"assessment":[98],"among":[99,120],"evaluating":[103],"fatigue.":[104],"It":[105],"provides":[106],"a":[107,126],"better":[108],"understanding":[109],"future":[111,142],"researchers":[112],"industry":[114],"deal":[116],"with":[117],"issues":[119],"drivers.":[121],"This":[122],"will":[124],"provide":[125,147],"critical":[127],"discussion":[128],"on":[129],"designs":[131],"used,":[132],"discuss":[133],"findings":[135],"in":[136],"directions":[140],"studies,":[143],"well":[145],"insights":[148],"into":[149],"use":[151],"counter":[153],"measures":[154],"preventing":[156],"fatigue-related":[157],"accidents.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2017-01-06T00:00:00"}
