{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2563199241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-016-0827-8","title":"How to embed an epistemic modal: Attitude problems and other defects of character","display_name":"How to embed an epistemic modal: Attitude problems and other defects of character","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2563199241","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-016-0827-8","mag":"2563199241"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11098-016-0827-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-016-0827-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-016-0827-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11098-016-0827-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147022693","display_name":"Philosophical Studies","issn_l":"0031-8116","issn":["0031-8116","1573-0883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Philosophical Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11098-016-0827-8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054189628","display_name":"Alex Silk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9341-9411","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9341-9411"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alex Silk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Philosophy, University of Birmingham, ERI Building, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy, University of Birmingham, ERI Building, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054189628"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"fwci":8.4715,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97553859,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"174","issue":"7","first_page":"1773","last_page":"1799"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.6226000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10034","display_name":"Syntax, Semantics, Linguistic Variation","score":0.6226000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.30079999566078186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.05299999937415123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemic-modals","display_name":"epistemic modals","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embeddings","display_name":"embeddings","score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextualism","display_name":"contextualism","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attitude-ascriptions","display_name":"attitude ascriptions","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-interpretation","display_name":"local interpretation","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conventionalization","display_name":"conventionalization","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pragmatic-reasoning","display_name":"pragmatic reasoning","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relativism","display_name":"relativism","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expressivism","display_name":"expressivism","score":0.847000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781118685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783193","display_name":"Contextualism","level":3,"score":0.945580005645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.7793078422546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6657643914222717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5830519795417786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48314727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560570","display_name":"Modal verb","level":3,"score":0.5826301574707031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123556308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484761","display_name":"Philosophy of language","level":3,"score":0.5155977606773376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185305159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83188","display_name":"Relativism","level":2,"score":0.5004544258117676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.4981074333190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.47947415709495544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4176052212715149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182744844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35277","display_name":"Metaphysics","level":2,"score":0.3638473153114319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.359635591506958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.21824699640274048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13882142305374146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776397901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24905","display_name":"Verb","level":2,"score":0.13527634739875793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1348564326763153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11098-016-0827-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-016-0827-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-016-0827-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11098-016-0827-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147022693","display_name":"Philosophical Studies","issn_l":"0031-8116","issn":["0031-8116","1573-0883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Philosophical Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:philpapers.org/rec/SILHTE","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://philpapers.org/rec/SILHTE","pdf_url":"https://philpapers.org/archive/SILHTE.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:philarchive.org/rec/SILHTE","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://philarchive.org/rec/SILHTE","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/310440ac-fa8c-4596-a798-fa0af291dd77","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/310440ac-fa8c-4596-a798-fa0af291dd77","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Silk, A 2017, 'How to embed an epistemic modal : attitude problems and other defects of character', Philosophical Studies, vol. 174, no. 7, pp. 1773\u20131799. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-016-0827-8","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11098-016-0827-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-016-0827-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11098-016-0827-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11098-016-0827-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147022693","display_name":"Philosophical Studies","issn_l":"0031-8116","issn":["0031-8116","1573-0883"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Philosophical Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8660258360","display_name":"Context-Sensitivity in Natural Language","funder_award_id":"AH/N001877/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334609","funder_display_name":"Arts and Humanities Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320332","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334609","display_name":"Arts and Humanities Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0505m1554"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2563199241.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2563199241.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":123,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16565971","https://openalex.org/W34181982","https://openalex.org/W65218976","https://openalex.org/W125608618","https://openalex.org/W150305430","https://openalex.org/W188861278","https://openalex.org/W203372379","https://openalex.org/W227986323","https://openalex.org/W235421917","https://openalex.org/W566918026","https://openalex.org/W572104821","https://openalex.org/W582745502","https://openalex.org/W640438717","https://openalex.org/W767412562","https://openalex.org/W863527219","https://openalex.org/W1482713139","https://openalex.org/W1483741266","https://openalex.org/W1485390866","https://openalex.org/W1487587913","https://openalex.org/W1509297014","https://openalex.org/W1514506388","https://openalex.org/W1528249173","https://openalex.org/W1532287897","https://openalex.org/W1573378450","https://openalex.org/W1589793382","https://openalex.org/W1597941049","https://openalex.org/W1604749688","https://openalex.org/W1622302876","https://openalex.org/W1711163617","https://openalex.org/W1758153655","https://openalex.org/W1947214432","https://openalex.org/W1964521610","https://openalex.org/W1968835945","https://openalex.org/W1969317601","https://openalex.org/W1972462102","https://openalex.org/W1983411968","https://openalex.org/W1985740662","https://openalex.org/W1990769626","https://openalex.org/W1993657247","https://openalex.org/W1993692503","https://openalex.org/W1993816644","https://openalex.org/W1997256649","https://openalex.org/W1998549149","https://openalex.org/W2008074204","https://openalex.org/W2008689565","https://openalex.org/W2023846115","https://openalex.org/W2032848446","https://openalex.org/W2032990724","https://openalex.org/W2036574644","https://openalex.org/W2040605120","https://openalex.org/W2040608363","https://openalex.org/W2042518004","https://openalex.org/W2047831834","https://openalex.org/W2052463383","https://openalex.org/W2055426460","https://openalex.org/W2057041173","https://openalex.org/W2059229561","https://openalex.org/W2062693504","https://openalex.org/W2067838843","https://openalex.org/W2069085255","https://openalex.org/W2073937160","https://openalex.org/W2080814527","https://openalex.org/W2094298389","https://openalex.org/W2101249265","https://openalex.org/W2119970852","https://openalex.org/W2121243963","https://openalex.org/W2122379446","https://openalex.org/W2124902738","https://openalex.org/W2125269174","https://openalex.org/W2125791099","https://openalex.org/W2125898126","https://openalex.org/W2136643611","https://openalex.org/W2141101471","https://openalex.org/W2142947219","https://openalex.org/W2144626948","https://openalex.org/W2154641895","https://openalex.org/W2157385211","https://openalex.org/W2159071049","https://openalex.org/W2166507188","https://openalex.org/W2168625885","https://openalex.org/W2189586684","https://openalex.org/W2317366634","https://openalex.org/W2475397453","https://openalex.org/W2476891637","https://openalex.org/W2477451699","https://openalex.org/W2483431901","https://openalex.org/W2494721484","https://openalex.org/W2496925761","https://openalex.org/W2500539371","https://openalex.org/W2521359307","https://openalex.org/W2523708459","https://openalex.org/W2917275041","https://openalex.org/W2944053932","https://openalex.org/W3129694546","https://openalex.org/W3197942147","https://openalex.org/W3216492967","https://openalex.org/W4230003597","https://openalex.org/W4234407466","https://openalex.org/W4235542278","https://openalex.org/W4237840130","https://openalex.org/W4238457602","https://openalex.org/W4240431742","https://openalex.org/W4241555329","https://openalex.org/W4244640479","https://openalex.org/W4246432294","https://openalex.org/W4246951427","https://openalex.org/W4251951494","https://openalex.org/W4252911675","https://openalex.org/W4253368920","https://openalex.org/W4255490690","https://openalex.org/W4255751795","https://openalex.org/W4256382116","https://openalex.org/W4300613024","https://openalex.org/W6608259068","https://openalex.org/W6629022473","https://openalex.org/W6630351033","https://openalex.org/W6642387335","https://openalex.org/W6678691746","https://openalex.org/W6761095332","https://openalex.org/W6792577042","https://openalex.org/W6827521035","https://openalex.org/W6857953830","https://openalex.org/W7086618490"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4241737900","https://openalex.org/W2783924410","https://openalex.org/W2166507188","https://openalex.org/W2728818693","https://openalex.org/W2122379446","https://openalex.org/W2521432877","https://openalex.org/W2083353647","https://openalex.org/W7098764129","https://openalex.org/W33925818","https://openalex.org/W2780916758"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,156],"develops":[2],"a":[3,81,87,107,112],"contextualist":[4,88,109,164],"account":[5,165],"of":[6,30,60,76,103,111,119,125,145,151],"certain":[7,168],"recalcitrant":[8],"embedding":[9,101,129],"phenomena":[10,130],"with":[11,131,167],"epistemic":[12,39,104,132],"modals.":[13],"I":[14,93],"focus":[15],"on":[16,80],"three":[17],"prominent":[18],"objections":[19],"to":[20,36,44,55],"contextualism":[21,26,34,53],"from":[22,106],"embedding:":[23],"first,":[24],"that":[25,33,52,95],"mischaracterizes":[27],"subjects\u2019":[28],"states":[29],"mind;":[31],"second,":[32],"fails":[35,54],"predict":[37],"how":[38,161],"modals":[40,105,133],"are":[41],"obligatorily":[42],"linked":[43],"the":[45,57,74,99,143,149,162],"subject":[46],"in":[47,67,153],"attitude":[48],"ascriptions;":[49],"and":[50,122,140,148],"third,":[51],"explain":[56],"persisting":[58],"anomalousness":[59],"so-called":[61],"\u201cepistemic":[62],"contradictions\u201d":[63],"(Yalcin":[64],"2007":[65],")":[66],"suppositional":[68],"contexts.":[69,127],"Contextualists":[70],"have":[71],"inadequately":[72],"appreciated":[73],"force":[75],"these":[77],"objections.":[78],"Drawing":[79],"more":[82],"general":[83,117],"framework":[84],"for":[85,115],"implementing":[86],"theory":[89],"(Silk":[90],"2016a":[91],"),":[92],"argue":[94],"we":[96],"can":[97],"derive":[98],"distinctive":[100],"behavior":[102],"particular":[108],"interpretation":[110],"standard":[113],"semantics":[114],"modals,":[116],"mechanisms":[118],"local":[120],"interpretation,":[121],"typical":[123],"features":[124],"discourse":[126],"Examining":[128],"raises":[134],"difficult":[135],"broader":[136],"issues":[137],"about":[138],"conventionalization":[139],"pragmatic":[141],"reasoning,":[142],"varieties":[144],"context-sensitive":[146],"language,":[147],"roles":[150],"context":[152],"interpretation.":[154],"The":[155],"concludes":[157],"by":[158],"briefly":[159],"examining":[160],"proposed":[163],"compares":[166],"relativist/expressivist":[169],"accounts.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2017-01-06T00:00:00"}
