{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2563070852","doi":null,"title":"The Social Impact of the Earned Income Tax Credit","display_name":"The Social Impact of the Earned Income Tax Credit","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2563070852","mag":"2563070852"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2563070852","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://neumann.hec.ca/pages/eduardo.fajnzylber/fichiers/fajnzylber_EEA.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013378147","display_name":"Eduardo Fajnzylber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7890-5406","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7890-5406"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108192572","display_name":"HEC Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05ww3wq27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108192572"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Fajnzylber","raw_affiliation_strings":["HEC MONTREAL"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7890-5406","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HEC MONTREAL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108192572"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013378147"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108192572"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8344,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77091034,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13888","display_name":"Social Policies and Family","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earned-income-tax-credit","display_name":"Earned Income Tax Credit","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-force-participation","display_name":"labor force participation","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-mothers","display_name":"single mothers","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spillover-effects","display_name":"spillover effects","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-multiplier","display_name":"social multiplier","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-policy","display_name":"welfare policy","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-incentives","display_name":"work incentives","score":0.6159999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777281377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1036463","display_name":"Earned income tax credit","level":3,"score":0.8786532878875732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.6365448236465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.6296958923339844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6111775636672974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5437033176422119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.5042144060134888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777022163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7980969","display_name":"Welfare reform","level":3,"score":0.5034500956535339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778083465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693464","display_name":"Cash","level":2,"score":0.48865655064582825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019420479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204559","display_name":"Single mothers","level":2,"score":0.4852335453033447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.4621492326259613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.45708394050598145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778502840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16669466","display_name":"Cash transfers","level":3,"score":0.44954556226730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162077342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062630","display_name":"Tax credit","level":2,"score":0.43630513548851013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19159745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828395","display_name":"Social policy","level":2,"score":0.42957332730293274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.3006778359413147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.10784298181533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.08106368780136108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2563070852","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://neumann.hec.ca/pages/eduardo.fajnzylber/fichiers/fajnzylber_EEA.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.9211000204086304},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.8928999900817871},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509198870","https://openalex.org/W1549030146","https://openalex.org/W1568005792","https://openalex.org/W1581099491","https://openalex.org/W1966981305","https://openalex.org/W1975411855","https://openalex.org/W2011848218","https://openalex.org/W2107295826","https://openalex.org/W2119494993","https://openalex.org/W2120779648","https://openalex.org/W2127282306","https://openalex.org/W2127629883","https://openalex.org/W2131460490","https://openalex.org/W2143316642","https://openalex.org/W2150642212","https://openalex.org/W2157800636","https://openalex.org/W2889738356","https://openalex.org/W2889983377","https://openalex.org/W2890818893","https://openalex.org/W2891179299","https://openalex.org/W2891375463","https://openalex.org/W3022304801","https://openalex.org/W3122728017","https://openalex.org/W3122852679","https://openalex.org/W3124089980"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2157844820","https://openalex.org/W155185434","https://openalex.org/W6964462202","https://openalex.org/W7096618830","https://openalex.org/W3074798817","https://openalex.org/W7100632399","https://openalex.org/W4390072246","https://openalex.org/W2098683450","https://openalex.org/W7098264723","https://openalex.org/W2594633512"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Currently,":[0],"the":[1,8,14,21,42,46,58,74,78,90,111,115,119,135,143,146,150,154,159,164,167,172,185,189,214,218,225,234],"Earned":[2],"Income":[3],"Tax":[4],"Credit":[5],"(EITC)":[6],"is":[7,54],"most":[9,68],"expensive":[10],"cash-assistance":[11],"program":[12,79],"in":[13,24,41,128,177,202,224,233],"U.S.,":[15],"while":[16],"also":[17],"representing":[18],"one":[19,94],"of":[20,60,77,114,124,137,142,145,153,158,166,181,188,199,217,227,238],"main":[22,173],"changes":[23],"recent":[25,48],"welfare":[26,49],"policy":[27],"by":[28,117,183],"providing":[29],"positive":[30,100,138],"incentives":[31],"for":[32,206],"work":[33,85,97],"to":[34,96,191,204,229],"families":[35],"with":[36,130],"children.":[37],"Both":[38],"its":[39],"expansion":[40,187,220],"early":[43],"1990s,":[44],"and":[45,195,252],"more":[47],"reform":[50],"legislation":[51],"suggest":[52,212],"there":[53],"strong":[55],"concern":[56],"regarding":[57],"impact":[59,113,144,152,216],"assistance":[61],"programs":[62],"on":[63,73,80,89,102,163],"labor":[64,81,120,235],"force":[65,82,121,236],"participation.":[66],"While":[67],"EITC":[69,116,147,190,219],"research":[70],"has":[71,86],"focused":[72],"direct":[75],"eect":[76,251],"participation,":[83],"little":[84],"been":[87],"done":[88],"indirect":[91],"eects:":[92],"encouraging":[93],"woman":[95],"may":[98],"have":[99],"spillovers":[101],"other":[103],"eligible":[104],"women.":[105],"In":[106,134],"this":[107,179],"paper,":[108],"we":[109],"estimate":[110],"social":[160],"comparing":[118],"participation":[122,132,237],"decisions":[123],"single":[125,200,239],"mothers":[126,201],"living":[127],"neighborhoods":[129],"dierent":[131],"rates.":[133],"presence":[136],"spillovers,":[139],"previous":[140],"estimates":[141],"would":[148],"underestimate":[149],"program.":[155],"The":[156],"size":[157],"multiplierwill":[161],"depend":[162],"intensity":[165],"interactions.":[169],"We":[170],"overcome":[171],"identi\u2026cation":[174],"issues":[175],"involved":[176],"estimating":[178],"type":[180],"eect,":[182],"exploiting":[184],"1993":[186],"construct":[192],"an":[193,222],"instrument":[194],"a":[196,246,253],"short":[197],"panel":[198],"California":[203],"allow":[205],"individual":[207],"\u2026xed":[208],"eects.":[209],"Our":[210],"\u2026ndings":[211],"that":[213],"was":[221],"increase":[223],"range":[226],"2.2":[228],"3.2":[230],"percentage":[231],"points":[232],"mothers,":[240],"which":[241],"can":[242],"be":[243],"decomposed":[244],"into":[245],"(precisely":[247],"estimated)":[248],"1.1%":[249,254],"private":[250],"-":[255],"2.1%":[256],"spillover":[257],"eect.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2017-01-06T00:00:00"}
