{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2562829147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2014.11906748","title":"Sand Mining Impacts on Heavy Metal Concentrations in Two Important River Systems of Northern Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa","display_name":"Sand Mining Impacts on Heavy Metal Concentrations in Two Important River Systems of Northern Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2562829147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2014.11906748","mag":"2562829147"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09709274.2014.11906748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2014.11906748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2014.11906748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181827","display_name":"Journal of Human Ecology","issn_l":"0970-9274","issn":["0970-9274","2456-6608"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324169648","host_organization_name":"Kamla Raj Enterprises","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324169648"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Kamla Raj Enterprises"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Human Ecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087363248","display_name":"Srinivasan S. Pillay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7585-3225","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7585-3225"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srinivasan Pillay","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban4000, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban4000, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086539097","display_name":"Kuben Naidoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-2202","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-2202"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160825796","display_name":"Mangosuthu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/054r97095","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160825796"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuben Naidoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Nature Conservation and Ecology, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P.O. Box 12363, Jacobs, 4026, Durban, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Nature Conservation and Ecology, Mangosuthu University of Technology, P.O. Box 12363, Jacobs, 4026, Durban, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160825796"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017096961","display_name":"Ajay Bissessur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2055-1347","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2055-1347"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ajay Bissessur","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban4000, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban4000, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012529301","display_name":"Na\u2019eem Hoosen Agjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3454-3498","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3454-3498"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naeem Agjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban4000, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban4000, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101983781","display_name":"Kamleshan Pillay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0045-000X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0045-000X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamleshan Pillay","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban4000, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban4000, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078057500","display_name":"Brittany Purves","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brittany Purves","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban4000, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban4000, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113793081","display_name":"Renelle Karen. Pillay","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renelle Pillay","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban4000, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban4000, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051060203","display_name":"Hari Ballabh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6608-1515","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6608-1515"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95023434","display_name":"University of KwaZulu-Natal","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzfn040","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hari Ballabh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban4000, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban4000, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95023434"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.46,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65709513,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"2","first_page":"155","last_page":"162"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.9672999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.9672999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11634","display_name":"Water Quality and Pollution Assessment","score":0.01549999974668026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10447","display_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","score":0.0035000001080334187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sand-mining","display_name":"sand mining","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metals","display_name":"heavy metals","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/river-sediments","display_name":"river sediments","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sediment-texture","display_name":"sediment texture","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kwazulu-natal","display_name":"KwaZulu-Natal","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contamination-factor","display_name":"contamination factor","score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pollution-load-index","display_name":"pollution load index","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enrichment-factor","display_name":"enrichment factor","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrients","display_name":"nutrients","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead","display_name":"lead","score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper","display_name":"copper","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manganese","display_name":"manganese","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/river-habitat","display_name":"riverine habitat","score":0.4860000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.47607913613319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.42161253094673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776053758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105789","display_name":"Heavy metals","level":2,"score":0.4200751483440399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16674752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1370637","display_name":"Mining engineering","level":1,"score":0.38864976167678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.3386234939098358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3008831739425659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3005496859550476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.057506561279296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/09709274.2014.11906748","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2014.11906748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2014.11906748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181827","display_name":"Journal of Human Ecology","issn_l":"0970-9274","issn":["0970-9274","2456-6608"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["norway-1","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4324169648","host_organization_name":"Kamla Raj Enterprises","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4324169648"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Kamla Raj Enterprises"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Human Ecology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.7778000235557556},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land","score":0.4390000104904175}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496187190","https://openalex.org/W1531575019","https://openalex.org/W1535380492","https://openalex.org/W1588553151","https://openalex.org/W1972568665","https://openalex.org/W1992917125","https://openalex.org/W2017278584","https://openalex.org/W2033641136","https://openalex.org/W2058120047","https://openalex.org/W2071036316","https://openalex.org/W2076449792","https://openalex.org/W2081099945","https://openalex.org/W2092866871","https://openalex.org/W2093142558","https://openalex.org/W2098405152","https://openalex.org/W2126178076","https://openalex.org/W2130989357","https://openalex.org/W2142074275","https://openalex.org/W2150047175","https://openalex.org/W2151374861","https://openalex.org/W2155376248","https://openalex.org/W2161548533","https://openalex.org/W2221534461","https://openalex.org/W2296961396","https://openalex.org/W2736764543"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2528361220","https://openalex.org/W2051358219","https://openalex.org/W3168009995","https://openalex.org/W3198657180","https://openalex.org/W4313255412","https://openalex.org/W2262267369","https://openalex.org/W4225407127","https://openalex.org/W4383670163","https://openalex.org/W2118087275","https://openalex.org/W2932719174"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sand":[0],"mining":[1,40,116,176,194],"of":[2,10,38,49,93,100,108,113,175,188,192],"the":[3,36,87,90,98,103,106,114,122,149,154,164,171,179,186],"bed,":[4],"banks,":[5],"riparian":[6,78],"zone":[7],"and":[8,18,27,31,45,63,65,70,72,77,89,128,146,151,161,166,168],"floodplains":[9],"rivers":[11],"are":[12,80],"known":[13],"to":[14],"cause":[15],"major":[16],"morphological":[17],"hydrological":[19],"changes":[20],"that":[21,143],"impact":[22],"both":[23],"on":[24,28,41,202],"their":[25,73,198],"functioning":[26],"riverine":[29],"habitats":[30],"biota.":[32],"In":[33],"this":[34],"study,":[35],"impacts":[37,74,201],"sand":[39,115,193],"sediment":[42,190],"textural":[43],"characteristics":[44],"heavy":[46],"metal":[47],"concentrations":[48,107],"twelve":[50],"metals":[51,144],"(Al,":[52],"As,":[53],"Cr,":[54],"Cu,":[55],"Fe,":[56],"Pb,":[57],"Mn,":[58],"Ni,":[59],"P,":[60],"Ti,":[61],"V":[62],"Zn)":[64],"three":[66],"nutrients,":[67],"Ca,":[68],"Mg":[69,162],"P":[71,169],"for":[75,82,148,153,163,170,197],"instream":[76],"biota":[79],"presented":[81],"two":[83],"important":[84],"river":[85],"systems,":[86],"Mvoti":[88,104,150,165],"Mdloti":[91,155,172],"Rivers":[92],"KwaZulu-Natal,":[94],"South":[95],"Africa.":[96],"With":[97],"exception":[99],"Mn":[101],"in":[102,142],"system,":[105],"all":[109],"elements":[110],"increased":[111],"downstream":[112,174,203],"operations.":[117,177],"This":[118],"is":[119],"echoed":[120],"by":[121],"Contamination":[123],"Factor,":[124],"Combined":[125],"Pollution":[126,129],"Index,":[127],"Load":[130],"Index":[131],"analyses.":[132],"Enrichment":[133],"Factor":[134],"(EF)":[135],"analysis":[136],"indicates":[137],"a":[138],"slightly":[139],"variable":[140,180],"picture":[141],"Pb":[145],"Ti":[147],"Cu":[152],"as":[156,158],"well":[157],"nutrients":[159],"Ca":[160,167],"decreased":[173],"Despite":[178],"EF,":[181],"these":[182],"results":[183],"clearly":[184],"highlight":[185],"importance":[187],"monitoring":[189],"geochemistry":[191],"operations,":[195],"particularly":[196],"potential":[199],"hazardous":[200],"habitats.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2017-01-06T00:00:00"}
