{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2562681941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000453673","title":"Effect of AST-120 in Chronic Kidney Disease Treatment: Still a Controversy?","display_name":"Effect of AST-120 in Chronic Kidney Disease Treatment: Still a Controversy?","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2562681941","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000453673","mag":"2562681941","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27960172"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1159/000453673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000453673","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000453673","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393917655","display_name":"The Nephron journals/Nephron journals","issn_l":"1660-8151","issn":["1660-8151","2235-3186"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nephron","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036617653","display_name":"Junna Yamaguchi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junna Yamaguchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan","Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, and","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007057754","display_name":"Tetsuhiro Tanaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2238-4215","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2238-4215"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tetsuhiro Tanaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, and","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035573141","display_name":"Reiko Inagi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7032-7736","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7032-7736"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reiko Inagi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8682,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9655106,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"135","issue":"3","first_page":"201","last_page":"206"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10291","display_name":"Dialysis and Renal Disease Management","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10291","display_name":"Dialysis and Renal Disease Management","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10408","display_name":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10684","display_name":"Acute Kidney Injury Research","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ast-120","display_name":"AST-120","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-kidney-disease","display_name":"chronic kidney disease","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoxyl-sulfate","display_name":"indoxyl sulfate","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uremic-toxins","display_name":"uremic toxins","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dialysis-initiation","display_name":"dialysis initiation","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-outcomes","display_name":"cardiovascular outcomes","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renal-outcomes","display_name":"renal outcomes","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-trial-results","display_name":"clinical trial results","score":0.47200000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9100022315979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054718","display_name":"Kidney disease","level":2,"score":0.7591469287872314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779978075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202301","display_name":"Dialysis","level":2,"score":0.6646895408630371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.6397595405578613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6028808355331421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994496059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13365776","display_name":"Uremic toxins","level":3,"score":0.5606710314750671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54847362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177635","display_name":"Nephrology","level":2,"score":0.46449804306030273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203092338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340863","display_name":"Clinical endpoint","level":3,"score":0.4470081031322479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.442798376083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.41349244117736816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.33533406257629395}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000327","descriptor_name":"Adsorption","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002244","descriptor_name":"Carbon","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007200","descriptor_name":"Indican","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007564","descriptor_name":"Japan","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010087","descriptor_name":"Oxides","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014118","descriptor_name":"Toxins, Biological","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051436","descriptor_name":"Renal Insufficiency, Chronic","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051436","descriptor_name":"Renal Insufficiency, Chronic","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1159/000453673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000453673","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000453673","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393917655","display_name":"The Nephron journals/Nephron journals","issn_l":"1660-8151","issn":["1660-8151","2235-3186"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nephron","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27960172","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27960172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nephron","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W110530710","https://openalex.org/W1651661950","https://openalex.org/W1968830449","https://openalex.org/W1998522030","https://openalex.org/W2006980919","https://openalex.org/W2015181627","https://openalex.org/W2024714913","https://openalex.org/W2056191975","https://openalex.org/W2070332435","https://openalex.org/W2092497063","https://openalex.org/W2120048138","https://openalex.org/W2121288955","https://openalex.org/W2133991735","https://openalex.org/W2135869825","https://openalex.org/W2167578151","https://openalex.org/W2275183573","https://openalex.org/W2288864720","https://openalex.org/W2313035807","https://openalex.org/W2335211609"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998262546","https://openalex.org/W3106972712","https://openalex.org/W2133991735","https://openalex.org/W2781642544","https://openalex.org/W2911360068","https://openalex.org/W2584976364","https://openalex.org/W2590528272","https://openalex.org/W2339392286","https://openalex.org/W2890182727","https://openalex.org/W7009371342"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AST-120":[0,61,91,111],"(kremezin;":[1],"Kureha":[2],"Chemical,":[3],"Tokyo,":[4],"Japan)":[5],"is":[6],"an":[7],"oral":[8],"spherical":[9],"carbonaceous":[10],"adsorbent,":[11],"which":[12],"was":[13],"approved":[14],"for":[15],"clinical":[16,149],"use":[17],"in":[18,25,35,66,76,78,85,92,98],"Japanese":[19],"chronic":[20],"kidney":[21],"disease":[22],"(CKD)":[23],"patients":[24,99],"1991.":[26],"It":[27],"adsorbs":[28],"indole,":[29],"the":[30,36,79,88,94,108,130,143,147],"precursor":[31],"of":[32,87,90,96,110,132,146],"indoxyl":[33,40,64],"sulfate,":[34,44],"intestines":[37],"and":[38],"prevents":[39],"sulfate":[41,65],"production.":[42],"Indoxyl":[43],"initially":[45],"identified":[46],"as":[47,115,117],"a":[48,67],"major":[49,144],"uremic":[50,54],"toxin":[51],"that":[52,127],"causes":[53],"symptoms,":[55],"contributes":[56],"to":[57],"CKD":[58],"progression.":[59],"Since":[60],"decreases":[62],"serum":[63],"dose-dependent":[68],"manner,":[69],"multicenter":[70],"prospective":[71],"trials":[72,82,150],"have":[73],"been":[74],"conducted":[75],"Japan":[77],"1980s;":[80],"these":[81],"were":[83],"mostly":[84],"favor":[86],"efficacy":[89],"delaying":[93],"initiation":[95],"dialysis":[97],"with":[100],"advanced":[101],"stage":[102],"CKD.":[103],"Many":[104],"animal":[105],"studies":[106],"support":[107],"effects":[109],"on":[112,118,151],"renal":[113,134],"outcomes":[114,145],"well":[116],"cardiovascular":[119,137],"complications.":[120],"However,":[121],"there":[122],"are":[123],"yet":[124],"no":[125],"reports":[126],"unequivocally":[128],"demonstrate":[129],"improvement":[131],"hard":[133],"endpoints":[135],"and/or":[136],"endpoints.":[138],"This":[139],"commentary":[140],"briefly":[141],"reviews":[142],"recent":[148],"AST-120.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2017-01-06T00:00:00"}