{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2561448274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt.2016.7781026","title":"Practical issues of implementation of linear state estimator in WECC","display_name":"Practical issues of implementation of linear state estimator in WECC","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2561448274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt.2016.7781026","mag":"2561448274"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/isgt.2016.7781026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt.2016.7781026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt.2016.7781026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407086279","display_name":"IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Power &amp; Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044211780","display_name":"Lin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9358-0264","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9358-0264","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0533-6027"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electric Power Group, Pasadena, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electric Power Group, Pasadena, CA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100324378","display_name":"Heng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6256-4184","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6256-4184","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4466-2239"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electric Power Group, Pasadena, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electric Power Group, Pasadena, CA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ken Martin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ken Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electric Power Group, Pasadena, CA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electric Power Group, Pasadena, CA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111366410","display_name":"Anthony Faris","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294273899","display_name":"Bonneville Power Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/05mb2ak88","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294273899","https://openalex.org/I1330989302"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Faris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bonneville Power Administration, Vancouver, WA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bonneville Power Administration, Vancouver, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294273899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3215,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8591702,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phasor-measurement-units","display_name":"phasor measurement units","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-system-state-estimation","display_name":"power system state estimation","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/western-electricity-coordinating-council","display_name":"Western Electricity Coordinating Council","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series-capacitors","display_name":"series capacitors","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-line-modeling","display_name":"transmission line modeling","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-state-estimation","display_name":"real-time state estimation","score":0.5799999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176605952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827674","display_name":"Phasor","level":4,"score":0.924929678440094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984536560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818544","display_name":"State estimator","level":3,"score":0.5768599510192871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151233233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47574","display_name":"Units of measurement","level":2,"score":0.5740385055541992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.5171350836753845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5103446841239929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.5053480267524719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4590631127357483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45824500918388367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4563989043235779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.4526902139186859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4351058006286621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4225085973739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33441834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q693004","display_name":"Transmission line","level":2,"score":0.4175845682621002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.3869960308074951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3461828827857971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24904894828796387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24011799693107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1662158966064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.11948966979980469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1147451400756836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07693251967430115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/isgt.2016.7781026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt.2016.7781026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isgt.2016.7781026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407086279","display_name":"IEEE Power & Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Power &amp; Energy Society Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5702000260353088,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309913","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W208605634","https://openalex.org/W1598852905","https://openalex.org/W1973371394","https://openalex.org/W2017222881","https://openalex.org/W2036313374","https://openalex.org/W2083474752","https://openalex.org/W2095614845","https://openalex.org/W2114326242","https://openalex.org/W2114539957","https://openalex.org/W2127092656","https://openalex.org/W2143933250","https://openalex.org/W2144758948","https://openalex.org/W2168839444","https://openalex.org/W2481685489","https://openalex.org/W2523186090"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2342550863","https://openalex.org/W4316660383","https://openalex.org/W3183930394","https://openalex.org/W4200419022","https://openalex.org/W2810539078","https://openalex.org/W4402808143","https://openalex.org/W3049225989","https://openalex.org/W4385694761","https://openalex.org/W4402808037","https://openalex.org/W2786988365"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Phasor":[0],"Measurement":[1],"Units":[2],"(PMUs)":[3],"measure":[4],"voltage":[5],"and":[6,13,72,83,93,111],"current":[7],"phasors":[8],"at":[9,127],"the":[10,16,44,56,67,128],"same":[11,17],"time":[12],"relative":[14],"to":[15,25,32,75,125],"angle":[18],"reference,":[19],"so":[20],"that":[21],"it":[22,74,122],"is":[23,123],"feasible":[24],"use":[26],"a":[27,34,51],"Linear":[28],"State":[29],"Estimator":[30],"(LSE)":[31],"provide":[33],"full":[35],"system":[36,54],"solution":[37],"from":[38],"these":[39],"measurements.":[40],"This":[41,63,91],"paper":[42],"explores":[43],"practical":[45],"issues":[46,79],"of":[47,130],"LSE":[48,70,103,120],"implementation":[49],"using":[50],"phasor":[52],"measurement":[53],"in":[55,87,99],"Western":[57],"Electricity":[58],"Coordinating":[59],"Council":[60],"(WECC)":[61],"system.":[62],"project":[64],"started":[65],"with":[66,107,116],"Virginia":[68],"Tech":[69],"algorithm":[71],"enhanced":[73],"handle":[76],"some":[77,94],"special":[78],"like":[80],"series":[81],"capacitor":[82],"multiple":[84],"line":[85],"segments":[86],"one":[88],"transmission":[89],"line.":[90],"development":[92],"lessons":[95],"learned":[96],"are":[97],"presented":[98],"this":[100],"paper.":[101],"The":[102,119],"application":[104],"was":[105],"tested":[106],"simulated":[108],"PMU":[109,114],"data":[110,115],"recorded":[112],"field":[113],"good":[117],"results.":[118],"showed":[121],"able":[124],"solve":[126],"rate":[129],"60":[131],"frames":[132],"per":[133],"second.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2017-01-06T00:00:00"}
