{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2561410104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2016.00005","title":"Conceptualizing Special Educational Needs Using a Biopsychosocial Model in England: The Prospects and Challenges of Using the International Classification of Functioning Framework","display_name":"Conceptualizing Special Educational Needs Using a Biopsychosocial Model in England: The Prospects and Challenges of Using the International Classification of Functioning Framework","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2561410104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2016.00005","mag":"2561410104"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/feduc.2016.00005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2016.00005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2016.00005","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2016.00005/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596526815","display_name":"Frontiers in Education","issn_l":"2504-284X","issn":["2504-284X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2016.00005/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006242611","display_name":"Brahm Norwich","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-8829","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1852-8829"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brahm Norwich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Education, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Education, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006242611"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"],"apc_list":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"apc_paid":{"value":1950,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2353},"fwci":6.242,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9563352,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13447","display_name":"Educational and Psychological Assessments","score":0.3393999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13447","display_name":"Educational and Psychological Assessments","score":0.3393999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11097","display_name":"Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders","score":0.11620000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13131","display_name":"Collaborative Teaching and Inclusion","score":0.11559999734163284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/special-educational-needs","display_name":"special educational needs","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-classification-of-functioning-disability-and-health","display_name":"International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-classification-of-functioning-disability-and-health-for-children-and-youth","display_name":"ICF-CY","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biopsychosocial-model","display_name":"biopsychosocial model","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-assessment","display_name":"educational assessment","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-user-involvement","display_name":"service user involvement","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-education","display_name":"teacher professional development","score":0.6510000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115219716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917426","display_name":"International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health","level":3,"score":0.925277054309845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137886200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725568","display_name":"Biopsychosocial model","level":2,"score":0.6892087459564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.5769419074058533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.49000945687294006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.4858998656272888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.47275835275650024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4718449115753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988635931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7761689","display_name":"Special educational needs","level":3,"score":0.469880610704422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.43972644209861755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4165351986885071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.35935360193252563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.32414036989212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3103760778903961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24688249826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2280668318271637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2212824821472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.21311813592910767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28858896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212105","display_name":"Special education","level":2,"score":0.21305736899375916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16210675239562988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.11496749520301819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08732444047927856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/feduc.2016.00005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2016.00005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2016.00005","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2016.00005/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596526815","display_name":"Frontiers in Education","issn_l":"2504-284X","issn":["2504-284X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ore.exeter.ac.uk:10871/26064","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10871/26064","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401998","display_name":"Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","host_organization_name":"University of Exeter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ore.exeter.ac.uk:10871/24620","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10871/24620","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10871/24620","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401998","display_name":"Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","host_organization_name":"University of Exeter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/29724572","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Conceptualising_special_educational_needs_using_a_bio-psycho-social_model_in_England_the_prospects_and_challenges_of_using_the_International_Classification_of_Functioning_framework/29724572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/29727284","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Conceptualizing_Special_Educational_Needs_Using_a_Biopsychosocial_Model_in_England_The_Prospects_and_Challenges_of_Using_the_International_Classification_of_Functioning_Framework/29727284","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/feduc.2016.00005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2016.00005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2016.00005","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2016.00005/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596526815","display_name":"Frontiers in Education","issn_l":"2504-284X","issn":["2504-284X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8278999924659729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"},{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2561410104.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2561410104.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1818388273","https://openalex.org/W1953438301","https://openalex.org/W1963910015","https://openalex.org/W1983745179","https://openalex.org/W1984575244","https://openalex.org/W1988579916","https://openalex.org/W2005005356","https://openalex.org/W2013469580","https://openalex.org/W2022576079","https://openalex.org/W2023628666","https://openalex.org/W2028687856","https://openalex.org/W2039509772","https://openalex.org/W2041234081","https://openalex.org/W2053363274","https://openalex.org/W2064839319","https://openalex.org/W2066195356","https://openalex.org/W2073363439","https://openalex.org/W2083161947","https://openalex.org/W2093613431","https://openalex.org/W2093649447","https://openalex.org/W2094475391","https://openalex.org/W2096876358","https://openalex.org/W2097230744","https://openalex.org/W2100273246","https://openalex.org/W2100345591","https://openalex.org/W2105021019","https://openalex.org/W2122458328","https://openalex.org/W2126162961","https://openalex.org/W2132180285","https://openalex.org/W2138429326","https://openalex.org/W2139183846","https://openalex.org/W2140433334","https://openalex.org/W2147265487","https://openalex.org/W2166365510","https://openalex.org/W2254735081","https://openalex.org/W2321686957","https://openalex.org/W2328529531","https://openalex.org/W2334590005","https://openalex.org/W2337008260","https://openalex.org/W2547108056","https://openalex.org/W2588223304","https://openalex.org/W3126799563","https://openalex.org/W4237460358","https://openalex.org/W4289784198"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7159548194","https://openalex.org/W4300833527","https://openalex.org/W2889745603","https://openalex.org/W2031543538","https://openalex.org/W2015076141","https://openalex.org/W267978233","https://openalex.org/W2185658303","https://openalex.org/W2904510047","https://openalex.org/W7019680373","https://openalex.org/W2087432545"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"conceptual":[1,210],"paper":[2,38,68],"examines":[3,40],"the":[4,7,18,44,50,60,71,74,83,115,121,147,161,177,180,198,202,213,238,242,246,259,276,312],"issues":[5,130,196],"in":[6,15,149,164,173,197,266,300,325],"use":[8,145,163,200,315],"of":[9,28,49,53,73,146,168,179,189,212,217,240,245,316],"term":[10],"\u2018special":[11],"educational":[12,35,150,219],"needs\u2019":[13],"(SEN)":[14],"England":[16],"over":[17],"last":[19],"40":[20],"years":[21],"and":[22,46,56,152,166,170,201,221,226,248,275,302,314,323],"from":[23],"this":[24],"identifies":[25],"what":[26,42],"kind":[27],"additional":[29,263],"needs":[30,264],"principles":[31],"are":[32,291],"required":[33],"for":[34,102,123,153,185,204,254,261,311],"services.":[36],"The":[37,67,208,233],"then":[39],"to":[41,62,78,88,92,108,133,231,292,298,321],"extent":[43],"child":[45],"youth":[47],"version":[48],"International":[51],"Classification":[52],"Functioning,":[54],"Disability":[55],"Health":[57],"(ICF-CY)":[58],"has":[59,85,141,228],"potential":[61,72,310],"meet":[63],"these":[64,174,282],"assessment":[65,90,99,104,301,322],"principles.":[66],"illustrates":[69],"that":[70,80,281,307],"ICF-CY":[75,148,214],"by":[76,136],"reference":[77],"studies":[79,96],"show":[81,176,194],"how":[82,98,114,249],"ICF":[84,109,116,181,199,247,260,318],"been":[86,142],"used":[87],"enhance":[89],"relevant":[91],"programme":[93],"planning.":[94],"Several":[95],"showed":[97],"instruments":[100],"designed":[101],"diagnostic":[103],"could":[105],"be":[106,134,252,285,293],"linked":[107],"dimensions.":[110],"Other":[111],"projects":[112],"illustrated":[113],"framework":[117,265],"can":[118,251],"also":[119],"provide":[120],"basis":[122],"designing":[124],"dependable":[125],"measurement":[126,129],"questionnaires.":[127],"But,":[128],"still":[131],"need":[132,203],"addressed":[135],"further":[137],"development":[138,235,313],"research.":[139],"There":[140],"relatively":[143],"little":[144],"settings":[151],"eligibility":[154,268],"decisions":[155,269],"about":[156,273],"scarce":[157],"education":[158],"provision,":[159],"despite":[160],"ICF\u2019s":[162],"Portugal":[165],"parts":[167],"Italy":[169],"Switzerland.":[171],"Research":[172],"countries":[175],"usefulness":[178],"as":[182,295],"a":[183],"resource":[184],"decision-making,":[186],"but":[187],"analyses":[188],"Individual":[190],"Educational":[191],"Programmes":[192],"(IEPs)":[193],"fidelity":[195],"enhanced":[205],"teacher":[206],"training.":[207],"Swiss":[209,234],"expansion":[211],"takes":[215],"account":[216],"an":[218,262,317],"perspective":[220],"its":[222],"implementation":[223],"with":[224,287],"procedures":[225],"materials":[227],"direct":[229],"relevance":[230],"England.":[232,326],"brings":[236],"out":[237],"importance":[239],"understanding":[241],"different":[243,255],"aspects":[244],"it":[250],"adapted":[253],"purposes.":[256],"In":[257],"adopting":[258],"education,":[267],"will":[270],"require":[271],"norms":[272,283],"functioning":[274],"environment.":[277],"It":[278,304],"is":[279,305,309],"concluded":[280,306],"should":[284],"negotiated":[286],"service":[288],"users":[289],"who":[290],"treated":[294],"having":[296],"rights":[297],"participate":[299],"decision-making.":[303],"there":[308],"informed":[319],"approach":[320],"decision-making":[324]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2017-01-06T00:00:00"}