{"id":"https://openalex.org/W25613765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/16.3.226","title":"Level of Sleepiness and Total Sleep Time Following Various Time in Bed Conditions","display_name":"Level of Sleepiness and Total Sleep Time Following Various Time in Bed Conditions","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W25613765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/16.3.226","mag":"25613765","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8506455"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/sleep/16.3.226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/16.3.226","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/16.3.226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42921845","display_name":"SLEEP","issn_l":"0161-8105","issn":["0161-8105","1550-9109"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sleep","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111853365","display_name":"Leon D. Rosenthal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154057602","display_name":"Henry Ford Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02kwnkm68","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154057602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803043754","display_name":"Henry Ford Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0193sb042","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154057602","https://openalex.org/I2803043754"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leon Rosenthal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154057602","https://openalex.org/I2803043754"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041608204","display_name":"Timothy Roehrs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9237-0153","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9237-0153"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154057602","display_name":"Henry Ford Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02kwnkm68","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154057602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803043754","display_name":"Henry Ford Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0193sb042","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154057602","https://openalex.org/I2803043754"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy A. Roehrs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154057602","https://openalex.org/I2803043754"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103454605","display_name":"Allison B. Rosen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154057602","display_name":"Henry Ford Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02kwnkm68","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154057602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803043754","display_name":"Henry Ford Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0193sb042","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154057602","https://openalex.org/I2803043754"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allison Rosen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154057602","https://openalex.org/I2803043754"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113866565","display_name":"Tom Roth","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154057602","display_name":"Henry Ford Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02kwnkm68","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154057602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803043754","display_name":"Henry Ford Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0193sb042","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154057602","https://openalex.org/I2803043754"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom Roth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154057602","https://openalex.org/I2803043754"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111853365"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154057602","https://openalex.org/I2803043754"],"apc_list":{"value":4388,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4388},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8389,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":132,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94598286,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"226","last_page":"232"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.7627000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.7627000212669373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10316","display_name":"Sleep and related disorders","score":0.1688999980688095,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10985","display_name":"Sleep and Wakefulness Research","score":0.06449999660253525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-in-bed","display_name":"time in bed","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/daytime-sleepiness","display_name":"daytime sleepiness","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-sleep-time","display_name":"total sleep time","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-sleep-latency-test","display_name":"multiple sleep latency test","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-onset-latency","display_name":"sleep latency","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-deprivation","display_name":"sleep deprivation","score":0.4230000078678131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778537899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254034","display_name":"Bedtime","level":2,"score":0.8794113397598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777446050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1664214","display_name":"Multiple Sleep Latency Test","level":5,"score":0.7964606285095215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107513589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5242962","display_name":"Nap","level":2,"score":0.6520570516586304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63759246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7539762","display_name":"Sleep onset","level":3,"score":0.5518999099731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99476002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42297","display_name":"Analysis of variance","level":2,"score":0.5501782894134521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.48941197991371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775841894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4683692","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","level":2,"score":0.47635579109191895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.39369913935661316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.3915059268474579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.3384585976600647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781433485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3144201","display_name":"Excessive daytime sleepiness","level":4,"score":0.23382559418678284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1513209611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177190","display_name":"Sleep disorder","level":3,"score":0.20994526147842407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781210498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1869874","display_name":"Insomnia","level":2,"score":0.17918357253074646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.12587866187095642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.10575404763221741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001510","descriptor_name":"Bed Rest","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002940","descriptor_name":"Circadian Rhythm","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012890","descriptor_name":"Sleep","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012892","descriptor_name":"Sleep Deprivation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012895","descriptor_name":"Sleep, REM","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014851","descriptor_name":"Wakefulness","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017286","descriptor_name":"Polysomnography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/sleep/16.3.226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/16.3.226","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/16.3.226","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S42921845","display_name":"SLEEP","issn_l":"0161-8105","issn":["0161-8105","1550-9109"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sleep","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8506455","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8506455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sleep","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1156132682","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MH00860","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1430176713","display_name":"NATURE OF PATHOLOGICAL DAYTIME SLEEPINESS","funder_award_id":"1k20mh000860-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337346","display_name":"National Institute of Mental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04xeg9z08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W141113378","https://openalex.org/W1600390471","https://openalex.org/W1879307016","https://openalex.org/W1919560838","https://openalex.org/W1998733388","https://openalex.org/W2037816344","https://openalex.org/W2061784283","https://openalex.org/W2096832875","https://openalex.org/W2276084072","https://openalex.org/W2395372831","https://openalex.org/W2400661044","https://openalex.org/W2409487943","https://openalex.org/W2418933770","https://openalex.org/W2423583984","https://openalex.org/W2428875458","https://openalex.org/W2525537354","https://openalex.org/W4399076317","https://openalex.org/W6659929844"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W91149588","https://openalex.org/W2019762181","https://openalex.org/W2800651516","https://openalex.org/W7160598146","https://openalex.org/W4281858293","https://openalex.org/W1935021315","https://openalex.org/W4410502006","https://openalex.org/W202444285","https://openalex.org/W2428875458","https://openalex.org/W30178043"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,127],"effects":[1],"of":[2,36,104,125,150,165,178,205,320],"various":[3,330],"time":[4,15,60,82,188],"in":[5,28,61,83,135,153,167,263,284,301,345],"bed":[6,84],"(TIB)":[7],"conditions":[8,158],"on":[9,106,180],"daytime":[10],"sleepiness":[11],"and":[12,94,156,170,231,252,256,271,287,296,324,349,365],"total":[13,186,325,350],"sleep":[14,44,110,128,148,187,281,326,351],"(during":[16],"a":[17,91,95,115,195],"24-hour":[18,96,182],"enforced":[19,97,183],"bedtime)":[20],"were":[21,32,49,87,112,130,159,222,258,312,343],"investigated.":[22],"Thirty-two":[23],"healthy":[24],"male":[25],"subjects":[26,86,134,152,166,237],"participated":[27],"the":[29,65,76,102,107,109,136,142,147,154,168,176,181,185,217,228,241,317,321,329,346,360,366],"study.":[30],"Subjects":[31,48,207,260,298],"assigned":[33,51,81],"to":[34,39,52,89,114,141,194,216,247,268,277,293,306,314,362,368],"one":[35],"four":[37,116,120,200],"groups":[38],"balance":[40],"average":[41],"screening":[42],"multiple":[43],"latency":[45],"tests":[46],"(MSLT).":[47],"randomly":[50],"spend":[53],"8,":[54],"6,":[55],"4":[56,243,251,272,288],"or":[57,340],"0":[58,211],"hours":[59,212,244],"bed.":[62],"They":[63],"underwent":[64],"same":[66],"TIB":[67,105,172,179,213,233,331],"condition":[68,138],"twice":[69],"with":[70,353],"at":[71],"least":[72],"7":[73],"days":[74],"between":[75,227],"two":[77],"sessions.":[78],"Following":[79],"their":[80],"conditions,":[85,236],"counterbalanced":[88],"have":[90],"standard":[92],"MSLT":[93,323,348],"bedtime":[98],"protocol.":[99],"To":[100,174],"assess":[101,175],"effect":[103,177],"MSLT,":[108],"latencies":[111,129,149],"submitted":[113,193],"(TIB":[117,201],"condition)":[118,202],"by":[119,199],"(nap":[121],"test)":[122],"multivariate":[123,203],"analysis":[124,204],"variance.":[126,206],"shorter":[131],"for":[132],"those":[133,151,164],"0-hours":[137],"when":[139,214,245,266,275,291,304],"compared":[140,215,246,267,276,292,305],"other":[143,218],"three":[144,219],"conditions.":[145,173,220,234,332],"Also,":[146],"4-":[155],"6-hour":[157],"comparable":[160,283],"but":[161,273,289,337],"different":[162],"from":[163],"8-":[169],"0-hour":[171],"bedtime,":[184],"during":[189,240],"this":[190],"period":[191],"was":[192,282],"six":[196],"(4-hour":[197],"block)":[198],"slept":[208,238,261,299],"more":[209,239,262],"following":[210,328],"There":[221],"no":[223,338],"statistically":[224],"significant":[225,334],"differences":[226],"8-,":[229],"6-":[230],"4-hour":[232],"Across":[235],"first":[242],"blocks":[248,269,285,294],"2,":[249],"3,":[250],"5.":[253],"Blocks":[254],"1":[255],"6":[257],"comparable.":[259],"block":[264,278,302,307],"2":[265],"3":[270,286],"less":[274,290,300],"6.":[279,297,308],"Subjects'":[280],"5":[295,303],"Finally,":[309],"trend":[310],"analyses":[311],"used":[313],"better":[315],"define":[316],"quantitative":[318],"characteristics":[319],"mean":[322,347],"times":[327,352],"A":[333],"linear":[335],"component":[336],"quadratic":[339],"cubic":[341],"components":[342],"evident":[344],"decreasing":[354],"TIB.":[355],"These":[356],"results":[357],"suggest":[358],"that":[359],"propensity":[361,367],"fall":[363],"asleep":[364,370],"stay":[369],"follow":[371],"similar":[372],"response":[373],"patterns.":[374]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}