{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2560894062","doi":null,"title":"Culture and Commerce: China's Soft Power in Thailand","display_name":"Culture and Commerce: China's Soft Power in Thailand","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2560894062","mag":"2560894062"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2560894062","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-4231808311/culture-and-commerce-china-s-soft-power-in-thailand","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764866499","display_name":"International Journal of China Studies","issn_l":"2180-3250","issn":["2180-3250"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of China Studies","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-4231808311/culture-and-commerce-china-s-soft-power-in-thailand","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023220902","display_name":"Kornphanat Tungkeunkunt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5336-8624","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5336-8624"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kornphanat Tungkeunkunt","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5336-8624","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023220902"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.9896,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98916342,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"151","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13303","display_name":"Asian Culture and Media Studies","score":0.006899999920278788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14417","display_name":"Central Asia Education and Culture","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-soft-power","display_name":"Chinese soft power","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confucius-institutes","display_name":"Confucius Institutes","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thailand","display_name":"Thailand","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-diplomacy","display_name":"cultural diplomacy","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-diplomacy","display_name":"economic diplomacy","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host-country-context","display_name":"host country context","score":0.4399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-diaspora-in-thailand","display_name":"Chinese diaspora in Thailand","score":0.4860000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178601582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143951","display_name":"Soft power","level":3,"score":0.9303039312362671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.7938508987426758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780008575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2382513","display_name":"Hard power","level":4,"score":0.7287298440933228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557252395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1889","display_name":"Diplomacy","level":3,"score":0.6307421922683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780652622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3655535","display_name":"Economic diplomacy","level":3,"score":0.5988380908966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542948173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6186","display_name":"Communism","level":3,"score":0.5788548588752747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778449503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q329777","display_name":"Appeal","level":2,"score":0.5628101825714111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5624083876609802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4779265522956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4652823805809021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780932887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622857","display_name":"National interest","level":3,"score":0.4564914107322693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93377909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181648","display_name":"Foreign policy","level":3,"score":0.4522642493247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.44348084926605225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49493942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3400813","display_name":"Economic power","level":3,"score":0.4369617700576782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4177801012992859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.31409573554992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2560894062","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-4231808311/culture-and-commerce-china-s-soft-power-in-thailand","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764866499","display_name":"International Journal of China Studies","issn_l":"2180-3250","issn":["2180-3250"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of China Studies","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:2560894062","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-4231808311/culture-and-commerce-china-s-soft-power-in-thailand","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764866499","display_name":"International Journal of China Studies","issn_l":"2180-3250","issn":["2180-3250"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of China Studies","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W560545469","https://openalex.org/W1483978466","https://openalex.org/W1500764795","https://openalex.org/W1502907293","https://openalex.org/W1527353146","https://openalex.org/W1583999069","https://openalex.org/W1994128766","https://openalex.org/W1994292401","https://openalex.org/W2101816728","https://openalex.org/W2114778703","https://openalex.org/W2134771325","https://openalex.org/W2154549628","https://openalex.org/W2497806643","https://openalex.org/W2989832571"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2173032288","https://openalex.org/W4306291040","https://openalex.org/W2910672185","https://openalex.org/W4316923602","https://openalex.org/W3161985378","https://openalex.org/W4387777459","https://openalex.org/W4362499145","https://openalex.org/W2333469482","https://openalex.org/W4378840610","https://openalex.org/W6988584933"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"1.":[0],"IntroductionRecent":[1],"literature":[2],"shows":[3],"that":[4,159,284,299,323,479,537,553],"the":[5,8,24,35,38,64,84,89,93,115,131,148,185,206,272,278,282,289,327,331,351,356,386,389,428,434,448,463,480,490,505,516,525,535,539,550,563,578,608],"implementation":[6],"of":[7,15,95,117,133,143,205,234,274,280,291,336,358,388,396,437,450,462,471,493,507,518,529,542,565,581,600,610],"Confucius":[9],"Institute":[10],"(CI)":[11],"programme":[12],"is":[13,104,294,486],"part":[14],"China's":[16,41,75,268,412,530,543,566,601],"soft":[86,187],"power":[87,188],"policy":[19,582],"and":[20,53,57,70,99,108,123,136,146,167,174,180,195,215,244,307,340,364,371,373,381,393,410,422,425,459,527,577,587,598,614],"aims":[21],"to":[22,91,189,203,321,407,570],"raise":[23],"nation's":[25,119],"international":[26,269],"profile":[27],"along":[28],"with":[29,427,443,549,617],"its":[30,46,252],"increasing":[31,481,579],"economic":[32,109,166,193,374,499],"role":[33,265,506,609],"in":[34,150,176,254,266,277,456,484,511,604],"world,":[36],"despite":[37],"controversy":[39],"about":[40,354],"cultural":[42,306,394],"expansion":[43,564],"abroad":[44],"serving":[45],"own":[47],"national":[48],"interest":[49],"(Guo,":[50],"2008;":[51],"Lo":[52],"Pan,":[54],"2014;":[55,60],"Leung":[56],"Du":[58],"Cros,":[59],"Gil,":[61],"2015).":[62],"Evidently,":[63],"CI":[65],"debate":[66],"has":[67],"drawn":[68],"scholarly":[69],"critical":[71],"attention":[72],"on":[73,114,415,439,447],"how":[74,355],"should":[78,400],"be":[79,249,367,377,401],"perceived.Developed":[80],"by":[81,223,489,497,504],"Joseph":[82],"Nye,":[83],"term":[85,186],"describes":[88],"ability":[90],"shape":[92],"preference":[94],"others":[96],"through":[97,106,229],"appeal":[98],"attraction.":[100],"Whereas":[101],"hard":[102],"exercised":[105],"military":[107,372],"forces,":[110,303],"relies":[113],"attractiveness":[116],"a":[118,200,263,397,404,440,444,468,521,558,595],"culture,":[120,362],"political":[121,270],"values":[122,365],"foreign":[124],"policies":[125],"(Nye,":[126],"2004:":[127],"5,":[128],"11).":[129],"In":[130,199,343,383,513,557],"case":[132,279,469],"China,":[134,281],"officials":[135],"scholars":[137,243],"went":[138],"beyond":[139],"Nye's":[140],"traditional":[141],"definition":[142],"interpreted":[147],"concept":[149,233],"their":[151,615],"own,":[152],"broader":[153],"terms.1":[154],"Kurlantzick":[155],"(2007:":[156],"6)":[157],"notes":[158],"Chinese":[160,207,241,255,472,482,509,611,620],"includes":[163],"more":[164],"coercive":[165],"diplomatic":[168,473],"levers":[169],"such":[170,304],"as":[171,246,305,403,467,501,503,520,585],"aid,":[172],"investment":[173],"participation":[175],"multilateral":[177,191],"organisations.":[178],"Lai":[179],"Lu":[181],"(2012:":[182],"30)":[183],"broaden":[184],"include":[190],"diplomacy,":[192],"diplomacy":[194],"good":[196],"neighbour":[197],"policy.":[198],"speech":[201],"given":[202],"members":[204],"Communist":[208],"Party":[209],"(CCP),":[210],"former":[211],"President":[212,217],"Hu":[213],"Jintao":[214],"current":[216],"Xi":[218],"Jinping":[219],"highlighted":[220],"several":[221],"methods":[222],"which":[224],"China":[225,438],"could":[226],"exert":[227],"influence":[228,311,483],"power.2":[231],"The":[232,475],"proved":[237],"highly":[238],"popular":[239],"among":[240],"leaders,":[242],"journalists,":[245],"can":[247,310,366,376],"also":[248,477,487],"judged":[250],"from":[251],"prevalence":[253],"media":[256,423],"(Li,":[257],"2008:":[258],"287).":[259],"It":[260],"therefore":[261],"played":[262],"crucial":[264,405],"shaping":[267],"strategy.Despite":[271],"significance":[273],"this":[275,344,384,431,546],"notion":[276],"context":[283,395,449,517],"either":[285],"generates":[286],"or":[287,572],"hinders":[288],"growth":[290],"understudied.":[295],"Ferguson":[296],"(2003)":[297],"noted":[298],"not":[300,318],"all":[301,325],"non-traditional":[302],"commercial":[308],"goods,":[309],"world":[312,329],"affairs.":[313],"For":[314],"instance,":[315],"it":[316,561,593],"does":[317],"make":[319],"sense":[320],"say":[322],"children":[324],"over":[326],"Islamic":[328],"love":[330],"United":[332,464],"States":[333,465],"just":[334],"because":[335],"American":[337],"fast":[338],"food":[339],"pop":[341],"culture.":[342],"sense,":[345],"Li":[346],"Mingjiang":[347],"(2011:":[348],"1-18)":[349],"challenges":[350,597],"received":[352],"idea":[353],"resources":[357],"are":[360],"used:":[361],"ideology":[363],"used":[368,378],"for":[369,379,589],"coercion,":[370],"strength":[375],"attraction":[380],"appeal.":[382],"light,":[385],"study":[387,470],"economic,":[390],"political,":[391],"social":[392],"host":[398,522],"country":[399,523],"encouraged":[402],"step":[406],"better":[408],"understanding":[409],"assessing":[411],"power.Drawing":[414],"empirical":[416],"data":[417],"including":[418],"academic":[419],"literature,":[420],"official":[421],"reports,":[424],"interviews":[426],"people":[429],"involved,":[430],"article":[432,547],"examines":[433,562],"growing":[435],"presence":[436],"global":[441],"scale,":[442],"particular":[445],"focus":[446],"Thailand":[451,485,519],"-":[452,466],"an":[453,460],"influential":[454],"player":[455],"Southeast":[457],"Asia":[458],"ally":[461],"practices.":[474],"paper":[476],"argues":[478],"driven":[488],"historical":[491,551],"background":[492],"close":[494],"Sino-Thai":[495,555],"relations,":[496],"Thailand's":[498,618],"interests":[500],"well":[502],"ethnic":[508,619],"communities":[510],"Thailand.":[512],"other":[514],"words,":[515],"facilitates":[524],"existence":[526],"functioning":[528],"power.":[532],"To":[533],"detail":[534],"environment":[536],"enabled":[538],"considerable":[540],"progress":[541],"power,":[545],"begins":[548],"canvas":[552],"shaped":[554],"relations.":[556],"second":[559],"stage,":[560],"due":[569],"non-governmental":[571],"people-to-people":[573],"activities":[574],"(e.g.,":[575],"tourism),":[576],"use":[580],"tools":[583],"(such":[584],"education":[586],"media)":[588],"public":[590],"diplomacy.":[591],"Finally,":[592],"presents":[594],"few":[596],"expressions":[599],"Thailand,":[605],"strongly":[606],"reflecting":[607],"governmental":[612],"organisations":[613],"ties":[616],"communities.":[621],"\u2026":[622]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2017-01-06T00:00:00"}
