{"id":"https://openalex.org/W256061884","doi":null,"title":"Controlling Cell Density by Micropatterning Regulates Smad Signalling and Mesendoderm Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells","display_name":"Controlling Cell Density by Micropatterning Regulates Smad Signalling and Mesendoderm Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W256061884","mag":"256061884"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/17192","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/17192","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/5f82571a-3f7c-478f-8031-abc6197d7076/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400261","display_name":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/5f82571a-3f7c-478f-8031-abc6197d7076/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"L. Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"L. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10505","display_name":"Pluripotent Stem Cells Research","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10505","display_name":"Pluripotent Stem Cells Research","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10268","display_name":"Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation","score":0.008100000210106373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10379","display_name":"Cellular Mechanics and Interactions","score":0.005499999970197678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-embryonic-stem-cells","display_name":"human embryonic stem cells","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesendoderm-differentiation","display_name":"mesendoderm differentiation","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smad-signaling","display_name":"Smad signaling","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smad1","display_name":"Smad1","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smad2","display_name":"Smad2","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bmp-signaling","display_name":"BMP signaling","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontact-printing","display_name":"microcontact printing","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/micropatterning","display_name":"micropatterning","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-density-control","display_name":"cell density control","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colony-size","display_name":"colony size","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-microenvironment","display_name":"cell microenvironment","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germ-layer-differentiation","display_name":"germ layer differentiation","score":0.5519999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.7544037699699402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145103041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151519","display_name":"Embryonic stem cell","level":3,"score":0.6736950278282166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780915607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323438","display_name":"Mesoderm","level":4,"score":0.6375054121017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18155467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660498","display_name":"Germ layer","level":5,"score":0.5780995488166809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28328180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48196","display_name":"Stem cell","level":2,"score":0.5255321860313416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201750760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1896218","display_name":"Progenitor cell","level":3,"score":0.5134921669960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4792225956916809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148738053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210861","display_name":"Cellular differentiation","level":3,"score":0.43280819058418274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.10501137375831604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107459253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q674925","display_name":"Induced pluripotent stem cell","level":4,"score":0.10039636492729187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/17192","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/17192","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/5f82571a-3f7c-478f-8031-abc6197d7076/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400261","display_name":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:collectionscanada.gc.ca:OTU.1807/17192","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/17192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402307","display_name":"Library and Archives Canada (Government of Canada)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2802286613","host_organization_name":"Government of Canada","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802286613"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:256061884","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/17192/1/Lee_Lawrence_200811_MASc_thesis.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:utoronto.scholaris.ca:1807/17192","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1807/17192","pdf_url":"https://utoronto.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/5f82571a-3f7c-478f-8031-abc6197d7076/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400261","display_name":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.504800021648407,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W256061884.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W256061884.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":156,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W47838661","https://openalex.org/W65990852","https://openalex.org/W1491459594","https://openalex.org/W1541821200","https://openalex.org/W1552184745","https://openalex.org/W1559931184","https://openalex.org/W1564764891","https://openalex.org/W1573785776","https://openalex.org/W1591850953","https://openalex.org/W1603634925","https://openalex.org/W1609684706","https://openalex.org/W1744684896","https://openalex.org/W1925655957","https://openalex.org/W1927305112","https://openalex.org/W1937940610","https://openalex.org/W1951882906","https://openalex.org/W1959009706","https://openalex.org/W1965419330","https://openalex.org/W1965541025","https://openalex.org/W1965674737","https://openalex.org/W1966549326","https://openalex.org/W1966697925","https://openalex.org/W1967166817","https://openalex.org/W1967468602","https://openalex.org/W1968995536","https://openalex.org/W1969141907","https://openalex.org/W1971912541","https://openalex.org/W1973387539","https://openalex.org/W1974859066","https://openalex.org/W1976430696","https://openalex.org/W1976799970","https://openalex.org/W1977120253","https://openalex.org/W1977509897","https://openalex.org/W1979670158","https://openalex.org/W1981088384","https://openalex.org/W1981735567","https://openalex.org/W1982748372","https://openalex.org/W1982756198","https://openalex.org/W1986595328","https://openalex.org/W1989952069","https://openalex.org/W1992838550","https://openalex.org/W2001191970","https://openalex.org/W2002223490","https://openalex.org/W2002768599","https://openalex.org/W2003598961","https://openalex.org/W2006219245","https://openalex.org/W2006743934","https://openalex.org/W2008134301","https://openalex.org/W2008471152","https://openalex.org/W2008995006","https://openalex.org/W2009096862","https://openalex.org/W2010353459","https://openalex.org/W2010417854","https://openalex.org/W2010856041","https://openalex.org/W2011324987","https://openalex.org/W2017968214","https://openalex.org/W2019156031","https://openalex.org/W2022851764","https://openalex.org/W2028196271","https://openalex.org/W2030401873","https://openalex.org/W2030850073","https://openalex.org/W2034184190","https://openalex.org/W2034741490","https://openalex.org/W2035653659","https://openalex.org/W2036430467","https://openalex.org/W2038404321","https://openalex.org/W2038763845","https://openalex.org/W2040885726","https://openalex.org/W2041506809","https://openalex.org/W2045058933","https://openalex.org/W2045899482","https://openalex.org/W2046097974","https://openalex.org/W2046516822","https://openalex.org/W2047244839","https://openalex.org/W2048107295","https://openalex.org/W2048177058","https://openalex.org/W2049326750","https://openalex.org/W2049880957","https://openalex.org/W2052071230","https://openalex.org/W2052128821","https://openalex.org/W2054031422","https://openalex.org/W2054361177","https://openalex.org/W2055151337","https://openalex.org/W2055830220","https://openalex.org/W2056384897","https://openalex.org/W2056574134","https://openalex.org/W2057159461","https://openalex.org/W2059030354","https://openalex.org/W2059437327","https://openalex.org/W2060299616","https://openalex.org/W2063334459","https://openalex.org/W2064676889","https://openalex.org/W2065628921","https://openalex.org/W2066419333","https://openalex.org/W2066516753","https://openalex.org/W2069209063","https://openalex.org/W2069693786","https://openalex.org/W2070539534","https://openalex.org/W2075469935","https://openalex.org/W2080342872","https://openalex.org/W2081704147","https://openalex.org/W2083567950","https://openalex.org/W2086943348","https://openalex.org/W2088101102","https://openalex.org/W2088560595","https://openalex.org/W2095022753","https://openalex.org/W2095298909","https://openalex.org/W2097110666","https://openalex.org/W2097689792","https://openalex.org/W2099143970","https://openalex.org/W2105683352","https://openalex.org/W2106219965","https://openalex.org/W2107141327","https://openalex.org/W2107307011","https://openalex.org/W2108185700","https://openalex.org/W2110301828","https://openalex.org/W2115031747","https://openalex.org/W2117200840","https://openalex.org/W2117814548","https://openalex.org/W2120297737","https://openalex.org/W2120410199","https://openalex.org/W2123039189","https://openalex.org/W2125916283","https://openalex.org/W2126432370","https://openalex.org/W2127432537","https://openalex.org/W2129584348","https://openalex.org/W2129835280","https://openalex.org/W2130422603","https://openalex.org/W2132556256","https://openalex.org/W2132584224","https://openalex.org/W2136819827","https://openalex.org/W2138271428","https://openalex.org/W2138977668","https://openalex.org/W2139020188","https://openalex.org/W2139961479","https://openalex.org/W2140923392","https://openalex.org/W2141991248","https://openalex.org/W2142046859","https://openalex.org/W2143973293","https://openalex.org/W2144023435","https://openalex.org/W2147142329","https://openalex.org/W2154178250","https://openalex.org/W2154568166","https://openalex.org/W2156949967","https://openalex.org/W2160907591","https://openalex.org/W2161594343","https://openalex.org/W2164563970","https://openalex.org/W2169529166","https://openalex.org/W2169859308","https://openalex.org/W2172111284","https://openalex.org/W2238446973","https://openalex.org/W2253665267","https://openalex.org/W2294929520","https://openalex.org/W2299338986","https://openalex.org/W2396242620","https://openalex.org/W2405639850"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090813237","https://openalex.org/W2107307011","https://openalex.org/W7132873583","https://openalex.org/W2044193480","https://openalex.org/W2084425498","https://openalex.org/W4253884338","https://openalex.org/W1998317358","https://openalex.org/W1983463480","https://openalex.org/W1982736212","https://openalex.org/W2085533979"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"embryonic":[1],"stem":[2],"cells":[3,53],"(hESC)":[4],"present":[5],"a":[6,110],"potentially":[7],"unlimited":[8],"supply":[9],"of":[10,33,40,60,64,74,99,126],"hematopoietic":[11,52],"progenitors":[12,22],"for":[13,19,88,123,141],"cell-based":[14],"therapies.":[15],"However,":[16],"current":[17],"protocols":[18],"generating":[20],"these":[21],"typically":[23],"also":[24],"generate":[25],"undesired":[26],"cell":[27,139],"types":[28,140],"due":[29],"to":[30,131,136],"imprecise":[31],"control":[32,98,125],"the":[34,41,61,115,121,127],"hESC":[35,100,134],"microenvironment":[36,128],"and":[37,66,77,82],"poor":[38],"understanding":[39],"signalling":[42,71],"networks":[43],"regulating":[44],"mesoderm":[45,89,116],"differentiation":[46,135],"(the":[47],"germ":[48],"layer":[49],"from":[50],"which":[51],"emerge).":[54],"This":[55],"report":[56],"demonstrates":[57],"that":[58,95,106],"activation":[59],"downstream":[62],"effectors":[63],"Activin/Nodal":[65],"bone":[67],"morphogenetic":[68],"protein":[69],"(BMP)":[70],"(Smad2":[72],"(composite":[73],"Sma":[75],"(smaller)":[76],"Mad":[78],"(mothers":[79],"against":[80],"decapentaplegic)":[81],"Smad1,":[83],"respectively)":[84],"are":[85],"both":[86],"required":[87],"differentiation.":[90],"It":[91],"is":[92],"further":[93],"shown":[94],"microcontact":[96],"printing-mediated":[97],"colony":[101],"size":[102],"creates":[103],"local":[104],"microenvironments":[105],"guide":[107,133],"differentiation,":[108],"via":[109],"Smad1-dependent":[111],"mechanism,":[112],"preferentially":[113],"towards":[114],"lineage.":[117],"These":[118],"findings":[119],"demonstrate":[120],"need":[122],"precise":[124],"in":[129],"order":[130],"effectively":[132],"produce":[137],"specific":[138],"potential":[142],"therapeutic":[143],"applications.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
