{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2560037110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.1788.1788","title":"Isotype-Specific Heavy/Light Chain (HLC) Suppression as a Predictor of Myeloma Development in Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS).","display_name":"Isotype-Specific Heavy/Light Chain (HLC) Suppression as a Predictor of Myeloma Development in Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS).","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2560037110","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.1788.1788","mag":"2560037110"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1182/blood.v114.22.1788.1788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.1788.1788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.1788.1788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200071133","display_name":"Blood","issn_l":"0006-4971","issn":["0006-4971","1528-0020"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blood","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111767341","display_name":"Jerry A. Katzmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jerry Katzmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072543002","display_name":"Raynell J. Clark","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raynell Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000308170","display_name":"Angela A. Dispenzieri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8780-9512","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8780-9512"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Angela Dispenzieri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023193953","display_name":"Robert A. Kyle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4763-4580","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4763-4580"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert Kyle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082004555","display_name":"Ola Landgren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6485-4839","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6485-4839"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140884","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ola Landgren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210140884"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052180973","display_name":"Arthur R. Bradwell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1562-1606","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1562-1606"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arthur Bradwell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Immunology, Med. School, Univ. of Birmingham, Birmingham"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Immunology, Med. School, Univ. of Birmingham, Birmingham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066940168","display_name":"S. Vincent Rajkumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5862-1833","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5862-1833"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Vincent Rajkumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000308170","https://openalex.org/A5023193953","https://openalex.org/A5072543002","https://openalex.org/A5111767341"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"],"apc_list":{"value":5500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7531,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86651328,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"114","issue":"22","first_page":"1788","last_page":"1788"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10649","display_name":"Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10649","display_name":"Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11157","display_name":"Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2716","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11305","display_name":"Amyloidosis: Diagnosis, Treatment, Outcomes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monoclonal-gammopathy-of-undetermined-significance","display_name":"monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-myeloma-progression","display_name":"progression to multiple myeloma","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/igg-kappa","display_name":"IgG kappa","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/igg-lambda","display_name":"IgG lambda","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iga-kappa","display_name":"IgA kappa","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iga-lambda","display_name":"IgA lambda","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostic-factors","display_name":"prognostic factors","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/m-spike","display_name":"M-spike","score":0.6259999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777991845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2396793","display_name":"Isotype","level":4,"score":0.9109758138656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777250017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458138","display_name":"Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance","level":5,"score":0.7811356782913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776364478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467635","display_name":"Multiple myeloma","level":2,"score":0.6844669580459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36394416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q949267","display_name":"Immunoglobulin light chain","level":3,"score":0.6796056032180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.6227992177009583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5256796479225159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778724333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14401","display_name":"Kappa","level":2,"score":0.5085359811782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4427409768104553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779102806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79453","display_name":"Immunoglobulin A","level":4,"score":0.4399501383304596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.43506407737731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48010095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79447","display_name":"Immunoglobulin D","level":4,"score":0.4205819368362427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.3691829442977905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163864487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6901461","display_name":"Monoclonal","level":4,"score":0.3658822774887085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780898057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79448","display_name":"Immunoglobulin G","level":3,"score":0.32112208008766174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542903549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422248","display_name":"Monoclonal antibody","level":3,"score":0.3164709806442261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778453870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188930","display_name":"B cell","level":3,"score":0.20518717169761658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1182/blood.v114.22.1788.1788","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.1788.1788","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.1788.1788","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200071133","display_name":"Blood","issn_l":"0006-4971","issn":["0006-4971","1528-0020"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blood","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2129115377","https://openalex.org/W2912710853","https://openalex.org/W2732411184","https://openalex.org/W2491235320","https://openalex.org/W2289636621","https://openalex.org/W2284595725","https://openalex.org/W2591718885","https://openalex.org/W2765667855","https://openalex.org/W2959675442","https://openalex.org/W2980952864"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0,1],"1788":[2],"Poster":[3],"Board":[4],"I-814":[5],"Background":[6],"Clinically":[7],"available":[8],"prognostic":[9,139],"factors":[10],"for":[11,46,108,212,567],"progression":[12,67,131,153],"of":[13,20,36,61,66,71,79,87,116,119,130,132,141,146,152,174,237,244,274,283,286,296,311,330,334,344,381,391,406,424,443,464,466,475,493,516,531,555,564,574,587,616],"MGUS":[14,133,253,305,321,368,414,432,459],"to":[15,112,134,256,281,308,373,447,489,498,506,525,547,596,608,636],"myeloma":[16,257,374,448],"include":[17],"the":[18,21,109,120,138,171,175,200,204,235,245,272,309,315,345,392,476,481,485,491,509,526,532,537,543,556],"size":[19],"M-spike,":[22],"heavy":[23,91,288,410,468,494,520,589,619],"chain":[24,29,93,289,411,469,495,521,590,620],"isotype,":[25,621],"and":[26,105,125,163,222,302,357,413,540,622,653],"free":[27],"light":[28,92],"(FLC)":[30],"K/L":[31],"ratio.":[32,624],"The":[33,48,81,189,668],"combined":[34],"use":[35],"these":[37,581],"variables":[38],"provides":[39],"approximately":[40],"a":[41,56,150,266,293,420,440,562,598],"10-fold":[42],"difference":[43],"in":[44,154,192,199,353,362,536,542,580,601],"risk":[45,50,60],"progression.":[47,62,80,568],"highest":[49],"group,":[51],"however,":[52],"still":[53],"has":[54,74],"only":[55],"27%":[57],"twenty":[58],"year":[59],"Therefore,":[63],"additional":[64],"predictors":[65],"are":[68,606,634],"needed.":[69],"Suppression":[70],"uninvolved":[72,147,284,331],"immunoglobulins":[73,158,285,333],"been":[75],"an":[76],"inconsistent":[77],"predictor":[78,151,563],"novel":[82],"Hevylite\u201d":[83],"assay":[84,196],"measures":[85],"concentrations":[86,168,179],"each":[88],"isotype-specific":[89,117],"immunoglobulin":[90],"(HLC)":[94],"pair":[95,248,278,348,399,428,560,572,612],"(i.e.,":[96,349],"IgG":[97,99,301,320,350,354,367,394,458,558,631,639],"kappa,":[98,102],"lambda,":[100],"IgA":[101,103,304,335,382,511,602,648],"lambda)":[104],"enables":[106],"us":[107],"first":[110],"time":[111],"determine":[113,609],"if":[114,126,610],"suppression":[115,145,164,243,279,282,329,343,380,390,400,405,429,463,474,492,504,515,535,554,573,586,613],"Ig":[118],"opposite":[121,246,346,393,557],"HLC":[122,144,178,205,247,277,347,395,398,427,479,503,527,559,571,611],"is":[123,128,561,577,614],"occurring":[124],"it":[127],"predictive":[129],"myeloma.":[135],"We":[136,592],"studied":[137],"value":[140],"isotype":[142,241,275,341,388,425,477,501],"specific":[143,242,276,342,389,426,478,502,570],"immunoglobins":[148],"as":[149,167,523],"MGUS.":[155,603],"Methods:":[156],"Total":[157],"were":[159,180,436,593],"quantitated":[160,181],"by":[161,480],"immunonephelometry,":[162],"was":[165,401],"defined":[166],"less":[169],"than":[170,404,430,585,647],"lower":[172],"limit":[173],"reference":[176,210],"range.":[177],"with":[182,252,529,658],"Hevylite":[183,482],"reagents":[184],"(The":[185],"Binding":[186,669],"Site,":[187],"Ltd).":[188],"antibodies":[190],"used":[191],"this":[193,575,654],"investigational":[194],"nephelometric":[195],"span":[197],"epitopes":[198],"junctional":[201],"areas":[202],"between":[203],"constant":[206],"regions.":[207],"Based":[208],"on":[209,439],"ranges":[211],"GK":[213],"(407-1130":[214],"mg/dL),":[215,218,221],"GL":[216],"(188-583":[217],"AK":[219],"(55-292":[220],"AL":[223],"(39-249":[224],"mg/dL)":[225],"that":[226,553,629,660],"we":[227,233,291],"derived":[228],"from":[229,299,318,365,408,456],"276":[230],"normal":[231],"samples,":[232],"compared":[234,280,524],"proportion":[236],"patients":[238,251,260,306,322,369,415,444,512,533,565,582],"who":[239,254,261,323,370,416,445],"had":[240,262,324,328,340,379,387,419,462,473,513],"among":[249],"30":[250,366],"progressed":[255,264,372,418,446],"versus":[258],"36":[259,319],"not":[263,594],"over":[265],"similar":[267,599],"follow-up":[268],"period.":[269],"To":[270],"confirm":[271],"relationship":[273],"other":[287,409,467,588,638],"classes,":[290,412,470],"tested":[292],"second":[294,441],"cohort":[295,442],"stored":[297],"samples":[298,317,364,455,487],"50":[300,457],"14":[303,510],"prior":[307,488,546],"development":[310],"MM.":[312,548],"Results":[313],"In":[314,360,454,484],"initial":[316,538],"stable":[325,431],"disease,":[326],"6%":[327],"intact":[332],"and/or":[336,383],"IgM,":[337,384],"while":[338,385,471,500],"22%":[339],"lambda":[351],"suppressed":[352],"kappa":[355],"MGUS,":[356],"vice":[358],"versa).":[359],"contrast,":[361],"baseline":[363],"eventually":[371,417,662],"or":[375,518,649],"related":[376],"malignancy,":[377],"7%":[378],"40%":[386],"pair.":[396],"Thus,":[397],"more":[402,578,645,656],"frequent":[403,579],"Igs":[407,465],"2-fold":[421],"higher":[422],"rate":[423],"patients.":[433],"These":[434],"findings":[435,627],"confirmed":[437],"independently":[438],"5-10":[449],"years":[450],"after":[451],"blood":[452],"collection.":[453],"patients,":[460],"42%":[461],"80%":[472],"assay.":[483],"last":[486,544],"progression,":[490],"classes":[496,522],"increased":[497],"60%,":[499],"rose":[505],"90%.":[507],"Interestingly,":[508],"equivalent":[514],"gamma":[517],"mu":[519],"pairs,":[528],"50%":[530],"having":[534],"sample":[539,545],"79%":[541],"Conclusion":[549],"Our":[550],"data":[551],"suggest":[552,628],"destined":[566],"Isotype":[569],"nature":[576],"(more":[583],"sensitive)":[584],"classes.":[591],"able":[595,635],"demonstrate":[597],"effect":[600],"Larger":[604],"studies":[605],"underway":[607],"independent":[615],"M-spike":[617],"quantitation,":[618],"FLC":[623],"Biologically,":[625],"our":[626],"clonal":[630],"plasma":[632,642],"cells":[633,643,659],"suppress":[637],"producing":[640],"non-clonal":[641],"far":[644],"effectively":[646],"IgM":[650],"secreting":[651],"cells,":[652],"occurs":[655],"frequently":[657],"will":[661],"undergo":[663],"malignant":[664],"transformation.":[665],"Disclosures":[666],"Bradwell:":[667],"Site":[670],"Group":[671],"Ltd:":[672],"Equity":[673],"Ownership.":[674]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-12-16T00:00:00"}
