{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2560004102","doi":null,"title":"Atheism and moral scepticism.","display_name":"Atheism and moral scepticism.","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2560004102","mag":"2560004102"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:etheses.whiterose.ac.uk:14967","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/14967/1/522353.pdf","pdf_url":"http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14967/1/522353.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401585","display_name":"White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14967/1/522353.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105421589","display_name":"Jonathan Daniel Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Daniel Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5105421589"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10297","display_name":"Philosophical Ethics and Theory","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10297","display_name":"Philosophical Ethics and Theory","score":0.9735999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.008200000040233135,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13150","display_name":"Study and Philosophy of Religion","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atheism","display_name":"atheism","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-skepticism","display_name":"moral skepticism","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaethics","display_name":"metaethics","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expressivism","display_name":"expressivism","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-fictionalism","display_name":"moral fictionalism","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argument-from-evil","display_name":"argument from evil","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theism","display_name":"theism","score":0.7580000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18296254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395219","display_name":"Skepticism","level":2,"score":0.9299695491790771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779783995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7066","display_name":"Atheism","level":2,"score":0.8566651940345764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.740473747253418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.7076231837272644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200610012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620805","display_name":"Theism","level":2,"score":0.677763819694519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6736329793930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200113983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48324","display_name":"Morality","level":2,"score":0.639625072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196919123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183493","display_name":"Darwinism","level":2,"score":0.5328149199485779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780037505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421730","display_name":"Expressivism","level":2,"score":0.5242003202438354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:etheses.whiterose.ac.uk:14967","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/14967/1/522353.pdf","pdf_url":"http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14967/1/522353.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401585","display_name":"White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/973268","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/973268","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"U - Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2560004102","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14967/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:etheses.whiterose.ac.uk:14967","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/14967/1/522353.pdf","pdf_url":"http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14967/1/522353.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401585","display_name":"White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2560004102.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2560004102.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":104,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7102398","https://openalex.org/W56199926","https://openalex.org/W61164574","https://openalex.org/W120689724","https://openalex.org/W125757428","https://openalex.org/W154779631","https://openalex.org/W354129317","https://openalex.org/W566572229","https://openalex.org/W590418448","https://openalex.org/W595620282","https://openalex.org/W606819821","https://openalex.org/W616544153","https://openalex.org/W628116209","https://openalex.org/W636141294","https://openalex.org/W637263364","https://openalex.org/W641865876","https://openalex.org/W648171614","https://openalex.org/W654196463","https://openalex.org/W1013930821","https://openalex.org/W1480072935","https://openalex.org/W1486234110","https://openalex.org/W1496670552","https://openalex.org/W1502465204","https://openalex.org/W1503488599","https://openalex.org/W1512284450","https://openalex.org/W1519937210","https://openalex.org/W1541600524","https://openalex.org/W1550372556","https://openalex.org/W1563660019","https://openalex.org/W1585749986","https://openalex.org/W1590776345","https://openalex.org/W1591891298","https://openalex.org/W1592649896","https://openalex.org/W1798903424","https://openalex.org/W1855752251","https://openalex.org/W1904849497","https://openalex.org/W1909250674","https://openalex.org/W1946091557","https://openalex.org/W1972290767","https://openalex.org/W1972519192","https://openalex.org/W1976479981","https://openalex.org/W1993128327","https://openalex.org/W1996067596","https://openalex.org/W2002070057","https://openalex.org/W2007255732","https://openalex.org/W2013109099","https://openalex.org/W2016397756","https://openalex.org/W2024731217","https://openalex.org/W2031962939","https://openalex.org/W2041618900","https://openalex.org/W2043535708","https://openalex.org/W2048102665","https://openalex.org/W2049621159","https://openalex.org/W2050169945","https://openalex.org/W2051218010","https://openalex.org/W2063397628","https://openalex.org/W2071294820","https://openalex.org/W2073000025","https://openalex.org/W2074102599","https://openalex.org/W2074397232","https://openalex.org/W2079109796","https://openalex.org/W2083341284","https://openalex.org/W2088724026","https://openalex.org/W2090888310","https://openalex.org/W2091213626","https://openalex.org/W2092337638","https://openalex.org/W2094093145","https://openalex.org/W2094823259","https://openalex.org/W2100007697","https://openalex.org/W2104036185","https://openalex.org/W2112984326","https://openalex.org/W2119467437","https://openalex.org/W2120221427","https://openalex.org/W2121980469","https://openalex.org/W2122794394","https://openalex.org/W2123791568","https://openalex.org/W2127323016","https://openalex.org/W2129270050","https://openalex.org/W2141146756","https://openalex.org/W2157770220","https://openalex.org/W2162212710","https://openalex.org/W2169097523","https://openalex.org/W2284456729","https://openalex.org/W2308104269","https://openalex.org/W2318056116","https://openalex.org/W2324982090","https://openalex.org/W2331313805","https://openalex.org/W2359336664","https://openalex.org/W2486182330","https://openalex.org/W2491128055","https://openalex.org/W2501991824","https://openalex.org/W2529991800","https://openalex.org/W2737670160","https://openalex.org/W2798221187","https://openalex.org/W2798653543","https://openalex.org/W2900333454","https://openalex.org/W2901568864","https://openalex.org/W3126133751","https://openalex.org/W3126296245","https://openalex.org/W3127139465","https://openalex.org/W3131119055","https://openalex.org/W4243142858","https://openalex.org/W4246503475","https://openalex.org/W4388156083"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2168451507","https://openalex.org/W7024704068","https://openalex.org/W2017040868","https://openalex.org/W7079586631","https://openalex.org/W1495839803","https://openalex.org/W2912981488","https://openalex.org/W2291530838","https://openalex.org/W3001021032","https://openalex.org/W2503014785","https://openalex.org/W7015247641"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"philosophers":[1],"have":[2,60,169,253,282],"argued,":[3],"and":[4,36,87,131,214,257,292],"continue":[5],"to":[6,62,80,101,128,151,164,171,224,252,272,284],"argue,":[7],"that":[8,58,66,97,105,119,124,184,188,219,226,246,266,278],"if":[9,14,199],"atheism":[10,86,165],"is":[11,16,221,228],"true":[12],"-":[13,40,158,166],"there":[15,42,220],"no":[17,29,44],"transcendent":[18,30],"creator":[19,31],"of":[20,25,32,37,68,112,156,208,211,235,276,280],"the":[21,53,64,103,138,159,181,192,209,242,286],"universe":[22],"or":[23,177],"parts":[24],"it":[26],"(most":[27],"importantly,":[28],"life":[33],"on":[34,127,259],"earth":[35],"human":[38],"beings)":[39],"then":[41],"are":[43,72,115],"moral":[45,70,109,143,153,174,197,212,238,243,247,255,293],"truths.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48,146],"essay,":[49],"I":[50,78,92,117,133,136,216,231,263],"argue":[51,118,218],"for":[52,140,194],"related":[54],"but":[55],"different":[56],"thesis":[57],"atheists":[59,149,185,189,236,267],"reason":[61,150,170,183,223],"accept":[63],"claim":[65,77],"all":[67],"their":[69,173],"beliefs":[71,175,256],"unwarranted":[73],"(or":[74,205],"unjustified),":[75],"a":[76],"refer":[79],"as":[81,261],"\"moral":[82],"scepticism\".":[83],"After":[84],"explaining":[85],"providing":[88],"some":[89,94,233],"metaethical":[90],"preliminaries,":[91],"consider":[93,172,232],"empirical":[95],"findings":[96],"might":[98],"be":[99,270],"thought":[100,213],"support":[102,123],"idea":[104,245],"everyone":[106],"should":[107],"embrace":[108,152],"scepticism":[110,198],"regardless":[111],"whether":[113],"they":[114,120,200],"atheists;":[116],"do":[121,167],"not":[122,168,180,269],"idea.":[125],"Going":[126],"discuss":[129],"Darwinism":[130],"morality,":[132],"develop":[134],"what":[135],"call":[137],"argument":[139,147,193,277,287],"atheistic":[141,195],"Darwinian":[142,196],"scepticism.":[144],"While":[145],"gives":[148],"scepticism,":[154,239],"advocates":[155],"theism":[157,291],"most":[160],"widely":[161],"defended":[162],"alternative":[163],"unwarranted,":[176],"at":[178],"least":[179],"same":[182],"do.":[186],"Acknowledging":[187],"could":[190],"avoid":[191],"can":[201,249],"maintain":[202],"an":[203],"expressivist":[204],"quasi-realist)":[206],"understanding":[207],"function":[210],"discourse,":[215],"nevertheless":[217],"good":[222],"believe":[225],"expressivism":[227],"false.":[229],"Lastly,":[230],"consequences":[234],"embracing":[237],"arguing":[240],"against":[241,290,295],"fictionalist":[244],"sceptics":[248],"simply":[250],"pretend":[251],"warranted":[254],"carry":[258],"much":[260],"before.":[262],"also":[264],"suggest":[265],"will":[268],"able":[271],"endorse":[273],"two":[274],"kinds":[275],"many":[279],"them":[281],"wanted":[283],"endorse:":[285],"from":[288],"evil":[289],"arguments":[294],"purported":[296],"divine":[297],"revelations.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-12-16T00:00:00"}
