{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2556058481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17037/pubs.02869483","title":"The private commercial sector distribution chain for antimalarial drugs in Cambodia - Findings from a rapid survey","display_name":"The private commercial sector distribution chain for antimalarial drugs in Cambodia - Findings from a rapid survey","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2556058481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17037/pubs.02869483","mag":"2556058481"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk:2869483","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/2869483/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402527","display_name":"LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","host_organization_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Monograph"},"volume":null,"type":"book","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.17037/pubs.02869483","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160719725","display_name":"E Patouillard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patouillard, E","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160598895","display_name":"C Goodman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Goodman, C","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160571931","display_name":"B Palafox","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Palafox, B","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160711293","display_name":"S Tougher","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tougher, S","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111385772","display_name":"K. Hanson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanson, K","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09492274,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11792","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12878","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Quality and Counterfeiting","score":0.017000000923871994,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10091","display_name":"Malaria Research and Control","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimalarial-drugs","display_name":"antimalarial drugs","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artemisinin-based-combination-therapy","display_name":"artemisinin-based combination therapy","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affordable-medicines-facility-malaria","display_name":"Affordable Medicines Facility-malaria","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-distribution-chain","display_name":"drug distribution chain","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-pricing","display_name":"drug pricing","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artemisinin-resistance","display_name":"artemisinin resistance","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cambodia","display_name":"Cambodia","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-fund","display_name":"Global Fund","score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-to-medicines","display_name":"access to medicines","score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copayments","display_name":"copayments","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulatory-compliance","display_name":"regulatory compliance","score":0.31200000643730164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5911510586738586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776120307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426921","display_name":"Artemisinin","level":4,"score":0.5712098479270935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121426985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591763","display_name":"Private sector","level":2,"score":0.557431697845459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.5343462824821472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5245909094810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84265765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193219","display_name":"Subsidy","level":2,"score":0.5095748901367188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778048844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12156","display_name":"Malaria","level":2,"score":0.3836374878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.34534913301467896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3133034110069275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.24275445938110352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.23249781131744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.2074183225631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.08124417066574097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778371730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311383","display_name":"Plasmodium falciparum","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk:2869483","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/2869483/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402527","display_name":"LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","host_organization_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Monograph"},{"id":"doi:10.17037/pubs.02869483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17037/pubs.02869483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17037/pubs.02869483","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400091","display_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","host_organization_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},{"id":"mag:2556058481","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/id/eprint/2869406/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.17037/pubs.02869483","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17037/pubs.02869483","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17037/pubs.02869483","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400091","display_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210089966","host_organization_name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089966"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8371999859809875,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5217000246047974,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2599364017","https://openalex.org/W6887500298","https://openalex.org/W7096124372","https://openalex.org/W2549216936","https://openalex.org/W2530264770","https://openalex.org/W2053454703","https://openalex.org/W2152499611","https://openalex.org/W2601975157","https://openalex.org/W2609700093","https://openalex.org/W2587639362"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,488],"November":[1],"2008,":[2],"the":[3,13,24,32,46,54,69,72,144,151,159,174,198,211,218,222,238,244,257,273,281,293,306,367,389,396,425,431,454,463,467,522,538,549,581,585,595,597,605],"Global":[4],"Fund":[5],"to":[6,41,87,113,125,135,170,173,193,201,215,264,313,364,417,558,568,584,617],"Fight":[7],"AIDS,":[8],"Tuberculosis":[9],"and":[10,39,48,50,77,81,117,127,149,169,185,246,259,267,290,295,351,353,407,410,482,485,498,511,542,601,604,612],"Malaria":[11],"launched":[12],"first":[14,152,219],"phase\\nof":[15],"a":[16,65,97,180,235,342,411,446,609],"new":[17],"global":[18],"subsidy":[19],"on":[20,280],"ACT,":[21],"known":[22,289],"as":[23,535,537],"Affordable":[25],"Medicines":[26],"Facility\u2010malaria":[27],"(AMFm).":[28],"The\\nprimary":[29],"objectives":[30],"of":[31,56,93,115,146,154,183,197,210,221,237,261,269,305,318,328,341,344,355,391,413,424,442,465,571,587,599],"AMFm":[33,73,131,223,230,321,582],"are:\\n1)":[34],"To":[35,52],"make":[36],"ACT":[37,103,203,573,588],"available":[38,279,394,439],"affordable":[40],"all":[42,579],"patients":[43],"through":[44,107],"both":[45],"public":[47,76,184,245,282],"private\\nsectors,":[49],"\\n2)":[51],"delay":[53],"onset":[55],"artemisinin":[57,61],"resistance":[58],"by":[59,324,453,622],"displacing":[60],"monotherapies":[62],"from\\nthe":[63],"market.\\nThrough":[64],"co\u2010payment":[66],"applied":[67],"at":[68,91,110,143,388,462],"manufacturer":[70],"level,":[71],"will":[74,104,251,450],"enable":[75],"private\\n(both":[78],"for":[79,156,217,226,241,335,372,434,473],"profit":[80],"not\u2010for\u2010profit)":[82],"suppliers":[83,139,506],"in":[84,205,316,395,421,430,499,521,548,619],"approved":[85],"countries":[86,213],"purchase":[88,126],"high\u2010quality":[89],"ACTs":[90,271],"a\\nfraction":[92],"current":[94],"prices.":[95],"As":[96],"result,":[98],"it":[99],"is":[100,190,208,277,287,401,460],"expected":[101],"that":[102,114,137,224,379,449],"be":[105,451,563],"sold":[106],"private":[108,186,247,298,330,359,368],"shops":[109],"a\\nprice":[111],"similar":[112],"older":[116],"less":[118],"effective":[119,320],"drugs,":[120],"thereby":[121],"dramatically":[122],"increasing":[123],"patients\u2019\\ncapacity":[124],"use":[128],"ACT.":[129],"\\nThe":[130,303],"has":[132],"been":[133,591],"designed":[134],"ensure":[136,194,265],"primary":[138],"\u2013":[140],"who":[141,578],"operate":[142],"top":[145],"the\\ndistribution":[147],"chain":[148,240,309,334,371,433],"are":[150,415],"point":[153],"entry":[155],"drugs":[157,393,420],"into":[158,256],"country":[160,231],"\u2010":[161],"maintain":[162],"any":[163],"pre\u2010\\nexisting":[164],"purchasing":[165],"relationships":[166],"with":[167,348,480,514,576],"manufacturers,":[168],"minimize":[171],"disruption":[172],"operation":[175],"of\\nthe":[176,297],"distribution":[177,284,301,308,333,432,484,541,586],"chain.":[178,302],"Gaining":[179],"comprehensive":[181],"understanding":[182,327],"sector":[187,300,332,551],"ACT\\ndistribution":[188],"channels":[189],"therefore":[191,312],"needed":[192],"successful":[195],"implementation":[196,322],"AMFm,":[199],"and\\nultimately":[200],"maximize":[202],"access":[204],"each":[206,476],"country.\\nCambodia":[207],"one":[209],"11":[212],"eligible":[214],"apply":[216],"phase":[220],"will\\noperate":[225],"18":[227],"months.":[228],"The":[229,249],"application":[232],"form":[233],"requests":[234],"description":[236,250],"current\\ndistribution":[239],"antimalarials":[242,494,603],"across":[243],"sectors.":[248],"serve":[252,366],"as\\na":[253],"key":[254],"input":[255],"selection":[258],"design":[260],"supporting":[262],"interventions":[263],"safe":[266],"effective\\ndistribution":[268],"co\u2010paid":[270,572],"under":[272],"AMFm.":[274],"While":[275],"there":[276,400],"information":[278],"and\\nNGO":[283],"chains,":[285],"little":[286],"currently":[288],"understood":[291],"about":[292],"actors":[294],"operations":[296],"commercial":[299,331,360,369],"objective":[304],"rapid":[307,444],"survey":[310],"was":[311,376,574],"assist":[314],"Cambodia":[315],"the\\ndevelopment":[317],"an":[319,326],"plan,":[323],"providing":[325],"the\\ncurrent":[329],"antimalarials.":[336],"This":[337,528],"report":[338,458],"presents":[339],"the\\nfindings":[340],"series":[343],"semi\u2010structured":[345],"interviews":[346],"conducted":[347],"government":[349],"officials":[350],"private\\nimporters":[352],"wholesalers":[354,491,520],"malaria":[356,373,435,474],"treatment.":[357,374],"\\nFour":[358],"importers":[361,497,515],"were":[362,437],"identified":[363],"regularly":[365],"sector\\ndistribution":[370],"There":[375],"some":[377,620],"indication":[378],"their":[380,532],"number":[381,426,534],"may":[382],"have\\nbeen":[383],"higher,":[384,564],"notably":[385],"from":[386,495,566],"looking":[387],"range":[390],"antimalarial":[392,614],"retail":[397,406,550],"market.":[398,504],"In\\nCambodia,":[399],"no":[402],"legal":[403],"distinction":[404],"between":[405,509],"wholesale":[408],"pharmacies":[409,428],"total":[412],"1213\\nbusinesses":[414],"registered":[416],"stock":[418],"pharmaceutical":[419],"general.":[422],"Estimates":[423],"of\\nwholesale":[427],"operating":[429],"treatment":[436],"not":[438],"at\\nII\\nthe":[440],"time":[441],"this":[443],"survey,":[445],"knowledge":[447],"gap":[448],"addressed":[452],"ACTwatch":[455],"Supply":[456],"Chain\\nStudy":[457],"which":[459],"due":[461],"beginning":[464],"2010.\\nIn":[466],"relatively":[468,539,610],"highly":[469],"concentrated":[470,613],"import":[471],"market":[472,615],"treatment,":[475],"company":[477],"supplied\\nmost":[478],"provinces,":[479],"wide\u2010reaching":[481],"well\u2010organised":[483],"promotion":[486],"systems.":[487],"the\\ncapital":[489],"city,":[490],"always":[492],"purchased":[493],"local":[496],"turn":[500],"also":[501,590],"served\\nthe":[502],"provincial":[503,526],"\\nWholesale":[505],"reported":[507,545,616],"applying":[508],"3%":[510],"45%":[512],"mark\u2010up,":[513],"adding\\nsomewhat":[516],"higher":[517,540],"markups":[518],"than":[519],"capital":[523],"city":[524],"or":[525,625],"towns.":[527],"situation\\nmight":[529],"have":[530,589],"reflected":[531],"limited":[533],"well":[536],"promotion\\ncosts":[543],"they":[544],"facing.":[546],"Yet":[547],"where":[552],"more":[553],"numerous":[554],"medicines":[555],"sellers":[556],"are\\nexpected":[557],"operate,":[559],"mark":[560],"ups":[561],"could":[562],"ranging":[565],"26%":[567],"88%.":[569],"\\nUptake":[570],"discussed":[575],"respondents":[577],"welcomed":[580],"initiative.\\nBarriers":[583],"identified,":[592],"mainly":[593],"around":[594],"regulatory\\nenvironment,":[596],"costs":[598],"distributing":[600],"promoting":[602],"risk":[606],"associated":[607],"with\\nentering":[608],"small":[611],"be,":[618],"instances,\\ndominated":[621],"cheaper":[623],"substandard":[624],"counterfeit":[626],"drugs.":[627]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-11-30T00:00:00"}