{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2554645208","doi":null,"title":"Informal Relationships at Workplace and Employee Performance: A Study of Employees Private Higher Education Sector","display_name":"Informal Relationships at Workplace and Employee Performance: A Study of Employees Private Higher Education Sector","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2554645208","mag":"2554645208"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.jes.ac.pk:article/447","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://jes.ac.pk/index.php/jes/article/view/447","pdf_url":"https://jes.ac.pk/index.php/jes/article/download/447/447","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738088027","display_name":"Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences","issn_l":"1997-8553","issn":["1997-8553","2309-8619"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319260","host_organization_name":"Johar Education Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Johar Education Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1997-8553","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://jes.ac.pk/index.php/jes/article/download/447/447","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002339989","display_name":"Zahra Amjad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahra Amjad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025340255","display_name":"Pirzada Sami Ullah Sabri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pirzada Sami","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091310324","display_name":"Ullah Sabri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ullah Sabri","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045181584","display_name":"Muhammad Ilyas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0573-5335","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0573-5335"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ilyas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0573-5335","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065743111","display_name":"Afshaan Hameed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Afshaan Hameed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9325,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9232647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"303","last_page":"321"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.5458999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.5458999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14309","display_name":"Employee Performance and Management","score":0.44999998807907104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13927","display_name":"Cyberloafing and Workplace Behavior","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workplace-friendship","display_name":"workplace friendship","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-performance","display_name":"employee performance","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-performance","display_name":"task performance","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-performance","display_name":"contextual performance","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-satisfaction","display_name":"job satisfaction","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turnover-intention","display_name":"turnover intention","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-commitment","display_name":"organizational commitment","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-staff","display_name":"university employees","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediating-effect","display_name":"mediating effect","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderating-effect","display_name":"moderating effect","score":0.8970000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778736484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q491","display_name":"Friendship","level":2,"score":0.788170337677002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2718322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629463","display_name":"Job satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.6768654584884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121426985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591763","display_name":"Private sector","level":2,"score":0.5831453800201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.529085636138916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4999511241912842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4829508662223816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294217","display_name":"Public sector","level":2,"score":0.4460655748844147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.40957728028297424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3327072858810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2639700174331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.jes.ac.pk:article/447","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://jes.ac.pk/index.php/jes/article/view/447","pdf_url":"https://jes.ac.pk/index.php/jes/article/download/447/447","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738088027","display_name":"Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences","issn_l":"1997-8553","issn":["1997-8553","2309-8619"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319260","host_organization_name":"Johar Education Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Johar Education Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1997-8553","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/188198","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/188198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:article"},{"id":"mag:2554645208","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://jespk.net/publications/237.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738088027","display_name":"Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences","issn_l":"1997-8553","issn":["1997-8553","2309-8619"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319260","host_organization_name":"Johar Education Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Johar Education Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS)","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.jes.ac.pk:article/447","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://jes.ac.pk/index.php/jes/article/view/447","pdf_url":"https://jes.ac.pk/index.php/jes/article/download/447/447","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738088027","display_name":"Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences","issn_l":"1997-8553","issn":["1997-8553","2309-8619"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319260","host_organization_name":"Johar Education Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Johar Education Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1997-8553","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.9211000204086304}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2554645208.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2554645208.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W70135487","https://openalex.org/W179744396","https://openalex.org/W1497748212","https://openalex.org/W1503202852","https://openalex.org/W1554134985","https://openalex.org/W1560905799","https://openalex.org/W1580769746","https://openalex.org/W1585021957","https://openalex.org/W1594244392","https://openalex.org/W1608572412","https://openalex.org/W1965337690","https://openalex.org/W1978245076","https://openalex.org/W1979521052","https://openalex.org/W1980050184","https://openalex.org/W1981260491","https://openalex.org/W1983215375","https://openalex.org/W1989252934","https://openalex.org/W1995064890","https://openalex.org/W2003138832","https://openalex.org/W2012648272","https://openalex.org/W2022786786","https://openalex.org/W2025997741","https://openalex.org/W2027051144","https://openalex.org/W2029560023","https://openalex.org/W2032385226","https://openalex.org/W2033645381","https://openalex.org/W2038674454","https://openalex.org/W2040767891","https://openalex.org/W2045563521","https://openalex.org/W2054913454","https://openalex.org/W2055240466","https://openalex.org/W2057913765","https://openalex.org/W2072510184","https://openalex.org/W2073117011","https://openalex.org/W2082599960","https://openalex.org/W2086097122","https://openalex.org/W2086709287","https://openalex.org/W2118487027","https://openalex.org/W2119897874","https://openalex.org/W2132934230","https://openalex.org/W2141700981","https://openalex.org/W2142040084","https://openalex.org/W2144275532","https://openalex.org/W2144321460","https://openalex.org/W2144351476","https://openalex.org/W2153838988","https://openalex.org/W2157013890","https://openalex.org/W2157184656","https://openalex.org/W2163535615","https://openalex.org/W2174255371","https://openalex.org/W2275871252","https://openalex.org/W2468692074","https://openalex.org/W2890840223","https://openalex.org/W2988078204","https://openalex.org/W3023007740","https://openalex.org/W4236501322"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2944212815","https://openalex.org/W7112840378","https://openalex.org/W1594244392","https://openalex.org/W2782220927","https://openalex.org/W2220801931","https://openalex.org/W4416134747","https://openalex.org/W4403654838","https://openalex.org/W4206694112","https://openalex.org/W4405261974","https://openalex.org/W3090285311"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Now":[0],"a":[1,5],"day's":[2],"employees":[3,16,52,167,192,231],"spend":[4],"large":[6],"portion":[7],"of":[8,25,33,53,57,91,97,124,140,162,168,193,200,229,253],"their":[9],"lives":[10],"at":[11,20,65],"workplace.":[12],"Accordingly,":[13],"friendships":[14],"among":[15,74],"are":[17],"often":[18],"formed":[19],"work":[21,148,243],"place.":[22],"The":[23,160],"objective":[24],"this":[26,236],"study":[27,63],"was":[28,165],"to":[29,109,190,223,241],"determine":[30],"the":[31,62,72,111,119,138,152,163,166,174,179,185,191,198,225,230,238,254],"impact":[32],"workplace":[34,75,120,145,203],"friendship":[35,121,150,204,245],"(WPF)":[36],"on":[37],"employee":[38],"task":[39],"and":[40,46,81,103,130,134,144,157,205,216,227,246,256],"contextual":[41,82],"performance,":[42,202],"job":[43,69,131],"satisfaction":[44,70,132,226],"(JS)":[45],"turnover":[47,158,247],"intentions":[48,248],"(TI)":[49],"in":[50,208],"university":[51],"higher":[54,94],"education":[55,95],"institutes":[56],"Punjab,":[58],"Pakistan.":[59],"In":[60],"addition":[61],"aimed":[64],"investigating":[66],"what":[67],"extent":[68],"mediates":[71,136],"relationship":[73,153],"friendship,":[76],"TI,":[77,141],"Task":[78],"performance":[79,83,129],"(TP),":[80],"(CP).":[84],"Data":[85],"were":[86,107,176],"collected":[87],"from":[88,178],"500":[89],"teachers":[90],"private":[92,169,181],"sector":[93,170,182,195],"Institutes":[96],"Punjab.":[98],"Step":[99],"wise":[100],"Regression":[101],"analyses":[102],"Principal":[104],"Component":[105],"analysis":[106],"used":[108],"confirm":[110],"research":[112,164],"hypothesis.":[113],"Results":[114],"showed":[115],"two":[116],"things:":[117],"first":[118],"has":[122],"variety":[123],"positive":[125],"functions":[126],"for":[127],"individual":[128],"positively":[133],"significantly":[135],"between":[137,154],"relationships":[139],"CP,":[142],"TP,":[143],"friendship.":[146],"Second":[147],"place":[149,244],"moderates":[151],"organization":[155],"commitment":[156,207,228],"intentions.":[159],"focus":[161],"HEIs":[171],"only.":[172],"Since":[173],"participants":[175],"only":[177],"five":[180],"universities":[183],"so":[184],"findings":[186],"cannot":[187],"be":[188],"generalized":[189],"public":[194],"universities.":[196],"Considering":[197],"importance":[199],"employee's":[201],"organizational":[206],"Higher":[209],"Education":[210],"Institution":[211],"(HEIs)":[212],"researchers,":[213],"policy":[214],"makers":[215],"academic":[217],"administrative":[218],"should":[219],"take":[220],"necessary":[221],"measures":[222],"increase":[224],"through":[232],"informal":[233],"relations.":[234],"Further":[235],"makes":[237],"valuable":[239],"contribution":[240],"both":[242],"literature":[249],"by":[250],"being":[251],"one":[252],"mediating":[255],"moderator":[257],"effects.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-11-30T00:00:00"}