{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2554101035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2017/03/028","title":"Constraining cosmic curvature by using age of galaxies and gravitational lenses","display_name":"Constraining cosmic curvature by using age of galaxies and gravitational lenses","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2554101035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2017/03/028","mag":"2554101035"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2017/03/028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2017/03/028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2017/03/028","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1475-7516/2017/03/028/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120662888","display_name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","issn_l":"1475-7508","issn":["1475-7508","1475-7516"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1475-7516/2017/03/028/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088658393","display_name":"Akshay Rana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4194-1395","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4194-1395","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9500-0390"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110166357","display_name":"University of Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzb2213","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akshay Rana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028170016","display_name":"Deepak Jain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9476-3671","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9476-3671"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110166357","display_name":"University of Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzb2213","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405276378","display_name":"Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College","ror":"https://ror.org/059t7v166","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110166357","https://openalex.org/I4405276378"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deepak Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Sector-3, Dwarka, Delhi 110078, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Sector-3, Dwarka, Delhi 110078, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110166357","https://openalex.org/I4405276378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090317453","display_name":"Shobhit Mahajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3736-1286","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3736-1286"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110166357","display_name":"University of Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzb2213","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shobhit Mahajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102798694","display_name":"Amitabha Mukherjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1492-7950","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1492-7950"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110166357","display_name":"University of Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzb2213","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amitabha Mukherjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7718,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":68,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95210467,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2017","issue":"03","first_page":"028","last_page":"028"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10026","display_name":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11415","display_name":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosmic-curvature","display_name":"cosmic curvature","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gravitational-lensing","display_name":"gravitational lensing","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gravitationally-lensed-quasars","display_name":"lensed quasars","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hubble-parameter","display_name":"Hubble parameter","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-processes","display_name":"Gaussian processes","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flat-universe","display_name":"flat universe","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-universe","display_name":"closed universe","score":0.6200000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.9307060241699219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.6729767918586731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103874350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179916","display_name":"Hubble's law","level":4,"score":0.6570067405700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84999194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1","display_name":"Universe","level":2,"score":0.6473707556724548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195407617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1647152","display_name":"Shape of the universe","level":4,"score":0.6217070817947388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33024259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76250","display_name":"Redshift","level":3,"score":0.6131329536437988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135041427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83373","display_name":"Quasar","level":3,"score":0.5635881423950195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20154449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129469","display_name":"Metric expansion of space","level":4,"score":0.5536014437675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98444146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galaxy","level":2,"score":0.5310300588607788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195065555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881","display_name":"Curvature","level":2,"score":0.45057258009910583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26405456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338","display_name":"Cosmology","level":2,"score":0.4410230815410614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59375849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5013513","display_name":"COSMIC cancer database","level":2,"score":0.4365948438644409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68498078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185243","display_name":"Gravitational lens","level":4,"score":0.43024155497550964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172790937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18343","display_name":"Dark energy","level":3,"score":0.37690484523773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.11915668845176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2017/03/028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2017/03/028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2017/03/028","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1475-7516/2017/03/028/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120662888","display_name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","issn_l":"1475-7508","issn":["1475-7508","1475-7516"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1611.07196","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1611.07196","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.07196","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1611.07196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1611.07196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1611.07196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2017/03/028","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2017/03/028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2017/03/028","pdf_url":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1475-7516/2017/03/028/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S120662888","display_name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","issn_l":"1475-7508","issn":["1475-7508","1475-7516"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311669","host_organization_name":"Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311669"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324131","display_name":"University of Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzb2213"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2554101035.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2554101035.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":99,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W200088169","https://openalex.org/W1502483639","https://openalex.org/W1543894024","https://openalex.org/W1717808836","https://openalex.org/W1726383791","https://openalex.org/W1754143407","https://openalex.org/W1819346083","https://openalex.org/W1832214832","https://openalex.org/W1886599636","https://openalex.org/W1909359706","https://openalex.org/W1909903278","https://openalex.org/W1963802336","https://openalex.org/W1965549649","https://openalex.org/W1975825273","https://openalex.org/W1976132535","https://openalex.org/W1978498913","https://openalex.org/W1981769908","https://openalex.org/W1989477517","https://openalex.org/W1992711351","https://openalex.org/W1992802153","https://openalex.org/W1993861466","https://openalex.org/W2000108314","https://openalex.org/W2011426435","https://openalex.org/W2013590278","https://openalex.org/W2018064521","https://openalex.org/W2019185840","https://openalex.org/W2019344527","https://openalex.org/W2024244587","https://openalex.org/W2029744870","https://openalex.org/W2031105670","https://openalex.org/W2032127578","https://openalex.org/W2037691849","https://openalex.org/W2041357589","https://openalex.org/W2045719640","https://openalex.org/W2048369744","https://openalex.org/W2053084496","https://openalex.org/W2056583201","https://openalex.org/W2064293510","https://openalex.org/W2065743072","https://openalex.org/W2073759703","https://openalex.org/W2075191797","https://openalex.org/W2075549850","https://openalex.org/W2076862920","https://openalex.org/W2078533319","https://openalex.org/W2082443206","https://openalex.org/W2088054394","https://openalex.org/W2101149392","https://openalex.org/W2105484619","https://openalex.org/W2112446256","https://openalex.org/W2114909577","https://openalex.org/W2115185242","https://openalex.org/W2115991454","https://openalex.org/W2117320545","https://openalex.org/W2129119343","https://openalex.org/W2133094711","https://openalex.org/W2133485195","https://openalex.org/W2135920379","https://openalex.org/W2136074994","https://openalex.org/W2138932248","https://openalex.org/W2147365542","https://openalex.org/W2147875900","https://openalex.org/W2157494422","https://openalex.org/W2159740059","https://openalex.org/W2160253850","https://openalex.org/W2160627596","https://openalex.org/W2164643184","https://openalex.org/W2172230699","https://openalex.org/W2172471412","https://openalex.org/W2193414665","https://openalex.org/W2235685666","https://openalex.org/W2272992477","https://openalex.org/W2307270779","https://openalex.org/W2316308681","https://openalex.org/W2321346633","https://openalex.org/W2339590713","https://openalex.org/W2346941984","https://openalex.org/W2460585722","https://openalex.org/W2461599601","https://openalex.org/W2475608640","https://openalex.org/W2501864044","https://openalex.org/W2507124735","https://openalex.org/W2547596387","https://openalex.org/W2548296855","https://openalex.org/W2569627297","https://openalex.org/W2575807003","https://openalex.org/W2739035628","https://openalex.org/W2949420919","https://openalex.org/W2950108385","https://openalex.org/W2950545517","https://openalex.org/W2952760840","https://openalex.org/W2952779166","https://openalex.org/W2963970807","https://openalex.org/W3009605832","https://openalex.org/W3033763768","https://openalex.org/W3103134011","https://openalex.org/W3105401162","https://openalex.org/W3106285198","https://openalex.org/W3123003888","https://openalex.org/W4292875581"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3031241390","https://openalex.org/W2362414358","https://openalex.org/W2909388314","https://openalex.org/W3158237604","https://openalex.org/W2041357589","https://openalex.org/W2787099731","https://openalex.org/W3054805628","https://openalex.org/W4387015421","https://openalex.org/W3041025132","https://openalex.org/W4361230443"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"use":[1,51,112],"two":[2],"model-independent":[3],"methods":[4,166],"to":[5,102],"constrain":[6],"the":[7,10,13,18,21,32,35,44,57,73,89,104,109,137,143,154,160,165,169],"curvature":[8,22,139],"of":[9,20,34,46,62,68,77],"universe.":[11],"In":[12,100],"first":[14,122],"method,":[15],"we":[16,49,111,124],"study":[17],"evolution":[19],"parameter":[23,37],"(\u03a9":[24],"k":[25,127],"0":[26,128,146],")":[27],"with":[28,88],"redshift":[29,91,144],"by":[30],"using":[31],"observations":[33],"Hubble":[36],"and":[38],"transverse":[39],"comoving":[40],"distances":[41],"obtained":[42],"from":[43,121,163],"age":[45],"galaxies.":[47],"Secondly,":[48],"also":[50],"an":[52],"indirect":[53],"method":[54,115,123],"based":[55],"on":[56],"mean":[58],"image":[59,75],"separation":[60,76],"statistics":[61],"gravitationally":[63],"lensed":[64,78],"quasars.":[65],"The":[66],"basis":[67],"this":[69],"methodology":[70],"is":[71,171],"that":[72,153,168],"average":[74],"images":[79],"will":[80],"show":[81],"a":[82,93,113,132,175],"positive,":[83],"negative":[84],"or":[85,96],"zero":[86],"correlation":[87],"source":[90],"in":[92,107],"closed,":[94],"open":[95],"flat":[97,134,176],"universe":[98,135,155,170,177],"respectively.":[99],"order":[101],"smoothen":[103],"datasets":[105],"used":[106],"both":[108,164],"methods,":[110],"non-parametric":[114],"namely,":[116],"Gaussian":[117],"Process":[118],"(GP).":[119],"Finally":[120],"obtain":[125],"\u03a9":[126],"=":[129],"0.025\u00b10.57":[130],"for":[131],"presumed":[133],"while":[136],"cosmic":[138],"remains":[140],"constant":[141],"throughout":[142],"region":[145],"<":[147,149],"z":[148],"1.37":[150],"which":[151],"indicates":[152],"may":[156],"be":[157,179],"homogeneous.":[158],"Moreover,":[159],"combined":[161],"result":[162],"suggests":[167],"marginally":[172],"closed.":[173],"However,":[174],"can":[178],"incorporated":[180],"at":[181],"3\u03c3":[182],"level.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-11-30T00:00:00"}
