{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2553847859","doi":null,"title":"Chitosan Decontamination with Non-Thermal Nitrogen Plasma to Enable Internal Use","display_name":"Chitosan Decontamination with Non-Thermal Nitrogen Plasma to Enable Internal Use","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2553847859","mag":"2553847859"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarsrepository.llu.edu:etd-1344","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/351","pdf_url":"https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/351","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196700","display_name":"The Scholars Repository - LLU (Loma Linda University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I26347476","host_organization_name":"Loma Linda University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26347476"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/351","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066580621","display_name":"Andrew R. Crofton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1105-3971","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1105-3971"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Crofton","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1105-3971","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066580621"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10642","display_name":"Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Applications","score":0.6664999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10642","display_name":"Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Applications","score":0.6664999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10488","display_name":"Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging","score":0.12939999997615814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10920","display_name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","score":0.04610000178217888,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chitosan","display_name":"chitosan","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-sterilization","display_name":"plasma sterilization","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depyrogenation","display_name":"depyrogenation","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endotoxin-reduction","display_name":"endotoxin reduction","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-size-reduction","display_name":"particle size reduction","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-weight-reduction","display_name":"molecular weight reduction","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degree-of-deacetylation","display_name":"degree of deacetylation","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-12","display_name":"IL-12","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bladder-cancer","display_name":"bladder cancer","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-regression","display_name":"tumor regression","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porcine-kidney","display_name":"porcine kidney","score":0.5680000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107211472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284486","display_name":"Human decontamination","level":2,"score":0.7823610901832581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779732960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408510","display_name":"Chitosan","level":2,"score":0.48951947689056396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13674155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513560","display_name":"Nonthermal plasma","level":3,"score":0.4816795289516449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.42742660641670227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.42471325397491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82706917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10251","display_name":"Plasma","level":2,"score":0.42346012592315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.41207608580589294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.27633434534072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13803347945213318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12147024273872375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarsrepository.llu.edu:etd-1344","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/351","pdf_url":"https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/351","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196700","display_name":"The Scholars Repository - LLU (Loma Linda University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I26347476","host_organization_name":"Loma Linda University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26347476"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2553847859","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1344&context=etd","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarsrepository.llu.edu:etd-1344","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/351","pdf_url":"https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/351","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196700","display_name":"The Scholars Repository - LLU (Loma Linda University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I26347476","host_organization_name":"Loma Linda University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26347476"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4396520742","display_name":"Intravesical Chitosan IL-12 Therapy in an Orthotopic Mouse Bladder Cancer Model","funder_award_id":"R43CA186374","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2553847859.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2553847859.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":129,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12086267","https://openalex.org/W16305173","https://openalex.org/W129167206","https://openalex.org/W172659988","https://openalex.org/W1158657002","https://openalex.org/W1485729838","https://openalex.org/W1486052473","https://openalex.org/W1519059160","https://openalex.org/W1520484645","https://openalex.org/W1529343831","https://openalex.org/W1548751297","https://openalex.org/W1561375374","https://openalex.org/W1568216484","https://openalex.org/W1575882926","https://openalex.org/W1591844273","https://openalex.org/W1608367430","https://openalex.org/W1609710757","https://openalex.org/W1967384297","https://openalex.org/W1968101765","https://openalex.org/W1968179926","https://openalex.org/W1970681090","https://openalex.org/W1973722572","https://openalex.org/W1979275399","https://openalex.org/W1980778575","https://openalex.org/W1983074415","https://openalex.org/W1983509147","https://openalex.org/W1983663472","https://openalex.org/W1984665113","https://openalex.org/W1992419966","https://openalex.org/W1995166151","https://openalex.org/W1996859731","https://openalex.org/W1997700193","https://openalex.org/W1997913769","https://openalex.org/W1999247881","https://openalex.org/W1999997428","https://openalex.org/W2000587976","https://openalex.org/W2002656273","https://openalex.org/W2004089994","https://openalex.org/W2009349915","https://openalex.org/W2010384690","https://openalex.org/W2010884702","https://openalex.org/W2012257771","https://openalex.org/W2013848373","https://openalex.org/W2015155135","https://openalex.org/W2016098890","https://openalex.org/W2020999936","https://openalex.org/W2024105738","https://openalex.org/W2024541446","https://openalex.org/W2026333081","https://openalex.org/W2026411674","https://openalex.org/W2026547691","https://openalex.org/W2027080975","https://openalex.org/W2027216673","https://openalex.org/W2028012698","https://openalex.org/W2030994016","https://openalex.org/W2033466103","https://openalex.org/W2033750865","https://openalex.org/W2033790200","https://openalex.org/W2034829127","https://openalex.org/W2035828045","https://openalex.org/W2035851415","https://openalex.org/W2038241878","https://openalex.org/W2043252898","https://openalex.org/W2047789536","https://openalex.org/W2048894759","https://openalex.org/W2049663273","https://openalex.org/W2050094423","https://openalex.org/W2052773586","https://openalex.org/W2053902138","https://openalex.org/W2053944183","https://openalex.org/W2055698729","https://openalex.org/W2056315834","https://openalex.org/W2057317174","https://openalex.org/W2063682590","https://openalex.org/W2063843145","https://openalex.org/W2064184046","https://openalex.org/W2065090448","https://openalex.org/W2065340015","https://openalex.org/W2066311937","https://openalex.org/W2068849608","https://openalex.org/W2068858924","https://openalex.org/W2073420138","https://openalex.org/W2073776896","https://openalex.org/W2074450945","https://openalex.org/W2076567059","https://openalex.org/W2077884368","https://openalex.org/W2081024439","https://openalex.org/W2081938664","https://openalex.org/W2083616533","https://openalex.org/W2087754237","https://openalex.org/W2088793639","https://openalex.org/W2094375101","https://openalex.org/W2100510996","https://openalex.org/W2103722820","https://openalex.org/W2104294640","https://openalex.org/W2105935489","https://openalex.org/W2106787323","https://openalex.org/W2117237211","https://openalex.org/W2120026414","https://openalex.org/W2121136366","https://openalex.org/W2134422533","https://openalex.org/W2140114661","https://openalex.org/W2142259184","https://openalex.org/W2142980849","https://openalex.org/W2146761676","https://openalex.org/W2146951052","https://openalex.org/W2149473117","https://openalex.org/W2150255388","https://openalex.org/W2152106693","https://openalex.org/W2154899729","https://openalex.org/W2155580352","https://openalex.org/W2155829623","https://openalex.org/W2156137190","https://openalex.org/W2160755091","https://openalex.org/W2162926876","https://openalex.org/W2163175900","https://openalex.org/W2163796754","https://openalex.org/W2166152735","https://openalex.org/W2167347711","https://openalex.org/W2168459754","https://openalex.org/W2171923478","https://openalex.org/W2324396893","https://openalex.org/W2341171988","https://openalex.org/W2412192127","https://openalex.org/W2441654049","https://openalex.org/W2493629199","https://openalex.org/W2514344223","https://openalex.org/W2953059264","https://openalex.org/W3004880783"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2296398610","https://openalex.org/W4415494552","https://openalex.org/W2020322655","https://openalex.org/W2810244551","https://openalex.org/W3198024839","https://openalex.org/W4214594793","https://openalex.org/W2063682590","https://openalex.org/W2565634983","https://openalex.org/W2594900108","https://openalex.org/W2161995827"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Chitosan":[0],"(CS)":[1],"is":[2,7,29,77],"a":[3,10,34,78,126,153,161],"ubiquitous":[4],"biopolymer":[5],"and":[6,21,44,52,67,86,106,112,139,144,180,190,200,208,216,223,267,272,283,321],"recognized":[8],"as":[9,33],"promising":[11],"biomedical":[12],"material.":[13],"Potential":[14],"medical":[15],"applications":[16,340],"for":[17],"chitosan":[18,28,46,69,83,123,128,165,260],"are":[19,237],"extensive":[20],"many":[22],"have":[23],"shown":[24],"impressive":[25],"results.":[26],"However,":[27],"clinically":[30],"only":[31,205],"used":[32],"topical":[35],"hemostatic":[36,259,299],"agent":[37],"due":[38],"to":[39,42,89,93,183,239,285,302],"an":[40],"inability":[41],"sterilize":[43,66],"depyrogenate":[45,68],"without":[47],"negatively":[48],"altering":[49],"its":[50,72,91],"physical":[51],"biological":[53,73,250],"properties":[54,169,251,300],"with":[55,129,197,214,263,279,309],"conventional":[56],"techniques.":[57],"We":[58,148,173],"hypothesized":[59],"that":[60,175,258,294],"non-thermal":[61],"nitrogen":[62],"plasma":[63,76],"(NtNP)":[64],"would":[65],"while":[70],"preserving":[71],"properties.":[74],"Since":[75],"surface":[79,92],"treatment,":[80],"we":[81],"micronized":[82],"using":[84],"cryo-ball":[85],"cryo-jet":[87],"milling":[88,97],"increase":[90],"volume":[94],"ratio.":[95],"Cryo-jet":[96],"produced":[98,125],"the":[99,121,240,249,311],"smallest":[100],"mean":[101],"particle":[102],"size":[103],"(16.05":[104],"\u03bcm)":[105],"reduced":[107,136],"molecular":[108],"weight":[109],"36.5%":[110],"(MW)":[111],"degree":[113],"of":[114,120,170,193,211,225,252,325,338,341,346],"deacetylation":[115],"(DD)":[116],"9.6%.":[117],"NtNP":[118,246,268],"treatment":[119,281],"resultant":[122],"powder":[124],"sterile":[127],"endotoxin":[130],"levels":[131],"<2.50":[132],"EU/g,":[133],"but":[134,204],"further":[135],"MW":[137],"40%":[138],"DD":[140],"6.3%.":[141],"Nitrogen":[142],"content":[143],"bioadhesivity":[145],"were":[146,313],"unaltered.":[147],"tested":[149],"biologic":[150],"functionality":[151],"in":[152,159,187,331,348],"murine":[154],"orthotopic":[155],"bladder":[156,176,349],"cancer":[157,350],"model":[158,256,292],"which":[160],"previous":[162],"study":[163,244],"showed":[164,257,293],"dramatically":[166],"enhanced":[167],"anti-tumor":[168],"interleukin-12":[171],"(IL-12).":[172],"found":[174],"tumors":[177,232],"regressed":[178],"\u2013":[179,186],"mice":[181,195,212,230],"survived":[182],"90":[184],"days":[185],"88%":[188],"(n=16)":[189],"92%":[191,224],"(n=12)":[192,207],"C57Bl/6":[194],"treated":[196,213,229,278],"unsterile":[198,226],"chitosan+IL-12":[199,221,227,243,347],"plasma-sterilized":[201,220],"chitosan+IL-12,":[202],"respectively,":[203],"8%":[206],"0%":[209],"(n=3)":[210],"saline":[215],"CS-alone,":[217],"respectively.":[218],"All":[219],"(n=11)":[222],"(n=13)":[228],"rejected":[231],"upon":[233],"re-challenge.":[234],"These":[235],"results":[236],"equivalent":[238,284],"previously":[241],"published":[242],"suggesting":[245],"sterilization":[247],"preserved":[248],"chitosan.":[253],"A":[254,288],"rat":[255],"pads":[261,277,296,312],"sterilized":[262,304],"electron":[264],"beam":[265],"irradiation":[266],"stopped":[269],"femoral":[270],"artery":[271],"artery/vein":[273],"bleeding":[274,291],"better":[275],"than":[276],"either":[280],"alone":[282],"unsterilized":[286],"pads.":[287,305],"porcine":[289],"kidney":[290],"NtNP-sterilized":[295],"had":[297],"superior":[298],"compared":[301],"e-beam":[303],"No":[306],"complications":[307],"associated":[308],"implanting":[310],"observed":[314],"14-weeks":[315],"post-operatively.":[316],"Histologic":[317],"examination":[318],"demonstrated":[319],"tissue":[320],"inflammatory":[322],"reactions":[323],"characteristic":[324],"foreign":[326],"body":[327],"implants.":[328],"Knowledge":[329],"gained":[330],"these":[332],"studies":[333],"will":[334],"allow":[335],"clinical":[336],"testing":[337],"parenteral":[339],"chitosan,":[342],"including":[343],"immediate":[344],"trials":[345],"patients.":[351]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-11-30T00:00:00"}
