{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2553374478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su8111190","title":"Effects of Urbanization on Landscape Patterns in a Mountainous Area: A Case Study in the Mentougou District, Beijing, China","display_name":"Effects of Urbanization on Landscape Patterns in a Mountainous Area: A Case Study in the Mentougou District, Beijing, China","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2553374478","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su8111190","mag":"2553374478"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su8111190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su8111190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su8111190","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/8/11/1190/pdf?version=1479457659","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/8/11/1190/pdf?version=1479457659","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083131489","display_name":"Yi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0009-7132","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0009-7132","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1330-9985"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101625790","display_name":"Yuanyuan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2986-2769","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2986-2769"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyuan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102726074","display_name":"Guodong Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4613-5299","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4613-5299"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guodong Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010680242","display_name":"Guanglei Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0486-1532","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0486-1532"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanglei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011514083","display_name":"Mingchang Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4918-1097","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4918-1097"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31683504","display_name":"Beijing Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xv2pc41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1327237609","https://openalex.org/I31683504","https://openalex.org/I4210127390"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingchang Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yue Cao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yongding Beijing River Management Office, Beijing Municipal Water Affairs Bureau, Beijing 100165, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yongding Beijing River Management Office, Beijing Municipal Water Affairs Bureau, Beijing 100165, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101625790"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31683504"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":1.7164,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82224976,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"11","first_page":"1190","last_page":"1190"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.5503000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.5503000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13203","display_name":"Environmental Changes in China","score":0.44600000977516174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"urbanization","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landscape-pattern-dynamics","display_name":"landscape pattern dynamics","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mountainous-areas","display_name":"mountainous terrain","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/built-up-area-expansion","display_name":"built-up area expansion","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cropland-conversion","display_name":"cropland conversion","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landscape-heterogeneity","display_name":"landscape heterogeneity","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landscape-fragmentation","display_name":"landscape fragmentation","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-expansion","display_name":"urban expansion","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-urbanization","display_name":"sustainable urbanization","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mentougou-district","display_name":"Mentougou District","score":0.8820000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.9082794189453125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778304055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657474","display_name":"Beijing","level":3,"score":0.7555635571479797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.7148885726928711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.5735809206962585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5732526779174805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.5112895965576172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.5101640224456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.4525345265865326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.19959333539009094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.07724067568778992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/su8111190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su8111190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su8111190","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/8/11/1190/pdf?version=1479457659","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:8:y:2016:i:11:p:1190-:d:83153","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/8/11/1190/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:632ce4fe97354a7cab2091b7f2fcdba3","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/632ce4fe97354a7cab2091b7f2fcdba3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability, Vol 8, Iss 11, p 1190 (2016)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/su8111190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su8111190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su8111190","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/8/11/1190/pdf?version=1479457659","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10134376","display_name":"Sustainability","issn_l":"2071-1050","issn":["2071-1050"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land","score":0.4390000104904175}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2553374478.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2553374478.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W955558374","https://openalex.org/W1218829461","https://openalex.org/W1498349917","https://openalex.org/W1499492593","https://openalex.org/W1504332049","https://openalex.org/W1698834387","https://openalex.org/W1795793902","https://openalex.org/W1804184653","https://openalex.org/W1824331153","https://openalex.org/W1969348019","https://openalex.org/W1971240982","https://openalex.org/W1974609410","https://openalex.org/W1982892038","https://openalex.org/W1992456532","https://openalex.org/W1994019700","https://openalex.org/W2002427466","https://openalex.org/W2006296944","https://openalex.org/W2008458640","https://openalex.org/W2017107861","https://openalex.org/W2023564174","https://openalex.org/W2026756860","https://openalex.org/W2026863591","https://openalex.org/W2031597838","https://openalex.org/W2033253304","https://openalex.org/W2040511722","https://openalex.org/W2047397928","https://openalex.org/W2047817441","https://openalex.org/W2052424715","https://openalex.org/W2057551254","https://openalex.org/W2060654565","https://openalex.org/W2087906844","https://openalex.org/W2092606279","https://openalex.org/W2095695115","https://openalex.org/W2108889984","https://openalex.org/W2113116949","https://openalex.org/W2119959205","https://openalex.org/W2147842399","https://openalex.org/W2151689871","https://openalex.org/W2152746086","https://openalex.org/W2166109934","https://openalex.org/W2315125297","https://openalex.org/W2326628356","https://openalex.org/W4233193375","https://openalex.org/W6662360990"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3036946396","https://openalex.org/W2794556303","https://openalex.org/W1982930231","https://openalex.org/W2733098106","https://openalex.org/W1998793555","https://openalex.org/W2939743754","https://openalex.org/W2385923363","https://openalex.org/W2353368868","https://openalex.org/W2316753828","https://openalex.org/W4396667422"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,70],"explored":[1],"the":[2,73,80,92,98,115,124,135,138,143,158,162,167,183,192,206,210,213,231,246],"process":[3],"of":[4,60,97,123,166,197,233,240],"urbanization":[5,14,17,29,168,198],"in":[6,30,52,63,114,161,191,212,225],"a":[7,12,57,241],"mountainous":[8,31,226],"area":[9,76,87,111],"to":[10,47,54,68],"seek":[11],"sustainable":[13,242],"strategy.":[15],"Previous":[16],"research":[18],"has":[19],"mainly":[20,203],"focused":[21,204],"on":[22,199,205,230],"flat":[23],"terrain":[24],"and":[25,28,44,82,103,142,153,172,209,216,235],"coastal":[26],"areas,":[27],"areas":[32,227],"remains":[33],"poorly":[34],"understood.":[35],"This":[36],"study":[37,59,93],"integrated":[38],"geographic":[39],"information":[40],"systems,":[41],"remote":[42],"sensing,":[43],"statistical":[45],"analysis":[46],"quantify":[48],"landscape":[49,128,147,180,200],"patterns":[50,129,148,201],"dynamics":[51],"response":[53],"urbanization,":[55],"with":[56,79,95,179],"case":[58],"Mentougou":[61],"District":[62],"Beijing,":[64],"China":[65],"from":[66,100,105],"1985":[67],"2014.":[69],"found":[71],"that":[72],"total":[74],"built-up":[75,86,173],"increased":[77,88],"along":[78],"population":[81],"economic":[83,171],"indicators.":[84],"The":[85,108,127,195],"by":[89],"one-third":[90],"over":[91,131],"period,":[94],"73.38%":[96],"increase":[99],"converted":[101,106],"cropland":[102,234],"12.22%":[104],"orchard.":[107],"urban":[109,223],"expansion":[110,125],"was":[112],"concentrated":[113],"plain":[116,163,193,207],"sub-region":[117,141],"(<200":[118],"m":[119],"elevation,":[120],"comprising":[121],"68.85%":[122],"area).":[126],"varied":[130],"this":[132],"period.":[133],"For":[134],"whole":[136,184,247],"region,":[137,185],"low":[139,214],"mountain":[140,145,215,218],"high":[144,217],"sub-region,":[146,208],"gradually":[149],"became":[150],"more":[151],"heterogeneous":[152],"fragmented,":[154],"but":[155,186],"they":[156,187],"showed":[157],"opposite":[159],"trend":[160],"sub-region.":[164,194],"None":[165],"indicators":[169],"(population,":[170],"land":[174],"area)":[175],"were":[176,188,202,220],"significantly":[177,189],"correlated":[178,190],"metrics":[181],"for":[182,245],"impacts":[196],"effects":[211],"sub-regions":[219],"weak.":[221],"Future":[222],"development":[224,243],"should":[228],"focus":[229],"protection":[232],"local":[236],"industries":[237],"as":[238],"part":[239],"strategy":[244],"region.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-11-30T00:00:00"}
