{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2553289092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43540-4_5","title":"Evolution of Toxin","display_name":"Evolution of Toxin","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2553289092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43540-4_5","mag":"2553289092"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43540-4_5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43540-4_5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43540-4_5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169743","display_name":"SpringerBriefs in biochemistry and molecular biology","issn_l":"2211-9353","issn":["2211-9353","2211-9361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SpringerBriefs in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2551515560","display_name":"Protein Toxins in Modeling Biochemistry"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078492523","display_name":"Praveen Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6596-9283","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6596-9283"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raj Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Botulinum Research Centre, Institute of Advanced Sciences, 86-410B Faunce Corner Mall Road, Dartmouth, MA, 02747, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Botulinum Research Centre, Institute of Advanced Sciences, 86-410B Faunce Corner Mall Road, Dartmouth, MA, 02747, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083903249","display_name":"Bal Ram Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9069-1487","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9069-1487"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bal Ram Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Botulinum Research Centre, Institute of Advanced Sciences, 86-410B Faunce Corner Mall Road, Dartmouth, MA, 02747, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Botulinum Research Centre, Institute of Advanced Sciences, 86-410B Faunce Corner Mall Road, Dartmouth, MA, 02747, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078492523"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3281,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85089463,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"113","last_page":"134"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11353","display_name":"Venomous Animal Envenomation and Studies","score":0.7153000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11353","display_name":"Venomous Animal Envenomation and Studies","score":0.7153000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3005","display_name":"Toxicology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12477","display_name":"Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins","score":0.11630000174045563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.07620000094175339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxin-evolution","display_name":"toxin evolution","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-toxins","display_name":"animal toxins","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-toxins","display_name":"bacterial toxins","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-toxins","display_name":"protein toxins","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-arms-race","display_name":"evolutionary arms race","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horizontal-gene-transfer","display_name":"horizontal gene transfer","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-duplication","display_name":"gene duplication","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recombination","display_name":"recombination","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-mutations","display_name":"point mutations","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-translational-modification","display_name":"post-translational modification","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-plasticity","display_name":"structural plasticity","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxin-specificity","display_name":"toxin specificity","score":0.5109999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7496802806854248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92938381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83185","display_name":"Horizontal gene transfer","level":4,"score":0.5968570709228516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989419327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322348","display_name":"Arms race","level":2,"score":0.5692520141601562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.5482051372528076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.5242172479629517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.5039066672325134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7602840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746284","display_name":"Gene duplication","level":3,"score":0.4785650074481964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166393388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856529","display_name":"Molecular evolution","level":4,"score":0.47635483741760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.46043461561203003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.44502684473991394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7386963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3954859","display_name":"Negative selection","level":4,"score":0.4355080723762512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.1826261579990387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.10457587242126465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6303427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398","display_name":"Economic history","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43540-4_5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43540-4_5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43540-4_5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169743","display_name":"SpringerBriefs in biochemistry and molecular biology","issn_l":"2211-9353","issn":["2211-9353","2211-9361"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SpringerBriefs in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1577566890","https://openalex.org/W1620564540","https://openalex.org/W1965869751","https://openalex.org/W1966621001","https://openalex.org/W1968995522","https://openalex.org/W1969915716","https://openalex.org/W1971968167","https://openalex.org/W1972740086","https://openalex.org/W1976267307","https://openalex.org/W1977538576","https://openalex.org/W1980598644","https://openalex.org/W1981733318","https://openalex.org/W1994860986","https://openalex.org/W1998965573","https://openalex.org/W2000967260","https://openalex.org/W2001358199","https://openalex.org/W2004184848","https://openalex.org/W2005177747","https://openalex.org/W2005462184","https://openalex.org/W2008964357","https://openalex.org/W2010146383","https://openalex.org/W2010956452","https://openalex.org/W2022104280","https://openalex.org/W2023256861","https://openalex.org/W2025765364","https://openalex.org/W2035733413","https://openalex.org/W2037744745","https://openalex.org/W2039949556","https://openalex.org/W2040049510","https://openalex.org/W2041963246","https://openalex.org/W2047817853","https://openalex.org/W2047919626","https://openalex.org/W2048912867","https://openalex.org/W2051187646","https://openalex.org/W2051830305","https://openalex.org/W2054275184","https://openalex.org/W2056384440","https://openalex.org/W2058740646","https://openalex.org/W2061761037","https://openalex.org/W2073555092","https://openalex.org/W2080967293","https://openalex.org/W2101995406","https://openalex.org/W2102150987","https://openalex.org/W2105451491","https://openalex.org/W2106449364","https://openalex.org/W2111631843","https://openalex.org/W2115040173","https://openalex.org/W2118578832","https://openalex.org/W2119205961","https://openalex.org/W2121035957","https://openalex.org/W2121695290","https://openalex.org/W2122524633","https://openalex.org/W2122536720","https://openalex.org/W2127774597","https://openalex.org/W2128296317","https://openalex.org/W2129733478","https://openalex.org/W2130890398","https://openalex.org/W2135740694","https://openalex.org/W2137874567","https://openalex.org/W2142794823","https://openalex.org/W2146755688","https://openalex.org/W2155832181","https://openalex.org/W2156238202","https://openalex.org/W2159509794","https://openalex.org/W2171848078","https://openalex.org/W2427140576","https://openalex.org/W2602364388","https://openalex.org/W4240470410"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041963246","https://openalex.org/W2907594772","https://openalex.org/W1557160400","https://openalex.org/W2804707835","https://openalex.org/W1994637282","https://openalex.org/W3106692754","https://openalex.org/W4212800269","https://openalex.org/W2485290851","https://openalex.org/W1805274047","https://openalex.org/W4280571897"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-11-30T00:00:00"}