{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2552361231","doi":null,"title":"The Generation of Astrocytes from Stem Cells and their Potency to Regain Stem Cell Potential","display_name":"The Generation of Astrocytes from Stem Cells and their Potency to Regain Stem Cell Potential","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2552361231","mag":"2552361231"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:kops.uni-konstanz.de:123456789/35326","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-0-363060","pdf_url":"https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/server/api/core/bitstreams/cc1998dd-aff8-4026-83eb-bdf3ebf94fe2/content","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401487","display_name":"KOPS (University of Konstanz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","host_organization_name":"University of Konstanz","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"doc-type:doctoralThesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/server/api/core/bitstreams/cc1998dd-aff8-4026-83eb-bdf3ebf94fe2/content","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010250584","display_name":"Susanne Kleiderman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Susanne Kleiderman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010250584"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10608","display_name":"Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms","score":0.9628999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2806","display_name":"Developmental Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10608","display_name":"Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms","score":0.9628999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2806","display_name":"Developmental Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10505","display_name":"Pluripotent Stem Cells Research","score":0.012600000016391277,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11266","display_name":"Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms","score":0.00839999970048666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrocytes","display_name":"astrocytes","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mage","display_name":"MAGE","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-stem-cells","display_name":"neural stem cells","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fgf2","display_name":"FGF2","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-cycle-re-entry","display_name":"cell cycle re-entry","score":0.7319999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28328180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48196","display_name":"Stem cell","level":2,"score":0.7551854848861694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57992300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2066956","display_name":"Potency","level":3,"score":0.5125229358673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136834591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2944097","display_name":"Neural stem cell","level":3,"score":0.4820895493030548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.4500475525856018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.39115971326828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3730044662952423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.1021902859210968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.07497712969779968}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:kops.uni-konstanz.de:123456789/35326","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-0-363060","pdf_url":"https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/server/api/core/bitstreams/cc1998dd-aff8-4026-83eb-bdf3ebf94fe2/content","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401487","display_name":"KOPS (University of Konstanz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","host_organization_name":"University of Konstanz","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"doc-type:doctoralThesis"},{"id":"mag:2552361231","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/handle/123456789/35326","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:kops.uni-konstanz.de:123456789/35326","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-0-363060","pdf_url":"https://kops.uni-konstanz.de/server/api/core/bitstreams/cc1998dd-aff8-4026-83eb-bdf3ebf94fe2/content","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401487","display_name":"KOPS (University of Konstanz)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","host_organization_name":"University of Konstanz","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"doc-type:doctoralThesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2552361231.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2552361231.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":213,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28767225","https://openalex.org/W92814390","https://openalex.org/W204348490","https://openalex.org/W403692474","https://openalex.org/W941814626","https://openalex.org/W1484168138","https://openalex.org/W1503280981","https://openalex.org/W1503727145","https://openalex.org/W1517261517","https://openalex.org/W1523922157","https://openalex.org/W1544587770","https://openalex.org/W1551925364","https://openalex.org/W1598927381","https://openalex.org/W1628352443","https://openalex.org/W1658019286","https://openalex.org/W1733539716","https://openalex.org/W1772857860","https://openalex.org/W1795809970","https://openalex.org/W1832520743","https://openalex.org/W1868273134","https://openalex.org/W1877235802","https://openalex.org/W1900227502","https://openalex.org/W1913938270","https://openalex.org/W1941306396","https://openalex.org/W1964417952","https://openalex.org/W1966756632","https://openalex.org/W1969761972","https://openalex.org/W1972298775","https://openalex.org/W1972351022","https://openalex.org/W1973224870","https://openalex.org/W1973614663","https://openalex.org/W1974932537","https://openalex.org/W1976325242","https://openalex.org/W1978228545","https://openalex.org/W1978836458","https://openalex.org/W1980217666","https://openalex.org/W1980286364","https://openalex.org/W1982002134","https://openalex.org/W1982954912","https://openalex.org/W1983629204","https://openalex.org/W1985651814","https://openalex.org/W1988976106","https://openalex.org/W1989249456","https://openalex.org/W1989920563","https://openalex.org/W1992521533","https://openalex.org/W1994630549","https://openalex.org/W1996603253","https://openalex.org/W1997276601","https://openalex.org/W1998723427","https://openalex.org/W1999495459","https://openalex.org/W1999548960","https://openalex.org/W2002391343","https://openalex.org/W2002802452","https://openalex.org/W2002902649","https://openalex.org/W2003159334","https://openalex.org/W2003674452","https://openalex.org/W2004008188","https://openalex.org/W2007577841","https://openalex.org/W2009719433","https://openalex.org/W2009876840","https://openalex.org/W2010379316","https://openalex.org/W2012088452","https://openalex.org/W2012253237","https://openalex.org/W2013650320","https://openalex.org/W2018235103","https://openalex.org/W2019113072","https://openalex.org/W2019136342","https://openalex.org/W2022908550","https://openalex.org/W2022951950","https://openalex.org/W2024717575","https://openalex.org/W2025494835","https://openalex.org/W2026062265","https://openalex.org/W2026415168","https://openalex.org/W2026751327","https://openalex.org/W2029373779","https://openalex.org/W2029960234","https://openalex.org/W2030352252","https://openalex.org/W2030913726","https://openalex.org/W2031611126","https://openalex.org/W2033273863","https://openalex.org/W2033284482","https://openalex.org/W2033798450","https://openalex.org/W2037328262","https://openalex.org/W2041977230","https://openalex.org/W2042293617","https://openalex.org/W2043574105","https://openalex.org/W2044730840","https://openalex.org/W2045314069","https://openalex.org/W2045427477","https://openalex.org/W2045899482","https://openalex.org/W2046006021","https://openalex.org/W2046157151","https://openalex.org/W2047098628","https://openalex.org/W2047672059","https://openalex.org/W2047755130","https://openalex.org/W2048086625","https://openalex.org/W2049071740","https://openalex.org/W2052767351","https://openalex.org/W2053442692","https://openalex.org/W2054226413","https://openalex.org/W2055129010","https://openalex.org/W2055561480","https://openalex.org/W2058311433","https://openalex.org/W2058990053","https://openalex.org/W2059276463","https://openalex.org/W2062118486","https://openalex.org/W2063509019","https://openalex.org/W2065709540","https://openalex.org/W2065839907","https://openalex.org/W2065970275","https://openalex.org/W2067856703","https://openalex.org/W2070759879","https://openalex.org/W2071842056","https://openalex.org/W2073209734","https://openalex.org/W2073390876","https://openalex.org/W2073541234","https://openalex.org/W2074131381","https://openalex.org/W2074661552","https://openalex.org/W2075317738","https://openalex.org/W2075628085","https://openalex.org/W2076066796","https://openalex.org/W2078880746","https://openalex.org/W2079356804","https://openalex.org/W2079582661","https://openalex.org/W2079635232","https://openalex.org/W2081098333","https://openalex.org/W2082178383","https://openalex.org/W2082600118","https://openalex.org/W2083875263","https://openalex.org/W2084566588","https://openalex.org/W2084629412","https://openalex.org/W2085372107","https://openalex.org/W2085424855","https://openalex.org/W2085777461","https://openalex.org/W2086899835","https://openalex.org/W2086943348","https://openalex.org/W2087268155","https://openalex.org/W2088574511","https://openalex.org/W2090249462","https://openalex.org/W2092030050","https://openalex.org/W2094239759","https://openalex.org/W2094407932","https://openalex.org/W2095510160","https://openalex.org/W2096174482","https://openalex.org/W2098622411","https://openalex.org/W2100795252","https://openalex.org/W2102469270","https://openalex.org/W2103612759","https://openalex.org/W2109759840","https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2110184849","https://openalex.org/W2111407090","https://openalex.org/W2113802003","https://openalex.org/W2113887671","https://openalex.org/W2114955073","https://openalex.org/W2115155255","https://openalex.org/W2117088742","https://openalex.org/W2117122511","https://openalex.org/W2117526575","https://openalex.org/W2119036728","https://openalex.org/W2119208855","https://openalex.org/W2119624278","https://openalex.org/W2120084892","https://openalex.org/W2123348606","https://openalex.org/W2123491442","https://openalex.org/W2124085296","https://openalex.org/W2124940469","https://openalex.org/W2125525850","https://openalex.org/W2125987139","https://openalex.org/W2126804821","https://openalex.org/W2128043436","https://openalex.org/W2128229230","https://openalex.org/W2128744963","https://openalex.org/W2135376726","https://openalex.org/W2135826703","https://openalex.org/W2136863044","https://openalex.org/W2138589078","https://openalex.org/W2138977668","https://openalex.org/W2142046859","https://openalex.org/W2142820864","https://openalex.org/W2144750363","https://openalex.org/W2146835853","https://openalex.org/W2149033728","https://openalex.org/W2149619006","https://openalex.org/W2150014868","https://openalex.org/W2150149802","https://openalex.org/W2150817988","https://openalex.org/W2151400960","https://openalex.org/W2154072118","https://openalex.org/W2155215831","https://openalex.org/W2155228504","https://openalex.org/W2156640524","https://openalex.org/W2161480852","https://openalex.org/W2162341392","https://openalex.org/W2163513779","https://openalex.org/W2163958669","https://openalex.org/W2164865107","https://openalex.org/W2165224884","https://openalex.org/W2165867905","https://openalex.org/W2165996867","https://openalex.org/W2167427976","https://openalex.org/W2167512113","https://openalex.org/W2168272960","https://openalex.org/W2168698324","https://openalex.org/W2168945089","https://openalex.org/W2171114546","https://openalex.org/W2194874471","https://openalex.org/W2208515904","https://openalex.org/W2320886316","https://openalex.org/W2322819885","https://openalex.org/W2475901129","https://openalex.org/W2725138529","https://openalex.org/W4245552230"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2182945757","https://openalex.org/W6922506917","https://openalex.org/W7100249168","https://openalex.org/W2751203765","https://openalex.org/W3093266473","https://openalex.org/W6968837074","https://openalex.org/W2602973907","https://openalex.org/W7028673788","https://openalex.org/W7095776166","https://openalex.org/W7097977008"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Astrocytes":[0],"are":[1,70,292,314],"the":[2,8,30,59,81,96,108,137,143,159,187,193,227,245,253,259,269,282,289,326,349,362,370,408,417,422,431,438,448,462,469,475,486,496],"most":[3],"abundant":[4],"cell":[5,32,217,350,366,423,449],"type":[6],"in":[7,49,67,74,78,90,299,474,492,532,577,592,613,624,665,707,929,953,957,1000,1015,1026,1040],"central":[9],"nervous":[10],"system,":[11],"and":[12,52,131,172,177,192,210,220,295,321,356,390,392,404,479,522,530],"they":[13,166,393],"fulfill":[14],"diverse":[15],"vital":[16],"roles":[17],"under":[18,333,501],"physiological":[19],"as":[20,22,29,136,248,250,495],"well":[21,249],"pathophysiological":[23,428],"conditions.Recognition":[24],"of":[25,34,83,98,110,113,146,149,156,189,195,205,208,230,256,261,271,288,311,328,406,410,426,433,452,457,461,471,477],"new":[26,223,277],"functions,":[27,134],"such":[28,135,502],"stem":[31,101,122,161,275,286,303,365,382,397,520],"potential":[33],"astrocytes,":[35,88,130],"or":[36,80,142,524],"their":[37,236,402],"ability":[38],"to":[39,63,139,214,221,267,273,316,339,342,354,359,401,415,435,440,446,467,515],"actively":[40],"regulate":[41],"neurotransmission,":[42],"raised":[43],"renewed":[44],"interest":[45],"for":[46,107,128,421],"these":[47,231],"cells":[48,151,162,232,287,304,345,360,398],"both":[50,388],"basic":[51],"pharmacological":[53],"research.Primary":[54],"monolayer":[55],"cultures":[56,69,191,207],"have":[57,512],"become":[58],"dominating":[60],"model":[61],"system":[62],"study":[64,268],"astrocyte":[65],"functions":[66],"vitro.These":[68],"often":[71],"heterogeneous,":[72],"resulting":[73],"contradictory":[75],"studies,":[76],"e.g.,":[77,89],"inflammation,":[79],"misinterpretation":[82],"data":[84,204],"obtained":[85],"on":[86,226,307],"'mature'":[87],"transcriptomic":[91],"profiling.An":[92],"alternative":[93],"approach":[94],"is":[95,168,488],"generation":[97,109],"astrocytes":[99,118,171,200,272,298,313,389,511],"from":[100,120,164,201,281],"cells.We":[102],"developed":[103],"here":[104,324],"a":[105,153,181,329,455,489],"protocol":[106],"pure":[111,206],"populations":[112,310],"mature,":[114],"non-dividing":[115],"astrocytes.These":[116],"'murine":[117],"generated":[119],"embryonic":[121],"cells'":[123],"(mAGES)":[124],"express":[125],"markers":[126],"specific":[127],"mature":[129,312,510],"perform":[132],"astrocytic":[133,293,371],"response":[138],"inflammatory":[140,436,508],"cytokines,":[141,437],"(metabolic)":[144],"support":[145],"neurons.The":[147],"absence":[148],"immature":[150],"allowed":[152],"direct":[154,182],"comparison":[155,183],"mAGES":[157,209,262,341,347,434,453,741,875,882,969],"with":[158,399,506],"neural":[160,274,285,343,363,381,396,519],"(NSC)":[163],"which":[165,197,384],"arise.It":[167],"known":[169,216],"that":[170,284,296,325],"NSC":[173,211,743,771],"share":[174],"several":[175],"phenotypic":[176],"functional":[178],"features,":[179],"but":[180,239],"proved":[184],"difficult":[185],"due":[186],"heterogeneity":[188],"primary":[190],"lack":[194],"markers,":[196,219],"clearly":[198],"discriminate":[199],"NSC.":[202],"Transcriptome":[203],"were":[212,265,379],"used":[213,266],"re-evaluate":[215],"type-specific":[218],"identify":[222],"ones.Furthermore,":[224],"studies":[225,306],"metabolic":[228],"profiles":[229],"not":[233],"only":[234],"confirmed":[235],"close":[237],"relationship,":[238],"also":[240],"revealed":[241],"clear":[242],"differences":[243],"regarding":[244],"glutamate/glutamine":[246],"metabolism":[247],"citrate":[251],"release.In":[252],"second":[254],"part":[255],"this":[257,533],"study,":[258],"properties":[260],"(homogeneity,":[263],"maturity)":[264],"de-differentiation":[270,439,470],"cells.This":[276],"research":[278],"field":[279],"emerged":[280],"finding":[283],"adult":[290],"brain":[291],"cells,":[294,383,521],"reactive":[297],"pathological":[300],"environments":[301],"regain":[302],"features.For":[305],"de-differentiation,":[308],"homogeneous":[309],"desirable":[315],"investigate":[317],"responsible":[318,420],"signaling":[319],"mechanisms":[320],"pathways.We":[322],"demonstrated":[323],"addition":[327],"single":[330],"growth":[331],"factor":[332],"strictly":[334],"controlled":[335],"conditions":[336],"was":[337,377,442,444,465,607],"sufficient":[338,466],"de-differentiate":[340,516],"stem-like":[344],"(NSC2).The":[346],"re-entered":[348],"cycle,":[351],"when":[352],"exposed":[353],"FGF2,":[355,407,945],"gave":[357],"rise":[358],"expressing":[361],"vi":[364],"marker":[367],"nestin,":[368],"while":[369],"glial":[372],"fibrillary":[373,906],"acidic":[374,907],"protein":[375],"(GFAP)":[376,909],"downregulated.NSC2":[378],"multipotent":[380],"further":[385],"differentiated":[386],"into":[387,517],"neurons,":[391],"resembled":[394],"normal":[395],"regard":[400],"phenotype":[403],"functions.Downstream":[405],"phosphorylation":[409,456],"ERK":[411],"has":[412],"been":[413,513],"shown":[414,445,514],"be":[416,528],"main":[418],"pathway":[419],"cycle":[424,450],"re-entry":[425,451],"mAGES.Under":[427],"conditions,":[429],"i.e.,":[430],"exposure":[432],"NSC2":[441],"disturbed.IFN\u03b3":[443],"inhibit":[447],"by":[454],"STAT1.Ruxolitinib,":[458],"an":[459,548,574,582],"inhibitor":[460],"JAK/STAT":[463],"pathway,":[464],"recover":[468],"mAGES,":[472,792,998],"even":[473],"presence":[476],"IFN\u03b3":[478,1003],"other":[480],"cytokines.These":[481],"findings":[482],"may":[483],"explain,":[484],"why":[485],"dedifferentiation":[487],"rare":[490],"event":[491],"pathology":[493],"models,":[494],"positive":[497,1022],"stimuli":[498],"(FGF2)":[499,1024],"is,":[500],"situation,":[503],"always":[504],"coupled":[505],"inhibitory,":[507],"events.Thus,":[509],"neurogenic":[518],"inducing":[523],"inhibiting":[525],"signals":[526],"could":[527],"identified":[529],"characterized":[531],"system.viiZUSAMMENFASSUNG":[534],"Astrozyten":[535,591,634,667,692,769,806,832,918,1038,1070],"sind":[536,912],"die":[537,588,631,663,674,679,728,752,765,782,803,864,942,966,995],"am":[538],"zahlreichsten":[539],"vertretenen":[540],"Zelltypen":[541,704,720,733],"im":[542,552,556,824],"zentralen":[543],"Nervensystem.Sie":[544],"erf\u00fcllen":[545],"eine":[546,729,745,848,980,1013,1067],"Vielzahl":[547],"unterschiedlichen":[549],"Funktionen":[550,589],"sowohl":[551,916,1051],"gesunden,":[553],"als":[554,919,1053],"auch":[555,774,920,1054],"erkrankten":[557],"Nervensystem.Die":[558],"Entdeckung":[559],"neuer":[560,754],"Funktionen,":[561,662],"beispielsweise":[562,612],"dem":[563],"Potential":[564],"dieser":[565,585,738,789],"Zellen":[566,586],"Stammzellen":[567,696,810,823,878,928,972,1043],"zu":[568,594,608,808,811,859,876,880,917,921,970,1007],"generieren":[569],"oder":[570,616,673,1072],"ihrer":[571,794],"aktiven":[572],"Beteiligung":[573],"der":[575,583,614,857,960,1021],"Reizweiterleitung":[576],"Nervenzellen,":[578],"hat":[579],"erneutes":[580],"Interesse":[581],"Erforschung":[584],"geweckt.Um":[587],"von":[590,619,633,643,655,677,740,784,805,844,938,968,982,985,997,1002,1069],"vitro":[593],"erforschen,":[595],"werden":[596,1045,1057],"haupts\u00e4chlich":[597],"prim\u00e4re":[598],"Monolayerkulturen":[599],"verwendet.Diese":[600],"Kulturen":[601,680,843],"enthalten":[602,721],"allerdings":[603,714],"h\u00e4ufig":[604],"unterschiedliche":[605],"Zelltypen,":[606],"widerspr\u00fcchlichen":[609],"Ergebnissen,":[610],"wie":[611,621,669],"Entz\u00fcndungsforschung,":[615],"einer":[617],"Fehlinterpretation":[618],"Daten,":[620],"zum":[622,670],"Beispiel":[623,671],"Microarray-Studien,":[625],"gef\u00fchrt":[626],"hat.Ein":[627],"alternativer":[628],"Ansatz":[629],"ist":[630,685,946],"Generierung":[632],"aus":[635,646,698],"Stammzellen.Diese":[636],"Arbeit":[637,790],"beschreibt":[638],"ein":[639,686],"Protokoll":[640],"zur":[641,756,839],"Herstellung":[642],"Reinkulturen":[644,739],"bestehend":[645],"reifen,":[647],"sich":[648,888],"nicht":[649,763],"mehr":[650],"teilenden":[651],"Astrozyten.Diese":[652],"\u201aMaus-Astrozyten,":[653],"generiert":[654],"embryonalen":[656],"Stammzellen'":[657],"(mAGES),":[658],"zeigen":[659],"Expressionsmuster":[660],"sowie":[661,751,781],"typischerweise":[664],"reifen":[666,691,799,845],"vorkommen,":[668],"Entz\u00fcndungsreaktionen":[672],"(metabolische)":[675],"Unterst\u00fctzung":[676],"Nervenzellen.Da":[678],"keine":[681],"unreifen":[682,851],"Vorl\u00e4uferzellen":[683],"enthalten,":[684],"direkter":[687,710],"Vergleich":[688,711],"zwischen":[689,768],"den":[690,694,779,819,898],"und":[693,722,742,770,796,829,855,886,934,1004,1047,1063],"neuralen":[695,809,877,899,927,971],"(NSC),":[697],"denen":[699],"sie":[700,891,926],"differenziert":[701],"werden,":[702,1065],"m\u00f6glich.Beide":[703],"\u00e4hneln":[705],"einander":[706],"vielerlei":[708],"Hinsicht.Ein":[709],"war":[712,965,991],"bisher":[713,747],"schwierig,":[715],"da":[716,1020],"Prim\u00e4rkulturen":[717],"meist":[718],"beide":[719],"nur":[723,764,1017],"wenige":[724],"Merkmale":[725,755,827],"bekannt":[726],"sind,":[727],"eindeutige":[730],"Unterscheidung":[731],"beider":[732],"erlauben.Eine":[734],"Analyse":[735],"des":[736,951,977,989],"Transkriptoms":[737],"erm\u00f6glichte":[744],"Neubewertung":[746],"bekannter":[748],"zelltypspezifischer":[749],"Marker":[750],"Identifizierung":[753],"besseren":[757],"Unterscheidung.Dar\u00fcber":[758],"hinaus":[759],"haben":[760],"metabolische":[761],"Untersuchungen":[762],"nahe":[766],"Verwandtschaft":[767],"belegt,":[772],"sondern":[773],"klare":[775],"Unterschiede,":[776],"bezogen":[777],"auf":[778,818,931],"Glutamat/Glutamine-Stoffwechsel":[780],"Freisetzung":[783],"Citrat,":[785],"aufgezeigt.Im":[786],"zweiten":[787],"Teil":[788],"wurden":[791],"aufgrund":[793],"Homogenit\u00e4t":[795],"\u00c4hnlichkeit":[797],"mit":[798,850,892,944,962,1028],"Astrozyten,":[800,846],"dazu":[801],"verwendet,":[802],"De-Differenzierung":[804,840,1014,1068],"hin":[807],"erforschen.Dieses":[812],"recht":[813],"junge":[814],"viii":[815],"Forschungsfeld":[816],"beruht":[817],"Entdeckungen,":[820],"dass":[821,830,863,1036,1048],"neurale":[822,1042],"Erwachsenen-Gehirn":[825],"astrozyt\u00e4re":[826,904],"aufweisen,":[828],"reife":[831,1037],"unter":[833,869],"bestimmten":[834],"pathologischen":[835,955],"Ver\u00e4nderungen":[836],"Stammzellmerkmale":[837],"wiedererlangen.Studien":[838],"erfordern":[841],"homogene":[842],"ohne":[847],"Verunreinigung":[849],"Zellen,":[852],"um":[853,874,994],"Mechanismen":[854,1061],"Signalwege":[856],"Zellumwandlung":[858],"erforschen.Es":[860],"wurde":[861,1033],"gezeigt,":[862,1035],"Zugabe":[865,984],"eines":[866],"einzelnen":[867],"Wachstumsfaktors":[868],"streng":[870],"kontrollierten":[871],"Bedingungen":[872],"ausreicht,":[873],"(NSC2)":[879],"de-differenzieren.Reife":[881],"reaktivieren":[883],"ihren":[884,932],"Zellzyklus":[885,952,978],"teilen":[887],"wieder,":[889],"sobald":[890],"FGF2":[893],"stimuliert":[894],"werden.Sie":[895],"exprimieren":[896],"verst\u00e4rkt":[897],"Stammzellmarker":[900],"Nestin,":[901],"w\u00e4hrend":[902],"das":[903,949,975],"\u201aglial":[905],"protein'":[908],"herunterreguliert":[910],"wird.NSC2":[911],"multipotente":[913],"Stammzellen,":[914],"welche":[915,1066],"Nervenzellen":[922],"differenzieren":[923],"k\u00f6nnen.Au\u00dferdem":[924],"gleichen":[925],"Bezug":[930],"Ph\u00e4notyp":[933],"ihre":[935],"Funktionen.Die":[936],"Phosphorylierung":[937,981],"ERK,":[939],"ausgel\u00f6st":[940],"durch":[941,979],"Stimulation":[943,961],"hauptverantwortlich":[947],"f\u00fcr":[948],"Wiederanschalten":[950,976],"mAGES.Unter":[954],"Bedingungen,":[956],"diesem":[958],"Fall":[959],"inflammatorischen":[963],"Zytokinen,":[964,1006],"Umwandlung":[967,996,1050],"gest\u00f6rt.IFN\u03b3":[973],"verhinderte":[974],"STAT1.Die":[983],"Ruxolitinib,":[986],"einem":[987],"Inhibitor":[988],"JAK/STAT-Signalweges,":[990],"wiederum":[992],"ausreichend,":[993],"selbst":[999],"Gegenwart":[1001],"anderen":[1005],"erm\u00f6glichen.Diese":[1008],"Ergebnisse":[1009],"k\u00f6nnten":[1010],"erkl\u00e4ren,":[1011],"warum":[1012],"Krankheitsmodellen":[1016],"selten":[1018],"vorkommt,":[1019],"Stimulus":[1023],"immer":[1025],"Verbindung":[1027],"hemmenden,":[1029],"entz\u00fcndlichen":[1030],"Faktoren":[1031],"auftritt.Insgesamt":[1032],"jedoch":[1034],"direkt":[1039],"neurogene":[1041],"umgewandelt":[1044],"k\u00f6nnen,":[1046],"diese":[1049],"positiv,":[1052],"negativ":[1055],"beeinflusst":[1056],"kann.Dadurch":[1058],"k\u00f6nnen":[1059],"k\u00fcnftig":[1060],"identifiziert":[1062],"erforscht":[1064],"f\u00f6rdern":[1071],"hemmen.":[1073]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-11-30T00:00:00"}