{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2551399378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12357","title":"The Mamlukization of the Mamluk Sultanate? State Formation and the History of Fifteenth Century Egypt and Syria: Part I \u2014 Old Problems and New Trends","display_name":"The Mamlukization of the Mamluk Sultanate? State Formation and the History of Fifteenth Century Egypt and Syria: Part I \u2014 Old Problems and New Trends","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2551399378","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12357","mag":"2551399378"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/hic3.12357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12357","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12357","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/hic3.12357","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201325571","display_name":"History Compass","issn_l":"1478-0542","issn":["1478-0542"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"History Compass","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/hic3.12357","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038094395","display_name":"Jo Van Steenbergen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0026-0174","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0026-0174"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jo Van Steenbergen","raw_affiliation_strings":["UGent"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0026-0174","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UGent","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035665611","display_name":"Patrick Wing","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193054373","display_name":"University of Redlands","ror":"https://ror.org/02hfyct53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193054373"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Wing","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Redlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Redlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193054373"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049135088","display_name":"Kristof D\u2019hulster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7877-8355","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7877-8355"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristof D'hulster","raw_affiliation_strings":["UGent"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UGent","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038094395"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8042,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95512192,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"11","first_page":"549","last_page":"559"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12999","display_name":"Medieval History and Crusades","score":0.6958000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12999","display_name":"Medieval History and Crusades","score":0.6958000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10794","display_name":"Islamic Studies and History","score":0.22190000116825104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13103","display_name":"Middle East Politics and Society","score":0.03539999946951866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mamluk-sultanate","display_name":"Mamluk Sultanate","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-formation","display_name":"state formation","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-slavery","display_name":"military slavery","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-framework","display_name":"conceptual framework","score":0.42100000381469727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777898063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q947784","display_name":"Mamluk","level":2,"score":0.8532850742340088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778061430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188823","display_name":"Scholarship","level":2,"score":0.6799474954605103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781119825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2163436","display_name":"Fifteenth","level":2,"score":0.6645630598068237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6630911827087402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6087943911552429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74242886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4455079","display_name":"State formation","level":3,"score":0.593701958656311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.5391581058502197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5110872387886047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.4814828634262085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195244886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493","display_name":"Ancient history","level":1,"score":0.4314045310020447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3633882999420166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.18313264846801758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.1554965376853943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.1218239963054657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.07279139757156372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/hic3.12357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12357","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12357","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/hic3.12357","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201325571","display_name":"History Compass","issn_l":"1478-0542","issn":["1478-0542"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"History Compass","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:inspire.redlands.edu:oh_articles-1085","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://inspire.redlands.edu/oh_articles/101","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400199","display_name":"InSPIRe@Redlands (University of Redlands)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193054373","host_organization_name":"University of Redlands","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193054373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Our House Articles, Posters, and Presentations","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:8157056","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8157056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1478-0542","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire_cris_publications/71585232-0305-49b7-a572-2b9a78360bd7","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.birmingham.ac.uk/en/publications/71585232-0305-49b7-a572-2b9a78360bd7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402634","display_name":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","host_organization_name":"University of Birmingham","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Van Steenbergen, J, Wing, P & D'hulster, K 2016, 'The Mamlukization of the Mamluk Sultanate? State formation and the history of fifteenth century Egypt and Syria : part I - old problems and new trends', History Compass, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 549-559. https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12357","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/hic3.12357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12357","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/hic3.12357","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/hic3.12357","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S201325571","display_name":"History Compass","issn_l":"1478-0542","issn":["1478-0542"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"History Compass","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5473999977111816}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2551399378.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2551399378.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W265752391","https://openalex.org/W358970481","https://openalex.org/W574665657","https://openalex.org/W615958122","https://openalex.org/W659462138","https://openalex.org/W1485593169","https://openalex.org/W1508545323","https://openalex.org/W1510322117","https://openalex.org/W1927846170","https://openalex.org/W1994513716","https://openalex.org/W1995847656","https://openalex.org/W2004023281","https://openalex.org/W2009815725","https://openalex.org/W2032889424","https://openalex.org/W2040257803","https://openalex.org/W2042967523","https://openalex.org/W2049712997","https://openalex.org/W2061573122","https://openalex.org/W2094127614","https://openalex.org/W2247734384","https://openalex.org/W2302224530","https://openalex.org/W2317919086","https://openalex.org/W2419167979","https://openalex.org/W2475988573","https://openalex.org/W2490627122","https://openalex.org/W2495752260","https://openalex.org/W2498326231","https://openalex.org/W2582460331","https://openalex.org/W2606204376","https://openalex.org/W2803278782","https://openalex.org/W2970963120","https://openalex.org/W3206726210","https://openalex.org/W3206850469","https://openalex.org/W4205201126","https://openalex.org/W4233096742","https://openalex.org/W4237866189","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4298058515","https://openalex.org/W4298059699","https://openalex.org/W4387922686","https://openalex.org/W4403228401","https://openalex.org/W6873156212"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2552848350","https://openalex.org/W3036519996","https://openalex.org/W4403275856","https://openalex.org/W3036729186","https://openalex.org/W2212434968","https://openalex.org/W7024594020","https://openalex.org/W4252576100","https://openalex.org/W3206256832","https://openalex.org/W6979981037","https://openalex.org/W4228998433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1,67],"is":[2,194],"the":[3,17,30,57,104,107,117,142,189],"first":[4],"of":[5,19,29,44,60,64,106,109,120,150],"two":[6],"connected":[7],"articles":[8],"that":[9,83,165,193],"aim":[10],"to":[11,50,74,89,135,140,170],"offer":[12],"a":[13,38,42,61,137,147,168,176],"new":[14,98,118,161],"perspective":[15,119],"on":[16,25,157],"history":[18,28,145],"late":[20],"medieval":[21],"Egypt":[22],"and":[23,79,97],"Syria,":[24],"15th\u2010century":[26,52,110],"political":[27,54,112,144],"so\u2010called":[31],"Mamluk":[32,111,129],"Sultanate":[33],"in":[34,122,188],"particular.":[35],"Informed":[36],"by":[37,102],"comparative":[39],"look":[40],"at":[41],"selection":[43],"wider":[45],"relevant":[46],"scholarship,":[47],"we":[48,100],"propose":[49],"reconsider":[51],"Syro\u2010Egyptian":[53],"action":[55],"within":[56],"particular":[58],"framework":[59],"complex":[62],"process":[63,149],"state":[65,105],"formation.":[66],"perspective,":[68],"defined":[69],"as":[70,146],"\u2018Mamlukization\u2019,":[71],"may":[72],"help":[73],"better":[75],"account":[76],"for":[77,80],"change,":[78],"contemporary":[81],"laments":[82],"\u201cthings":[84],"aren't":[85],"what":[86,200],"they":[87],"used":[88],"be.\u201d":[90],"In":[91],"\u201cPart":[92],"I":[93,126],"\u2014":[94],"Old":[95],"problems":[96],"trends\u201d,":[99],"begin":[101],"examining":[103],"field":[108],"history,":[113],"before":[114],"laying":[115],"out":[116],"\u2018Mamlukization\u2019":[121],"Part":[123,125],"II.":[124],"explains":[127],"how":[128],"scholarship":[130],"has":[131],"only":[132],"recently":[133],"managed":[134],"overcome":[136],"traditional":[138],"tendency":[139],"view":[141],"sultanate's":[143],"long":[148],"divergence":[151],"from":[152],"an":[153],"idealized":[154],"system":[155],"based":[156],"military":[158],"slavery,":[159],"raising":[160],"difficulties.":[162],"We":[163],"conclude":[164],"there":[166],"remains":[167],"need":[169],"replace":[171],"this":[172],"decline":[173],"paradigm":[174],"with":[175],"more":[177],"useful":[178],"conceptual":[179],"framework.":[180],"If":[181],"something":[182,192],"profound":[183],"indeed":[184],"was":[185,201],"taking":[186],"place":[187],"15th":[190],"century,":[191],"not":[195],"usefully":[196],"considered":[197],"\u201cdecline,\u201d":[198],"then":[199],"it?":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-11-30T00:00:00"}
