{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2551357907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15579336.2001.11770229","title":"Women\u2019s Participation in Self-Employment in Western Industrialized Nations","display_name":"Women\u2019s Participation in Self-Employment in Western Industrialized Nations","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2551357907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15579336.2001.11770229","mag":"2551357907"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15579336.2001.11770229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15579336.2001.11770229","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15579336.2001.11770229","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39182069","display_name":"International Journal of Sociology","issn_l":"0020-7659","issn":["0020-7659","1557-9336"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Sociology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032656272","display_name":"Patricia A. McManus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0954-4517","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0954-4517"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Patricia A. McManus","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032656272"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.9749,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":85,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97982734,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"2","first_page":"70","last_page":"97"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.8119999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.8119999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.09080000221729279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13911","display_name":"Employment, Labor, and Gender Studies","score":0.0430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-s-self-employment","display_name":"women's self-employment","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-entrepreneurs","display_name":"women entrepreneurs","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-and-family","display_name":"family and work","score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-industrial-economy","display_name":"post-industrial economy","score":0.8550000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780090960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194489","display_name":"Salary","level":2,"score":0.8386632204055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53811970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062194","display_name":"Centrality","level":2,"score":0.6281795501708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.5636692643165588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.5523666143417358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778000738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1005490","display_name":"Self-employment","level":3,"score":0.5395426750183105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019839826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1005490","display_name":"Self employed","level":2,"score":0.4993767738342285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.4723026752471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.45862051844596863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4540352523326874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4154198467731476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.3585561513900757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3560844659805298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.352994441986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.09137082099914551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.06439641118049622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/15579336.2001.11770229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15579336.2001.11770229","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15579336.2001.11770229","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39182069","display_name":"International Journal of Sociology","issn_l":"0020-7659","issn":["0020-7659","1557-9336"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Sociology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":1.0,"display_name":"Gender equality"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":1.0,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","score":0.41670000553131104,"display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W162284958","https://openalex.org/W566586761","https://openalex.org/W1485410072","https://openalex.org/W1487889455","https://openalex.org/W1515199770","https://openalex.org/W1525411143","https://openalex.org/W1537543935","https://openalex.org/W1540884726","https://openalex.org/W1554247458","https://openalex.org/W1581199048","https://openalex.org/W1598097039","https://openalex.org/W1873243369","https://openalex.org/W1892465382","https://openalex.org/W1966600127","https://openalex.org/W1968353256","https://openalex.org/W1975688239","https://openalex.org/W1980684628","https://openalex.org/W1982087261","https://openalex.org/W1982379747","https://openalex.org/W1982842959","https://openalex.org/W1985566238","https://openalex.org/W1988270781","https://openalex.org/W1997471844","https://openalex.org/W2012571162","https://openalex.org/W2013915050","https://openalex.org/W2017125814","https://openalex.org/W2019498897","https://openalex.org/W2019786339","https://openalex.org/W2021226409","https://openalex.org/W2029317004","https://openalex.org/W2035324972","https://openalex.org/W2040341058","https://openalex.org/W2041988573","https://openalex.org/W2042315613","https://openalex.org/W2046563557","https://openalex.org/W2054519473","https://openalex.org/W2060728819","https://openalex.org/W2062932249","https://openalex.org/W2063251012","https://openalex.org/W2070177423","https://openalex.org/W2072393233","https://openalex.org/W2078902533","https://openalex.org/W2082016073","https://openalex.org/W2085218337","https://openalex.org/W2088713829","https://openalex.org/W2103077003","https://openalex.org/W2108499000","https://openalex.org/W2123340605","https://openalex.org/W2145132055","https://openalex.org/W2145997383","https://openalex.org/W2149001603","https://openalex.org/W2170921686","https://openalex.org/W2237741686","https://openalex.org/W2327142669","https://openalex.org/W2334541986","https://openalex.org/W2412919727","https://openalex.org/W2478103096","https://openalex.org/W2518557262","https://openalex.org/W2520525947","https://openalex.org/W2524935948","https://openalex.org/W2587163929","https://openalex.org/W2972036171","https://openalex.org/W3023589995","https://openalex.org/W3047916710","https://openalex.org/W3122296223","https://openalex.org/W3123331292","https://openalex.org/W3124419187","https://openalex.org/W4232648749","https://openalex.org/W4247140771","https://openalex.org/W4289253876","https://openalex.org/W4299601558","https://openalex.org/W4388371712","https://openalex.org/W7065437734"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2064975513","https://openalex.org/W1516207236","https://openalex.org/W2889513427","https://openalex.org/W1497755200","https://openalex.org/W2070177423","https://openalex.org/W2101679368","https://openalex.org/W2478061806","https://openalex.org/W1982305598","https://openalex.org/W1982842959","https://openalex.org/W1978761183"],"abstract_inverted_index":{":Women":[0],"account":[1],"for":[2,59,95],"an":[3],"increasing":[4],"share":[5],"of":[6,27,53,68,73,85,89],"the":[7,66,86],"self-employed":[8,37],"in":[9,31,42,62],"many":[10],"post-industrial":[11],"economies.":[12],"This":[13,47],"article":[14,80],"reviews":[15],"recent":[16],"empirical":[17],"research":[18,91],"on":[19],"self-employment":[20,75],"among":[21],"women,":[22],"beginning":[23],"with":[24,82],"a":[25,51,83],"comparison":[26],"women":[28,38],"and":[29,39,44,55,77,92],"men":[30],"self-employment,":[32],"noting":[33],"key":[34],"differences":[35],"between":[36],"their":[40],"counterparts":[41],"wage":[43],"salary":[45],"jobs.":[46],"is":[48],"followed":[49],"by":[50],"review":[52,84],"labor-market":[54],"family-based":[56],"theoretical":[57],"explanptions":[58],"these":[60],"patterns":[61],"order":[63],"to":[64,70],"show":[65],"centrality":[67],"family":[69],"our":[71],"understanding":[72],"female":[74],"processes":[76],"outcomes.":[78],"The":[79],"concludes":[81],"current":[87],"state":[88],"comparative":[90],"some":[93],"suggestions":[94],"future":[96],"research.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-11-30T00:00:00"}
