{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2551324906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pesgm.2016.7741452","title":"Taxonomy of firmware Trojans in smart grid devices","display_name":"Taxonomy of firmware Trojans in smart grid devices","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2551324906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pesgm.2016.7741452","mag":"2551324906"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/pesgm.2016.7741452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pesgm.2016.7741452","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pesgm.2016.7741452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212590","display_name":"IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting","issn_l":"1932-5517","issn":["1932-5517","2693-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017966599","display_name":"Charalambos Konstantinou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3825-3930","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3825-3930"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charalambos Konstantinou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, Polytechnic School of Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Polytechnic School of Engineering","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020631028","display_name":"Anastasis Keliris","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anastasis Keliris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, Polytechnic School of Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Polytechnic School of Engineering","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043325974","display_name":"Michail Maniatakos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6899-0651","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6899-0651"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120250893","display_name":"New York University Abu Dhabi","ror":"https://ror.org/00e5k0821","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120250893","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michail Maniatakos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University, Abu Dhabi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University, Abu Dhabi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120250893"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7908,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90189125,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.007400000002235174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid-security","display_name":"smart grid security","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stuxnet","display_name":"Stuxnet","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware-detection","display_name":"malware detection","score":0.6000000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67212190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104851","display_name":"Firmware","level":2,"score":0.9538189768791199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5727304816246033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.48415809869766235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.4800737500190735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4223896861076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3026750087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1907091736793518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12275603413581848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.06712281703948975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/pesgm.2016.7741452","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pesgm.2016.7741452","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/pesgm.2016.7741452","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210212590","display_name":"IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting","issn_l":"1932-5517","issn":["1932-5517","2693-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6773999929428101,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481200530","https://openalex.org/W1967446222","https://openalex.org/W2008105825","https://openalex.org/W2012032225","https://openalex.org/W2039427951","https://openalex.org/W2077699686","https://openalex.org/W2101992994","https://openalex.org/W2304769060"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2912419692","https://openalex.org/W7009058971","https://openalex.org/W2887216720","https://openalex.org/W2936133456","https://openalex.org/W2605513685","https://openalex.org/W4294897547","https://openalex.org/W2963332736","https://openalex.org/W2304769060","https://openalex.org/W2939135849","https://openalex.org/W2400417770"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"modernization":[1],"of":[2,19,40,56,88],"the":[3,54,71,74],"electric":[4],"grid,":[5],"utilizing":[6],"advances":[7],"in":[8,127],"information":[9],"technologies,":[10],"has":[11,34],"uncovered":[12],"opportunities":[13],"for":[14,113,122],"improved":[15],"communication":[16],"and":[17,30,90,100,116],"efficiency":[18],"power":[20,78],"systems.":[21],"While":[22],"this":[23,107],"smart":[24,128],"grid":[25,129],"environment":[26],"offers":[27],"significant":[28],"economic":[29],"reliability":[31],"benefits,":[32],"it":[33],"also":[35],"divulged":[36],"a":[37,85,111],"substantial":[38],"range":[39],"cyber":[41],"attack":[42],"issues.":[43],"Attacks":[44],"on":[45,77],"embedded":[46],"microprocessor-based":[47],"devices,":[48],"like":[49],"Stuxnet,":[50],"have":[51,84],"demonstrated":[52],"that":[53],"firmware":[55,114,118],"control":[57],"equipment":[58],"can":[59],"be":[60,94],"susceptible":[61],"to":[62,66,70,93,96],"security":[63],"breaches":[64],"able":[65,95],"cause":[67],"great":[68],"damage":[69],"system.":[72],"Despite":[73],"numerous":[75],"studies":[76],"systems":[79],"security,":[80],"researchers":[81],"do":[82],"not":[83],"representative":[86],"set":[87],"benchmarks":[89],"taxonomy":[91,112],"classes":[92],"develop":[97,117],"proper":[98],"detection":[99],"mitigation":[101],"strategies":[102],"against":[103],"such":[104],"attacks.":[105],"To":[106],"end,":[108],"we":[109],"provide":[110],"Trojans":[115],"Trojan":[119],"benchmark":[120],"cases":[121],"four":[123],"devices":[124],"commonly":[125],"found":[126],"deployments.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-11-30T00:00:00"}