{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2551216908","doi":null,"title":"Outward FDI, Exports and Technological Efforts: A Study of Indian Manufacturing Firms","display_name":"Outward FDI, Exports and Technological Efforts: A Study of Indian Manufacturing Firms","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2551216908","mag":"2551216908"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:11383","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.esocialsciences.org/Download/repecDownload.aspx?fname=A2016103122752_20.pdf&fcategory=Articles&AId=11383&fref=repec","pdf_url":"http://www.esocialsciences.org/Download/repecDownload.aspx?fname=A2016103122752_20.pdf&fcategory=Articles&AId=11383&fref=repec","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058253915","display_name":"Ronny Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5483-8699","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5483-8699"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronny Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Bombay"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5483-8699","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072996699","display_name":"K. Narayanan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6295-6302","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6295-6302"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162827531","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","ror":"https://ror.org/02qyf5152","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Narayanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Bombay"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6295-6302","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162827531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.9384999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.9384999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.0608999989926815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outward-foreign-direct-investment","display_name":"outward foreign direct investment","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exports","display_name":"exports","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-productivity","display_name":"firm productivity","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internationalization-modes","display_name":"internationalization modes","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-firms","display_name":"manufacturing companies","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-dominance","display_name":"stochastic dominance","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-liberalization","display_name":"economic liberalization","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indian-firms","display_name":"Indian companies","score":0.6010000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166866094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307251","display_name":"Tobit model","level":2,"score":0.7527948617935181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33842695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"Foreign direct investment","level":2,"score":0.6682236790657043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.5455691814422607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184314375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3117995","display_name":"Probit","level":2,"score":0.4938860535621643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67257552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q635217","display_name":"Probit model","level":2,"score":0.47871828079223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97509610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3141064","display_name":"Internationalization","level":2,"score":0.45661112666130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4560236632823944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43007487058639526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.4189615547657013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202269582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2644277","display_name":"Complementarity (molecular biology)","level":2,"score":0.41806846857070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.41403165459632874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4054517447948456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.3469018340110779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.15175792574882507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.09639039635658264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ess:wpaper:id:11383","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.esocialsciences.org/Download/repecDownload.aspx?fname=A2016103122752_20.pdf&fcategory=Articles&AId=11383&fref=repec","pdf_url":"http://www.esocialsciences.org/Download/repecDownload.aspx?fname=A2016103122752_20.pdf&fcategory=Articles&AId=11383&fref=repec","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:2551216908","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/esswpaper/id_3a11383.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.9211000204086304,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.8970999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1544333699","https://openalex.org/W1551443438","https://openalex.org/W1575140665","https://openalex.org/W1598720013","https://openalex.org/W1892007971","https://openalex.org/W1964382689","https://openalex.org/W1964450723","https://openalex.org/W1966046443","https://openalex.org/W1977983082","https://openalex.org/W1985984948","https://openalex.org/W1986216323","https://openalex.org/W2002149800","https://openalex.org/W2008603350","https://openalex.org/W2013915050","https://openalex.org/W2017299421","https://openalex.org/W2029713471","https://openalex.org/W2045748358","https://openalex.org/W2053763767","https://openalex.org/W2056739133","https://openalex.org/W2069330226","https://openalex.org/W2069475601","https://openalex.org/W2069963782","https://openalex.org/W2071184046","https://openalex.org/W2085929198","https://openalex.org/W2086341233","https://openalex.org/W2086553387","https://openalex.org/W2087905698","https://openalex.org/W2097790641","https://openalex.org/W2099167504","https://openalex.org/W2099687419","https://openalex.org/W2104278312","https://openalex.org/W2110784642","https://openalex.org/W2119237697","https://openalex.org/W2124933622","https://openalex.org/W2125018160","https://openalex.org/W2130868687","https://openalex.org/W2134106953","https://openalex.org/W2139716534","https://openalex.org/W2144357229","https://openalex.org/W2147954618","https://openalex.org/W2148072480","https://openalex.org/W2154715810","https://openalex.org/W2159211175","https://openalex.org/W2162455264","https://openalex.org/W2169021396","https://openalex.org/W2316645970","https://openalex.org/W3006300281","https://openalex.org/W3021024665","https://openalex.org/W3021040265","https://openalex.org/W3021935319","https://openalex.org/W3023875755","https://openalex.org/W3116675429","https://openalex.org/W3121609741","https://openalex.org/W3122774357","https://openalex.org/W3123130592","https://openalex.org/W3123181902","https://openalex.org/W3124754089","https://openalex.org/W3140397694","https://openalex.org/W3147017230"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2789136669","https://openalex.org/W3006211524","https://openalex.org/W3047161575","https://openalex.org/W3122103837","https://openalex.org/W2338790523","https://openalex.org/W7146765906","https://openalex.org/W2184828850","https://openalex.org/W2335844363","https://openalex.org/W3005707711","https://openalex.org/W2343759066"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"study":[2,50],"the":[3,6,14,18,25,44,64,102],"hypotheses":[4],"that":[5],"choice":[7],"between":[8],"OFDI":[9,29,84,95],"and":[10,43,71],"export":[11],"decision":[12],"of":[13,28,39,41,83,91,108],"firms":[15,30,46,92,98],"depends":[16],"on":[17],"firm":[19,52],"level":[20,53],"productivity":[21,26,81,89],"is":[22,77],"tested.":[23],"Here,":[24],"levels":[27],"vis":[31,33],"a":[32],"exporting":[34],"(as":[35],"an":[36],"alternate":[37],"mode":[38],"internationalization":[40],"firms)":[42],"domestic":[45],"are":[47],"compared.":[48],"The":[49,88],"employs":[51],"data":[54],"obtained":[55],"from":[56,66,104],"Centre":[57],"for":[58,63,68,101],"Monitoring":[59],"Indian":[60],"Economy":[61],"(CMIE)":[62],"period":[65,103,107],"1990-2009":[67],"analysis.":[69],"Two-sided":[70],"one-sided":[72],"KolmogorovSmirnov":[73],"stochastic":[74],"dominance":[75],"test":[76],"employed":[78],"to":[79],"compare":[80],"distribution":[82,90],"vs.":[85],"exporting/domestic":[86],"firms.":[87],"which":[93,99],"undertake":[94],"stochastically":[96],"dominates":[97],"exports":[100],"2004-2009":[105],"(later":[106],"liberalization).":[109],"[FGKS":[110],"Research":[111],"Paper].":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-11-30T00:00:00"}