{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2548600495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0738894216659843","title":"Terrain ruggedness and land cover: Improved data for most research designs","display_name":"Terrain ruggedness and land cover: Improved data for most research designs","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2548600495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0738894216659843","mag":"2548600495"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0738894216659843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0738894216659843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0738894216659843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142977025","display_name":"Conflict Management and Peace Science","issn_l":"0738-8942","issn":["0738-8942","1549-9219"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Conflict Management and Peace Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022177675","display_name":"Andrew Shaver","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4445-9273","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4445-9273"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Shaver","raw_affiliation_strings":["Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Woodrow Wilson School, Princeton University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103103742","display_name":"David B. Carter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5236-8080","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5236-8080"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David B. Carter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Politics, Princeton University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Politics, Princeton University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001179856","display_name":"Tsering Wangyal Shawa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsering Wangyal Shawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Map and Geographic Information Center, Princeton University Library, Princeton University, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Map and Geographic Information Center, Princeton University Library, Princeton University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022177675"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.4991,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":97,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97403051,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"2","first_page":"191","last_page":"218"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.9390000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.9390000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11823","display_name":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","score":0.013700000010430813,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10994","display_name":"Terrorism, Counterterrorism, and Political Violence","score":0.006800000090152025,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain-ruggedness","display_name":"terrain ruggedness","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-cover","display_name":"land cover","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/georeferenced-records","display_name":"georeferenced records","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/country-level-data","display_name":"country-level data","score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replication","display_name":"replication","score":0.35600000619888306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.9137394428253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.7032054662704468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.6669008731842041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5597427487373352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5198424458503723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12590798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933199","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4992635250091553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40088313817977905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.360345721244812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.35823991894721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.3510516285896301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.343682199716568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.33268800377845764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.32290974259376526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.25540947914123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15918445587158203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.1377253532409668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.12018930912017822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11881053447723389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0738894216659843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0738894216659843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0738894216659843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142977025","display_name":"Conflict Management and Peace Science","issn_l":"0738-8942","issn":["0738-8942","1549-9219"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Conflict Management and Peace Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:compsc:v:36:y:2019:i:2:p:191-218","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0738894216659843","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"display_name":"Life on land","score":0.4390000104904175,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W560349830","https://openalex.org/W1525023740","https://openalex.org/W1608568265","https://openalex.org/W1634860589","https://openalex.org/W1867612148","https://openalex.org/W1917162680","https://openalex.org/W1973452569","https://openalex.org/W1979577091","https://openalex.org/W1981642162","https://openalex.org/W1984478138","https://openalex.org/W1991669095","https://openalex.org/W1995297713","https://openalex.org/W2004256046","https://openalex.org/W2010730087","https://openalex.org/W2016572938","https://openalex.org/W2032591502","https://openalex.org/W2037108902","https://openalex.org/W2038154348","https://openalex.org/W2042813929","https://openalex.org/W2053122362","https://openalex.org/W2053874766","https://openalex.org/W2054410293","https://openalex.org/W2065678659","https://openalex.org/W2070947683","https://openalex.org/W2075708635","https://openalex.org/W2078707717","https://openalex.org/W2086658156","https://openalex.org/W2089938954","https://openalex.org/W2098992971","https://openalex.org/W2105352486","https://openalex.org/W2120272366","https://openalex.org/W2123260710","https://openalex.org/W2126211631","https://openalex.org/W2129643520","https://openalex.org/W2131830082","https://openalex.org/W2134792551","https://openalex.org/W2138040337","https://openalex.org/W2142705232","https://openalex.org/W2145488574","https://openalex.org/W2147039585","https://openalex.org/W2149681902","https://openalex.org/W2151780178","https://openalex.org/W2153236979","https://openalex.org/W2156395131","https://openalex.org/W2168714887","https://openalex.org/W2169685578","https://openalex.org/W2169704614","https://openalex.org/W2173778126","https://openalex.org/W2250959312","https://openalex.org/W2259409140","https://openalex.org/W2497207676","https://openalex.org/W2564608203","https://openalex.org/W2889827801","https://openalex.org/W2891952862","https://openalex.org/W2963980139","https://openalex.org/W3122074090","https://openalex.org/W4240984862","https://openalex.org/W4299366564","https://openalex.org/W4402868279"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2990357154","https://openalex.org/W1699285750","https://openalex.org/W7014916704","https://openalex.org/W7111662204","https://openalex.org/W4409113954","https://openalex.org/W2983727234","https://openalex.org/W3202554740","https://openalex.org/W386318622","https://openalex.org/W2086658156","https://openalex.org/W2947021568"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"arguments":[1],"about":[2],"the":[3,16,38,47,78,81,102],"effect":[4],"of":[5,56,80,85,91],"terrain":[6,31],"on":[7,30],"intrastate":[8],"and":[9,33,41,62,96,104],"interstate":[10],"violence":[11],"are":[12,49],"more":[13],"varied":[14],"than":[15],"data":[17,29,48,82],"sources":[18],"widely":[19],"used":[20],"to":[21,52],"test":[22],"such":[23],"relationships.":[24],"We":[25,76],"introduce":[26],"precise":[27],"geo-referenced":[28],"ruggedness":[32,103],"land":[34,105],"cover":[35,106],"globally":[36],"at":[37],"national,":[39],"provincial,":[40],"1\u00d71":[42],"km":[43],"grid-square":[44],"levels.":[45],"Accordingly,":[46],"readily":[50],"applicable":[51],"a":[53],"wide":[54],"range":[55],"research":[57],"designs,":[58,64],"including":[59],"cross-national,":[60],"sub-national":[61],"single-country":[63],"as":[65,67],"well":[66],"any":[68],"study":[69],"that":[70],"uses":[71],"geographic":[72],"information":[73],"system":[74],"data.":[75,107],"demonstrate":[77],"utility":[79],"with":[83],"replication":[84],"Miguel":[86],"et":[87],"al.":[88],"(2004,":[89],"Journal":[90],"Political":[92],"Economy":[93],"112(4):":[94],"725\u2013753)":[95],"produce":[97],"new":[98],"findings":[99],"leveraging":[100],"both":[101]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-11-11T00:00:00"}
