{"id":"https://openalex.org/W254654060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2527/1997.75102609x","title":"The effect of prepubertal immunization against gonadotropin-releasing hormone on the development of sexual and social behavior of bulls.","display_name":"The effect of prepubertal immunization against gonadotropin-releasing hormone on the development of sexual and social behavior of bulls.","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W254654060","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2527/1997.75102609x","mag":"254654060","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9331862"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2527/1997.75102609x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2527/1997.75102609x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2527/1997.75102609x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72684844","display_name":"Journal of Animal Science","issn_l":"0021-8812","issn":["0021-8812","1525-3015","1525-3163","1544-7847"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Animal Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065888037","display_name":"Jenny G. Jago","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-8411","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-8411"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52179390","display_name":"University of Waikato","ror":"https://ror.org/013fsnh78","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J G Jago","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand","*Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand","\u2020Animal Behaviour and Welfare Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"*Department of Biological Sciences, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020Animal Behaviour and Welfare Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085236057","display_name":"N. R. Cox","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4800-994X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4800-994X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41125697","display_name":"AgResearch","ror":"https://ror.org/0124gwh94","country_code":"NZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41125697","https://openalex.org/I4405260297"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N R Cox","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u2021 Biometrics Group, AgResearch, Agricultural Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2021 Biometrics Group, AgResearch, Agricultural Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41125697"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113901736","display_name":"J. J. Bass","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41125697","display_name":"AgResearch","ror":"https://ror.org/0124gwh94","country_code":"NZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41125697","https://openalex.org/I4405260297"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J J Bass","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u00a7 Growth and Meat Science Group, AgResearch, Ruakura Agricultural Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00a7 Growth and Meat Science Group, AgResearch, Ruakura Agricultural Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41125697"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"L R Matthews","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L R Matthews","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u2020 Animal Behaviour and Welfare Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u2020 Animal Behaviour and Welfare Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065888037"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"],"apc_list":{"value":4368,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4368},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.657,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6321092,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"75","issue":"10","first_page":"2609","last_page":"2609"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10960","display_name":"Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones","score":0.8949999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10960","display_name":"Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones","score":0.8949999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10584","display_name":"Reproductive Physiology in Livestock","score":0.035599999129772186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10116","display_name":"Sperm and Testicular Function","score":0.024399999529123306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gonadotropin-releasing-hormone","display_name":"gonadotropin-releasing hormone","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnrh-immunization","display_name":"GnRH immunization","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bulls","display_name":"bulls","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-behavior","display_name":"sexual behavior","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-behavior","display_name":"social behavior","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agonistic-behavior","display_name":"agonistic behavior","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/castration","display_name":"castration","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testosterone","display_name":"testosterone","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-gnrh-antibodies","display_name":"anti-GnRH antibodies","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testicular-weight","display_name":"testicular weight","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seminal-vesicle-weight","display_name":"seminal vesicle weight","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/holstein-cattle","display_name":"Holstein cows","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cattle-reproduction","display_name":"cattle reproduction","score":0.3059999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779279991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6058681","display_name":"Testosterone (patch)","level":2,"score":0.7074540257453918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187898756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395324","display_name":"Agonistic behaviour","level":3,"score":0.6991523504257202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192536144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609370","display_name":"Sexual maturity","level":2,"score":0.5995556712150574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.588618278503418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5548657178878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32611913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166189","display_name":"Titer","level":3,"score":0.5225157737731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4762689769268036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993290233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q608","display_name":"Sexual behavior","level":2,"score":0.46144619584083557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415366","display_name":"Immunization","level":3,"score":0.41860640048980713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71315377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364","display_name":"Hormone","level":2,"score":0.41798079013824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778894405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318896","display_name":"Gonadotropin-releasing hormone","level":4,"score":0.41291964054107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.35342341661453247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2710023522377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.2698020339012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778575703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50265477","display_name":"Luteinizing hormone","level":3,"score":0.23951643705368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.09615328907966614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779448149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191797","display_name":"Aggression","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000906","descriptor_name":"Antibodies","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002417","descriptor_name":"Cattle","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002417","descriptor_name":"Cattle","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007987","descriptor_name":"Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011897","descriptor_name":"Random Allocation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012726","descriptor_name":"Sexual Behavior, Animal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012727","descriptor_name":"Sex Characteristics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012741","descriptor_name":"Sexual Maturation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012919","descriptor_name":"Social Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013739","descriptor_name":"Testosterone","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014611","descriptor_name":"Vaccination","qualifier_ui":"Q000662","qualifier_name":"veterinary","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2527/1997.75102609x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2527/1997.75102609x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2527/1997.75102609x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72684844","display_name":"Journal of Animal Science","issn_l":"0021-8812","issn":["0021-8812","1525-3015","1525-3163","1544-7847"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Animal Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9331862","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9331862","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of animal science","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59286662","https://openalex.org/W138728393","https://openalex.org/W339441941","https://openalex.org/W610440601","https://openalex.org/W803850232","https://openalex.org/W1966157911","https://openalex.org/W1978465150","https://openalex.org/W1982207018","https://openalex.org/W1990381836","https://openalex.org/W2003725129","https://openalex.org/W2004962499","https://openalex.org/W2008520259","https://openalex.org/W2014013254","https://openalex.org/W2051477501","https://openalex.org/W2054805201","https://openalex.org/W2064253944","https://openalex.org/W2067237821","https://openalex.org/W2075059240","https://openalex.org/W2094116653","https://openalex.org/W2136358039","https://openalex.org/W2341838843","https://openalex.org/W2394495734","https://openalex.org/W2413339738","https://openalex.org/W2417202137","https://openalex.org/W2418380007","https://openalex.org/W2418623056","https://openalex.org/W2419320206","https://openalex.org/W2437282989","https://openalex.org/W3015216974"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2192483221","https://openalex.org/W339441941","https://openalex.org/W2057084232","https://openalex.org/W2128684640","https://openalex.org/W2135156023","https://openalex.org/W2121263474","https://openalex.org/W2008520259","https://openalex.org/W2066438214","https://openalex.org/W2067237821","https://openalex.org/W1994057809"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"determine":[1],"the":[2,10,146,232,278,317,419],"effect":[3],"of":[4,12,17,43,64,83,97,183,197,231,263,267,280,290,310,332,341,350,412,421,426],"prepubertal":[5],"immunization":[6,319,403],"against":[7,31,53,74,153,404],"GnRH":[8,32,54,75,154,405],"on":[9,316],"development":[11,420],"sexual":[13,233,245,255,357,424],"and":[14,35,40,57,61,78,102,129,134,139,202,208,227,287,307,364,366,409,417,423],"social":[15,422],"behavior":[16,236,246,256,358,425],"Friesian":[18],"bulls,":[19,106],"90":[20],"calves":[21,150],"were":[22,114,172,206,220,335,337,397],"randomly":[23],"assigned":[24],"to":[25,141,188,217,260,329,347],"five":[26],"treatments:":[27],"1)":[28],"I2,":[29,225],"immunized":[30,52,73,149,178,214,268,360],"at":[33,37,55,59,76,80,94,159,194,283,302,406],"2":[34,47,68,87,95,109],"boosted":[36,58,79],"2.5,":[38],"4,":[39,408],"7.5":[41,62,77,410],"mo":[42,63,82,96,182,196,262,289,309,331,349,411],"age,":[44,65,98,184,333],"n":[45,66,85,99,107],"=":[46,67,86,100,108],"x":[48,69,88,110],"10;":[49,70,89,101],"2)":[50],"I4,":[51,226,363],"4":[56],"4.5":[60],"3)":[71],"I7.5,":[72],"8":[81],"age":[84,413],"4)":[90],"S,":[91],"steers":[92,242],"castrated":[93],"5)":[103],"B,":[104],"intact":[105,192,281],"10.":[111],"Blood":[112],"samples":[113],"collected":[115],"initially":[116],"every":[117,120],"2,":[118,407],"then":[119],"3":[121],"wk.":[122],"Plasma":[123,169],"was":[124,143,275,321,353,387],"analyzed":[125],"for":[126,176,212,373,391],"anti-GnRH":[127],"titers":[128],"plasma":[130],"testosterone":[131,170],"concentration.":[132],"Sexual":[133],"agonistic":[135,235,392],"behavior,":[136,393],"male-male":[137,342],"mounting,":[138],"damage":[140,313],"paddocks":[142],"assessed":[144],"throughout":[145],"experiment.":[147],"All":[148],"developed":[151],"antibodies":[152],"(32.3":[155],"+/-":[156],"2.0%":[157],"bound":[158],"a":[160,388],"1:10":[161],"plasma:PBS-BSA":[162],"dilution,":[163],"14":[164,195,348],"d":[165],"after":[166],"first":[167],"boost).":[168],"concentrations":[171],"<":[173],"1":[174],"ng/mL":[175],"all":[177,213,244,379],"animals":[179,269,293,315],"until":[180],"11":[181],"when":[185],"they":[186],"increased":[187],"levels":[189],"found":[190],"in":[191,229,243,254,298,356,370],"bulls":[193,249,253,282,297,326,361,367,396],"age.":[198,264,291,311,351],"At":[199],"slaughter,":[200,377],"testes":[201,415],"seminal":[203],"vesicle":[204],"weights":[205],"38.3":[207],"31.6%":[209],"lighter,":[210],"respectively,":[211],"treatments":[215,320],"compared":[216],"B.":[218],"There":[219,352,386],"no":[221,354,398],"significant":[222],"differences":[223],"between":[224,359],"I7.5":[228],"any":[230],"or":[234],"tests.":[237,247],"Bulls":[238],"scored":[239,250,294,382],"higher":[240,383],"than":[241,252,277,296,323,384],"Immunized":[248,292],"lower":[251,276,295,322],"tests":[257,301],"from":[258,327,345,400],"10":[259],"17":[261,288,308],"The":[265],"proportion":[266,279],"that":[270,324],"serviced":[271],"an":[272],"estrous":[273],"cow":[274],"10,":[284],"12.5,":[285],"14,":[286],"bull":[299],"challenge":[300],"8.5,":[303],"11.5,":[304],"13,":[305],"14.5,":[306],"Paddock":[312],"by":[314,325],"three":[318],"7":[328],"14.5":[330],"as":[334],"leg":[336],"scores":[338],"(an":[339],"indicator":[340],"mounting":[343],"behavior)":[344],"9":[346],"difference":[355],"(I2,":[362],"I7.5)":[365],"while":[368],"held":[369],"lairage":[371],"pens":[372],"16":[374],"h":[375],"before":[376],"but":[378],"treatment":[380],"groups":[381],"steers.":[385,401],"similar":[389],"trend":[390],"although":[394],"I4":[395],"different":[399],"Prepubertal":[402],"impaired":[414],"function":[416],"affected":[418],"young":[427],"bulls.":[428]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
