{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2544550436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c6nr06695j","title":"Templating for hierarchical structure control in carbon materials","display_name":"Templating for hierarchical structure control in carbon materials","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2544550436","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c6nr06695j","mag":"2544550436","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27827511"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1039/c6nr06695j","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c6nr06695j","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c6nr06695j","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23181512","display_name":"Nanoscale","issn_l":"2040-3364","issn":["2040-3364","2040-3372"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320556","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society of Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanoscale","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/224803","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088314345","display_name":"Stephen Schrettl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6371-3089","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6371-3089"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Schrettl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Materials, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, EPFL - STI - IMX - LMOM MXG 134, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Holger.Frauenrath@epfl.ch","Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Materials, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, EPFL \u2013 STI \u2013 IMX \u2013 LMOM MXG 134, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Materials, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, EPFL - STI - IMX - LMOM MXG 134, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Holger.Frauenrath@epfl.ch","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Materials, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, EPFL \u2013 STI \u2013 IMX \u2013 LMOM MXG 134, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078795098","display_name":"Bjoern Schulte","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bjoern Schulte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Materials, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, EPFL \u2013 STI \u2013 IMX \u2013 LMOM MXG 134, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Materials, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, EPFL \u2013 STI \u2013 IMX \u2013 LMOM MXG 134, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080562655","display_name":"Holger Frauenrath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1720-6991","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1720-6991"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Holger Frauenrath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Materials, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, EPFL \u2013 STI \u2013 IMX \u2013 LMOM MXG 134, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Materials, Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Materials, EPFL \u2013 STI \u2013 IMX \u2013 LMOM MXG 134, Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080562655"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.925,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85451933,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"45","first_page":"18828","last_page":"18848"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10074","display_name":"Carbon Nanotubes in Composites","score":0.5083000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10074","display_name":"Carbon Nanotubes in Composites","score":0.5083000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10735","display_name":"Mesoporous Materials and Catalysis","score":0.2101999968290329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10179","display_name":"Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication","score":0.05979999899864197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/templating","display_name":"templating","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-nanotubes","display_name":"carbon nanotubes","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vertically-aligned-carbon-nanotubes","display_name":"vertically aligned carbon nanotubes","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-nanosheets","display_name":"carbon nanosheets","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hard-templates","display_name":"hard templates","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-template","display_name":"soft template","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-templates","display_name":"molecular templates","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-chemistry","display_name":"surface chemistry","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/porosity","display_name":"porosity","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphology-materials-science","display_name":"morphology (materials science)","score":0.7429999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.7468644380569458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.7206107974052429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6871063709259033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513720949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778729","display_name":"Carbon nanotube","level":2,"score":0.6851807832717896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45206210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2415817","display_name":"Nanoscopic scale","level":2,"score":0.5030712485313416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82714645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q438331","display_name":"Template","level":2,"score":0.4837455749511719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.13518056273460388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.09881696105003357}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1039/c6nr06695j","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c6nr06695j","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1039/c6nr06695j","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23181512","display_name":"Nanoscale","issn_l":"2040-3364","issn":["2040-3364","2040-3372"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320556","host_organization_name":"Royal Society of Chemistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Royal Society of Chemistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanoscale","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27827511","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27827511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nanoscale","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:224803","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/224803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","host_organization_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.tind.io:224803","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/224803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","host_organization_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:224803","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/224803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","host_organization_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2091596413","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"239831","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308269","display_name":"Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","ror":"https://ror.org/012kf4317"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":219,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11476871","https://openalex.org/W1501128061","https://openalex.org/W1513301399","https://openalex.org/W1524140718","https://openalex.org/W1552647510","https://openalex.org/W1561645741","https://openalex.org/W1582764014","https://openalex.org/W1586349668","https://openalex.org/W1614416352","https://openalex.org/W1802692242","https://openalex.org/W1904322625","https://openalex.org/W1916624321","https://openalex.org/W1952898717","https://openalex.org/W1959464420","https://openalex.org/W1961410835","https://openalex.org/W1963721289","https://openalex.org/W1965542060","https://openalex.org/W1966896210","https://openalex.org/W1967227900","https://openalex.org/W1967688298","https://openalex.org/W1968467623","https://openalex.org/W1970049203","https://openalex.org/W1970538290","https://openalex.org/W1970748917","https://openalex.org/W1973672922","https://openalex.org/W1973878945","https://openalex.org/W1974403562","https://openalex.org/W1975500012","https://openalex.org/W1975903885","https://openalex.org/W1977674438","https://openalex.org/W1978777697","https://openalex.org/W1980282438","https://openalex.org/W1980801290","https://openalex.org/W1981156537","https://openalex.org/W1981164146","https://openalex.org/W1983376528","https://openalex.org/W1984669631","https://openalex.org/W1984959292","https://openalex.org/W1986980084","https://openalex.org/W1988402356","https://openalex.org/W1988525590","https://openalex.org/W1988624241","https://openalex.org/W1988673130","https://openalex.org/W1989990468","https://openalex.org/W1990472732","https://openalex.org/W1992933851","https://openalex.org/W1994025389","https://openalex.org/W1996045091","https://openalex.org/W1998359358","https://openalex.org/W2000043459","https://openalex.org/W2003645393","https://openalex.org/W2003709687","https://openalex.org/W2006526809","https://openalex.org/W2007322994","https://openalex.org/W2007887496","https://openalex.org/W2008986361","https://openalex.org/W2009254023","https://openalex.org/W2009356452","https://openalex.org/W2010556225","https://openalex.org/W2011519309","https://openalex.org/W2011841475","https://openalex.org/W2012673536","https://openalex.org/W2016904802","https://openalex.org/W2017507680","https://openalex.org/W2018278208","https://openalex.org/W2018829800","https://openalex.org/W2018858346","https://openalex.org/W2022684752","https://openalex.org/W2023631851","https://openalex.org/W2024227324","https://openalex.org/W2025491795","https://openalex.org/W2026941667","https://openalex.org/W2028541537","https://openalex.org/W2032667425","https://openalex.org/W2033849175","https://openalex.org/W2034304796","https://openalex.org/W2034944888","https://openalex.org/W2037682587","https://openalex.org/W2038313886","https://openalex.org/W2042651834","https://openalex.org/W2043210098","https://openalex.org/W2043836738","https://openalex.org/W2047234938","https://openalex.org/W2047349623","https://openalex.org/W2047543492","https://openalex.org/W2048865889","https://openalex.org/W2049667431","https://openalex.org/W2050280469","https://openalex.org/W2050944260","https://openalex.org/W2052600103","https://openalex.org/W2053427667","https://openalex.org/W2055688907","https://openalex.org/W2056113178","https://openalex.org/W2056961267","https://openalex.org/W2058122340","https://openalex.org/W2060917184","https://openalex.org/W2061911094","https://openalex.org/W2065042378","https://openalex.org/W2067447930","https://openalex.org/W2067532526","https://openalex.org/W2067765323","https://openalex.org/W2068051409","https://openalex.org/W2069177638","https://openalex.org/W2074001600","https://openalex.org/W2075380481","https://openalex.org/W2075453310","https://openalex.org/W2075820124","https://openalex.org/W2075882133","https://openalex.org/W2076285489","https://openalex.org/W2076703703","https://openalex.org/W2077760181","https://openalex.org/W2077793248","https://openalex.org/W2078227552","https://openalex.org/W2079077506","https://openalex.org/W2080464773","https://openalex.org/W2080537573","https://openalex.org/W2081446496","https://openalex.org/W2082208359","https://openalex.org/W2085303386","https://openalex.org/W2085308487","https://openalex.org/W2085817432","https://openalex.org/W2086440603","https://openalex.org/W2086825902","https://openalex.org/W2086880071","https://openalex.org/W2088201372","https://openalex.org/W2088565063","https://openalex.org/W2090550192","https://openalex.org/W2092972859","https://openalex.org/W2093633413","https://openalex.org/W2094314521","https://openalex.org/W2094948497","https://openalex.org/W2095232164","https://openalex.org/W2095937973","https://openalex.org/W2096474469","https://openalex.org/W2096900385","https://openalex.org/W2097587829","https://openalex.org/W2097773259","https://openalex.org/W2102130849","https://openalex.org/W2102668046","https://openalex.org/W2104713308","https://openalex.org/W2105479277","https://openalex.org/W2106757753","https://openalex.org/W2107092272","https://openalex.org/W2108188563","https://openalex.org/W2109360028","https://openalex.org/W2111889102","https://openalex.org/W2112411400","https://openalex.org/W2112849956","https://openalex.org/W2117418752","https://openalex.org/W2117529382","https://openalex.org/W2118240461","https://openalex.org/W2120052676","https://openalex.org/W2120346269","https://openalex.org/W2121771493","https://openalex.org/W2125544504","https://openalex.org/W2125661072","https://openalex.org/W2125740445","https://openalex.org/W2126509923","https://openalex.org/W2127999757","https://openalex.org/W2128163302","https://openalex.org/W2130758864","https://openalex.org/W2131167155","https://openalex.org/W2131397468","https://openalex.org/W2133719430","https://openalex.org/W2134233006","https://openalex.org/W2134819724","https://openalex.org/W2138210747","https://openalex.org/W2138861556","https://openalex.org/W2139982106","https://openalex.org/W2140372631","https://openalex.org/W2140690201","https://openalex.org/W2141550901","https://openalex.org/W2142230677","https://openalex.org/W2142374638","https://openalex.org/W2142822648","https://openalex.org/W2146409587","https://openalex.org/W2147988906","https://openalex.org/W2148102068","https://openalex.org/W2155676979","https://openalex.org/W2156517468","https://openalex.org/W2159764916","https://openalex.org/W2160305838","https://openalex.org/W2160330844","https://openalex.org/W2161224629","https://openalex.org/W2161910158","https://openalex.org/W2163980958","https://openalex.org/W2164843620","https://openalex.org/W2165745453","https://openalex.org/W2169083800","https://openalex.org/W2170074129","https://openalex.org/W2175535179","https://openalex.org/W2211269894","https://openalex.org/W2281492075","https://openalex.org/W2297038452","https://openalex.org/W2298837209","https://openalex.org/W2302202742","https://openalex.org/W2313110830","https://openalex.org/W2316586673","https://openalex.org/W2316927639","https://openalex.org/W2317134831","https://openalex.org/W2317308341","https://openalex.org/W2318175080","https://openalex.org/W2318629277","https://openalex.org/W2322277282","https://openalex.org/W2322638999","https://openalex.org/W2329110910","https://openalex.org/W2329587901","https://openalex.org/W2332211311","https://openalex.org/W2335304077","https://openalex.org/W2335507237","https://openalex.org/W2335561961","https://openalex.org/W2337982701","https://openalex.org/W2500813767","https://openalex.org/W2510705532","https://openalex.org/W2951271235","https://openalex.org/W2964225117","https://openalex.org/W4211098812","https://openalex.org/W4237881864","https://openalex.org/W6603100801"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2952195489","https://openalex.org/W4241613946","https://openalex.org/W4399200088","https://openalex.org/W2011665812","https://openalex.org/W2071612112","https://openalex.org/W2549781352","https://openalex.org/W2574319183","https://openalex.org/W3215380607","https://openalex.org/W193562677","https://openalex.org/W7096343513"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Carbon-based":[0],"materials":[1,110],"show":[2],"a":[3],"remarkable":[4],"variety":[5],"of":[6,27,43,89,137,142,161],"physical":[7,36],"properties.":[8,147],"For":[9],"this":[10],"reason,":[11],"they":[12],"have":[13,133],"recently":[14,112],"been":[15,113],"explored":[16],"for":[17],"many":[18],"advanced":[19],"applications":[20],"and":[21,70,145,175],"emerging":[22],"technologies.":[23],"In":[24],"the":[25,44,48,56,87,154,159,181,185,189],"absence":[26],"actual":[28],"\"chemical\"":[29],"functionalities":[30],"in":[31],"these":[32,35,81],"materials,":[33,79],"tailoring":[34],"properties":[37],"requires":[38],"control":[39,160,183],"on":[40,96,164],"all":[41,80],"levels":[42],"structural":[45],"hierarchy,":[46],"from":[47],"atomic":[49],"structure":[50,68,162,170],"(carbon":[51],"connectivity,":[52],"defects,":[53],"impurities),":[54],"to":[55,151],"supramolecular":[57],"level":[58],"(domain":[59,64],"orientations),":[60],"nanoscopic":[61],"length":[62,166],"scale":[63],"sizes,":[65],"porosity),":[66],"microscopic":[67],"(morphology),":[69],"macroscopic":[71],"aspects":[72],"(shape,":[73],"surface":[74,190],"chemistry).":[75],"When":[76],"preparing":[77],"carbon":[78,109,116,121,123,127,131,186],"features":[82],"can":[83,172],"be":[84,173],"tailored":[85],"through":[86,101],"use":[88],"hard,":[90],"soft,":[91],"or":[92,100,129,188],"molecular":[93],"templates.":[94],"Based":[95],"such":[97,118,179],"templating":[98,156],"approaches":[99,157],"their":[102],"combination,":[103],"tremendous":[104],"progress":[105],"towards":[106],"hierarchically":[107],"structured":[108],"has":[111],"accomplished.":[114],"Novel":[115],"nanomaterials":[117],"as":[119,180],"brick-walled":[120],"tubes,":[122],"nanotube":[124],"forests,":[125],"coral-like":[126],"monoliths,":[128],"functional":[130],"nanosheets":[132],"become":[134],"available,":[135],"some":[136],"which":[138,176],"exhibit":[139],"unusual":[140],"combinations":[141],"electronic,":[143],"mechanical,":[144],"chemical":[146],"This":[148],"review":[149],"aims":[150],"discuss":[152],"how":[153,168],"different":[155],"allow":[158],"formation":[163,171],"various":[165],"scales,":[167],"hierarchical":[169],"realized,":[174],"challenges":[177],"remain,":[178],"detailed":[182],"over":[184],"connectivity":[187],"chemistry.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-11-04T00:00:00"}