{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2540268317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acw081","title":"The Wechsler Test of Adult Reading as a Measure of Premorbid Intelligence Following Traumatic Brain Injury","display_name":"The Wechsler Test of Adult Reading as a Measure of Premorbid Intelligence Following Traumatic Brain Injury","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2540268317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acw081","mag":"2540268317","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27799224"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/arclin/acw081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acw081","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acw081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13265631","display_name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","issn_l":"0887-6177","issn":["0887-6177","1873-5843"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042050343","display_name":"Kayla A. Steward","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kayla A. Steward","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038244749","display_name":"Thomas A. Novack","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3043-7900","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3043-7900"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas A. Novack","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040122670","display_name":"Richard Kennedy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4638-126X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4638-126X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Kennedy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103164872","display_name":"Michael G. Crowe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7736-4441","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7736-4441"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Crowe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089935579","display_name":"Daniel C. Marson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4867-3234","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4867-3234"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel C. Marson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA dmarson@uabmc.edu","Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA dmarson@uabmc.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033573544","display_name":"Kristen L. Triebel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9161-7847","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9161-7847"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32389192","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristen L. Triebel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089935579"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32389192"],"apc_list":{"value":4823,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4823},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5613,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8402403,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"1","first_page":"98","last_page":"103"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10416","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Research","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10416","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Research","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10706","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12848","display_name":"Psychological Testing and Assessment","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premorbid-intelligence","display_name":"premorbid intelligence","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traumatic-brain-injury","display_name":"traumatic brain injury","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mild-traumatic-brain-injury","display_name":"mild traumatic brain injury","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moderate-to-severe-traumatic-brain-injury","display_name":"moderate to severe traumatic brain injury","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligence-estimation","display_name":"intelligence estimation","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recovery-from-brain-injury","display_name":"brain injury recovery","score":0.503000020980835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781017439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1995526","display_name":"Traumatic brain injury","level":2,"score":0.8114654421806335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89798072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141779","display_name":"Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale","level":3,"score":0.7639741897583008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6256304383277893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.46990105509757996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4472638964653015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.38965585827827454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.353958398103714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.324089378118515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.20237404108047485}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000070642","descriptor_name":"Brain Injuries, Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001924","descriptor_name":"Brain Concussion","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007360","descriptor_name":"Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009483","descriptor_name":"Neuropsychological Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011237","descriptor_name":"Predictive Value of Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011932","descriptor_name":"Reading","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014888","descriptor_name":"Wechsler Scales","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/arclin/acw081","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acw081","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acw081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13265631","display_name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","issn_l":"0887-6177","issn":["0887-6177","1873-5843"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:27799224","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27799224","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:open-archive.highwire.org:acn:32/1/98","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://acn.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/32/1/98","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923041","display_name":"HighWire Press Open Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"TEXT"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310431","display_name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/008s83205"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W611723161","https://openalex.org/W1576330774","https://openalex.org/W1830481607","https://openalex.org/W1914703486","https://openalex.org/W1967066573","https://openalex.org/W1986702009","https://openalex.org/W2023614682","https://openalex.org/W2028582362","https://openalex.org/W2031456032","https://openalex.org/W2037033626","https://openalex.org/W2053507521","https://openalex.org/W2112096647","https://openalex.org/W2133425596","https://openalex.org/W2140870301","https://openalex.org/W2154658384","https://openalex.org/W2167499282","https://openalex.org/W2313999338","https://openalex.org/W2606481147"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2167499282","https://openalex.org/W2023614682","https://openalex.org/W2028582362","https://openalex.org/W2466233785","https://openalex.org/W2972540632","https://openalex.org/W2775934444","https://openalex.org/W2252690481","https://openalex.org/W2467017379","https://openalex.org/W2514815644","https://openalex.org/W2161877420"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"The":[1],"current":[2],"study":[3],"sought":[4],"to":[5],"determine":[6],"whether":[7],"the":[8,52,74,81,92,110,118,133],"Wechsler":[9],"Test":[10],"of":[11,19,36],"Adult":[12],"Reading":[13],"(WTAR)":[14],"provides":[15],"a":[16,85],"stable":[17],"estimate":[18],"premorbid":[20,130],"intellectual":[21],"ability":[22],"in":[23,88,147],"acutely":[24],"injured":[25],"patients":[26,138],"recovering":[27],"from":[28,105],"traumatic":[29],"brain":[30],"injury":[31],"(TBI).":[32],"METHOD:":[33],"A":[34],"total":[35],"135":[37],"participants":[38,65,98],"(43":[39],"mild":[40],"TBI":[41,45,149],"[mTBI],":[42],"40":[43],"moderate/severe":[44],"[msevTBI],":[46],"52":[47],"healthy":[48,106],"controls)":[49],"were":[50],"administered":[51],"WTAR":[53,75,89,119],"at":[54,76],"1":[55],"and":[56,108,112],"12":[57],"months":[58],"post-injury.":[59],"RESULTS:":[60],"Despite":[61],"similar":[62],"demographic":[63],"profiles,":[64],"with":[66,99,139],"msevTBI":[67,82],"performed":[68],"significantly":[69,103],"worse":[70],"than":[71],"controls":[72,107],"on":[73,117],"both":[77,109],"time":[78],"points.":[79],"Moreover,":[80],"group":[83],"had":[84],"significant":[86],"improvement":[87],"performance":[90],"over":[91,120],"1-year":[93],"period.":[94],"In":[95],"contrast,":[96],"those":[97],"mTBI":[100,111],"did":[101],"not":[102],"differ":[104],"control":[113],"groups":[114],"demonstrated":[115],"stability":[116],"time.":[121],"CONCLUSIONS:":[122],"Results":[123],"indicate":[124],"that":[125],"word-reading":[126],"tests":[127],"may":[128],"underestimate":[129],"intelligence":[131],"during":[132],"immediate":[134],"recovery":[135],"period":[136],"for":[137],"msevTBI.":[140],"Clinicians":[141],"should":[142],"consider":[143],"alternative":[144],"estimation":[145],"measures":[146],"this":[148],"subpopulation.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-11-04T00:00:00"}