{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2536738813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-016-0461-2","title":"Are differential consumption patterns in health-related behaviours an explanation for persistent and widening social inequalities in health in England?","display_name":"Are differential consumption patterns in health-related behaviours an explanation for persistent and widening social inequalities in health in England?","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2536738813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-016-0461-2","mag":"2536738813","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27756357","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5070153"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12939-016-0461-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-016-0461-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-016-0461-2","pdf_url":"https://equityhealthj.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12939-016-0461-2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167257428","display_name":"International Journal for Equity in Health","issn_l":"1475-9276","issn":["1475-9276"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal for Equity in Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://equityhealthj.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12939-016-0461-2","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013027957","display_name":"Emma Stait","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2593-5489","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2593-5489"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emma Stait","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Social Policy, Sociology and Social Research, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NF, UK. ejs51@kent.ac.uk","School of Social Policy, Sociology and Social Research, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NF, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2593-5489","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Social Policy, Sociology and Social Research, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NF, UK. ejs51@kent.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Social Policy, Sociology and Social Research, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NF, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082614935","display_name":"Michael Calnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7239-6898","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7239-6898"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Calnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Social Policy, Sociology and Social Research, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NF, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Social Policy, Sociology and Social Research, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NF, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013027957"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"],"apc_list":{"value":3690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3690},"apc_paid":{"value":3690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3690},"fwci":0.4398,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72800851,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"171","last_page":"171"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.8955000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.8955000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13633","display_name":"Public Health and Social Inequalities","score":0.09390000253915787,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13861","display_name":"Health and Lifestyle Studies","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-behavior","display_name":"health behavior","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fruit-and-vegetable-intake","display_name":"fruit and vegetable intake","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-consumption","display_name":"alcohol consumption","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise","display_name":"physical activity","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-position","display_name":"socioeconomic position","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment","display_name":"educational attainment","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-class","display_name":"occupational class","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-income","display_name":"household income","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-trends","display_name":"temporal trends","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifestyle-habits","display_name":"lifestyle habits","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-survey-for-england","display_name":"Health Survey for England","score":0.7429999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.6312451958656311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.625880777835846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.6209327578544617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110888244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187588","display_name":"Social class","level":2,"score":0.6027920246124268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.5540218353271484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778149918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3291156","display_name":"Population health","level":3,"score":0.5363932847976685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5069708824157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19159745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828395","display_name":"Social policy","level":2,"score":0.4464053809642792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.4220309555530548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165148211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5431887","display_name":"Social inequality","level":3,"score":0.4209226965904236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778708355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5690702","display_name":"Health Survey for England","level":3,"score":0.413602739572525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3664500415325165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.34338557720184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3414984345436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2772172689437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.20636549592018127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.20062679052352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.1090882420539856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000428","descriptor_name":"Alcohol Drinking","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004032","descriptor_name":"Diet","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004739","descriptor_name":"England","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006306","descriptor_name":"Health Surveys","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007182","descriptor_name":"Income","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008019","descriptor_name":"Life Style","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012923","descriptor_name":"Social Class","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015438","descriptor_name":"Health Behavior","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015444","descriptor_name":"Exercise","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D054624","descriptor_name":"Health Status Disparities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12939-016-0461-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-016-0461-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-016-0461-2","pdf_url":"https://equityhealthj.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12939-016-0461-2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167257428","display_name":"International Journal for Equity in Health","issn_l":"1475-9276","issn":["1475-9276"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal for Equity in Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5070153","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5070153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Int J Equity Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:27756357","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27756357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal for equity in health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kar.kent.ac.uk:57951","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-016-0461-2>)","pdf_url":"https://kar.kent.ac.uk/57951/1/Stait_et_al-2016-International_Journal_for_Equity_in_Health.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196264","display_name":"Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","host_organization_name":"University of Kent","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12939-016-0461-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-016-0461-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-016-0461-2","pdf_url":"https://equityhealthj.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12939-016-0461-2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S167257428","display_name":"International Journal for Equity in Health","issn_l":"1475-9276","issn":["1475-9276"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal for Equity in Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9629999995231628,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2536738813.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2536738813.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W121207634","https://openalex.org/W289196731","https://openalex.org/W656170290","https://openalex.org/W1533200881","https://openalex.org/W1542753785","https://openalex.org/W1544300099","https://openalex.org/W1561410901","https://openalex.org/W1578249904","https://openalex.org/W1579913821","https://openalex.org/W1673909047","https://openalex.org/W1976318035","https://openalex.org/W1981434034","https://openalex.org/W1996008876","https://openalex.org/W2000107291","https://openalex.org/W2018751384","https://openalex.org/W2019009857","https://openalex.org/W2027441017","https://openalex.org/W2036658169","https://openalex.org/W2050941073","https://openalex.org/W2074154717","https://openalex.org/W2075981477","https://openalex.org/W2105697600","https://openalex.org/W2111037093","https://openalex.org/W2116039675","https://openalex.org/W2120779101","https://openalex.org/W2121248921","https://openalex.org/W2130624628","https://openalex.org/W2137806511","https://openalex.org/W2142519100","https://openalex.org/W2153871458","https://openalex.org/W2167410528","https://openalex.org/W2184151560","https://openalex.org/W2416784111","https://openalex.org/W2476411520","https://openalex.org/W3146648164","https://openalex.org/W4213188979","https://openalex.org/W4300998844","https://openalex.org/W6930078591","https://openalex.org/W6948680778","https://openalex.org/W6948990541","https://openalex.org/W6967592655","https://openalex.org/W6967637503","https://openalex.org/W6968095377"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6902626199","https://openalex.org/W6977216488","https://openalex.org/W6907397966","https://openalex.org/W4385324325","https://openalex.org/W1677654623","https://openalex.org/W2098672399","https://openalex.org/W1998490735","https://openalex.org/W2801766429","https://openalex.org/W7098091643","https://openalex.org/W4320908750"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"During":[1],"the":[2,65,76,82,101,154,171,199,204,210,254,280,323],"last":[3],"two":[4],"decades,":[5],"differential":[6],"consumption":[7,124,166],"patterns":[8],"in":[9,21,37,47,54,67,70,75,184,191,215,285,291,301],"health-related":[10,68,116,257,286,302],"behaviours":[11,287,303],"have":[12],"increasingly":[13],"been":[14],"highlighted":[15],"as":[16,219,237,266],"playing":[17],"an":[18,48],"important":[19],"role":[20],"explaining":[22,292],"persistent":[23],"and":[24,87,108,120,125,128,137,164,167,190,206,225,242,248,251,259,270,308,321],"widening":[25,293],"health":[26,35,294],"inequalities.":[27,295],"This":[28],"period":[29],"has":[30,90],"also":[31,232],"seen":[32],"government":[33],"public":[34],"policies":[36],"England":[38,105],"place":[39],"a":[40],"greater":[41],"emphasis":[42],"on":[43],"changing":[44],"'lifestyle'":[45],"behaviours,":[46],"attempt":[49],"to":[50,62,72,80,161,217,319],"tackle":[51],"social":[52,135],"inequalities":[53,313],"health.":[55],"The":[56,95,113,148,273,296],"aim":[57],"of":[58,84,153,209,298,326],"this":[59,85],"study":[60,96,149],"was":[61,98,182,231,316],"empirically":[63],"examine":[64],"variation":[66],"behaviour":[69,117,258],"relation":[71,216],"socio-economic":[73,156,211,260,283,299,312],"position,":[74],"English":[77],"adult":[78],"population,":[79],"determine":[81],"nature":[83],"relationship":[86,173,181,255],"whether":[88],"it":[89,315],"changed":[91],"over":[92,264],"time.":[93],"METHODS:":[94],"population":[97],"derived":[99],"from":[100],"Health":[102],"Survey":[103],"for":[104,175,234,246,279,311],"between":[106,115,201,256],"2001":[107],"2012":[109],"(n":[110],"=":[111],"56,468).":[112],"relationships":[114],"(smoking,":[118],"fruit":[119,163,247],"vegetable":[121,165,249],"intake,":[122,169],"alcohol":[123,168,252],"physical":[126,178,235],"activity)":[127],"three":[129,155],"socioeconomic":[130],"indicators":[131,157,212],"(educational":[132],"level,":[133,223],"occupational":[134],"class":[136],"equivilised":[138],"household":[139,226,243],"income)":[140],"were":[141,158],"analysed":[142],"using":[143],"log":[144],"bi-nomial":[145],"regression.":[146],"RESULTS:":[147],"found":[150,174,183,233],"that":[151,198,282],"each":[152],"statistically":[159],"related":[160],"smoking,":[162,218],"with":[170],"strongest":[172],"smoking.":[176],"For":[177],"activity,":[179],"no":[180],"2003":[185],"by":[186,193,221,239,268],"education":[187,269],"or":[188],"income":[189],"2008":[192],"occupation.":[194],"Statistical":[195],"analysis":[196],"showed":[197],"difference":[200],"those":[202],"at":[203],"highest":[205],"lowest":[207],"end":[208],"had":[213,262],"widened":[214],"measured":[220,238,267],"educational":[222,240],"occupation":[224],"income.":[227,244,271],"A":[228],"similar":[229],"trend":[230],"activity":[236],"level":[241],"However,":[245],"intake":[250],"consumption,":[253],"position":[261],"narrowed":[263],"time":[265],"CONCLUSIONS:":[272],"findings":[274],"provided":[275],"only":[276],"partial":[277],"support":[278],"thesis":[281],"variations":[284,300],"may":[288],"be":[289],"significant":[290],"significance":[297],"might":[304],"reflect":[305],"both":[306],"materialist":[307],"cultural":[309],"explanations":[310],"although":[314],"not":[317],"possible":[318],"separate":[320],"estimate":[322],"relative":[324],"importance":[325],"these":[327],"effects.":[328]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-10-28T00:00:00"}