{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2535819062","doi":null,"title":"Gift giving in courtship: an evolutionary approach","display_name":"Gift giving in courtship: an evolutionary approach","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2535819062","mag":"2535819062"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:14645","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/14645/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"(ELSE Working Papers 49). ESRC Centre for Economic Learning and Social Evolution: London, UK. (2002)","raw_type":"Working / discussion paper"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sozou, P.D.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I909854389","display_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0090zs177","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I909854389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sozou, P.D.","raw_affiliation_strings":["London  School of Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"London  School of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019821527","display_name":"Robert M. Seymour","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seymour, R.","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London\u2020"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London\u2020","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11118","display_name":"Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior","score":0.5170999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11118","display_name":"Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior","score":0.5170999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.39089998602867126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.07259999960660934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/costly-signaling","display_name":"costly signaling","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asymmetric-games","display_name":"asymmetric games","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evolutionary-game-theory","display_name":"evolutionary game theory","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mate-choice","display_name":"mate choice","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-attractiveness","display_name":"female attractiveness","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paternal-investment","display_name":"paternal investment","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mating-decisions","display_name":"mating decisions","score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partner-matching","display_name":"partner matching","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-selection","display_name":"sexual selection","score":0.3370000123977661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776453541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376596","display_name":"Courtship","level":2,"score":0.863574743270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C514575182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228395","display_name":"Mating","level":2,"score":0.6320728063583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778869765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6028363","display_name":"Inefficiency","level":2,"score":0.611954391002655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5960853099822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31173074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632514","display_name":"Attractiveness","level":2,"score":0.5936858654022217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017561558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184303","display_name":"Gift giving","level":3,"score":0.4918484687805176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.43873706459999084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.43815192580223083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4032634198665619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.36253756284713745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3215627670288086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.23392844200134277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.15679383277893066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.13778865337371826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777276634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211067","display_name":"Conflict of interest","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:14645","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/14645/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"(ELSE Working Papers 49). ESRC Centre for Economic Learning and Social Evolution: London, UK. (2002)","raw_type":"Working / discussion paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492328508","https://openalex.org/W1624004185","https://openalex.org/W1960351623","https://openalex.org/W2042154035","https://openalex.org/W2084897684","https://openalex.org/W2125364437","https://openalex.org/W2170780249","https://openalex.org/W2271736049","https://openalex.org/W2624262714"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002425921","https://openalex.org/W7100630119","https://openalex.org/W7073996900","https://openalex.org/W2181867539","https://openalex.org/W3135143936","https://openalex.org/W2003574774","https://openalex.org/W7098139333","https://openalex.org/W4315641871","https://openalex.org/W4233453367","https://openalex.org/W7097130564"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gifts":[0],"in":[1,103,142],"human":[2],"and":[3,61,152,182,215],"some":[4],"animal":[5],"courtship":[6,30,233],"tend":[7],"to":[8,13,21,55,66,90,93,108,114,124,157,173,179,187,211],"be":[9,137],"\u201cexpensive\u201d,":[10],"i.e.":[11],"costly":[12,123],"the":[14,22,36,47,51,59,73,77,85,97,109,125,129,164,174,180,191,194,229,236],"giver":[15],"but":[16],"of":[17,69,79,106,131,150,166,176,184,226,232,238],"low":[18,200],"intrinsic":[19],"value":[20,107,202],"receiver.":[23],"We":[24,99],"propose":[25],"an":[26,32,132,171],"evolutionary":[27,101],"explanation,":[28],"modelling":[29],"as":[31,170,213],"asymmetric":[33],"game":[34,39],"between":[35],"sexes.":[37],"The":[38],"involves":[40],"a":[41,70,148,197],"single":[42],"gift":[43,71,80,135,198],"being":[44],"offered":[45,113,121,156],"by":[46,50],"male,":[48,181],"followed":[49],"female":[52,110,175],"choosing":[53],"whether":[54,63,89],"accept":[56,216],"or":[57,64,92,147],"reject":[58],"gift,":[60],"then":[62,87],"not":[65],"mate.":[67],"Acceptance":[68],"eliminates":[72],"female\u2019s":[74],"uncertainty":[75],"about":[76],"type":[78],"offered.":[81],"If":[82],"mating":[83],"occurs":[84],"male":[86,126],"chooses":[88],"desert":[91],"help":[94,188],"care":[95,189],"for":[96,190,209],"young.":[98,192],"find":[100],"equilibria":[102,140],"which":[104,119,143],"gifts":[105,118,154,167,217,234],"are":[111,120,122,155],"never":[112],"attractive":[115,158,240],"females,":[116],"though":[117],"(\u201cexpensive\u201d).":[127],"Indeed,":[128],"offer":[130],"(apparently)":[133],"valuable":[134,145,151],"will":[136],"rejected.":[138],"Other":[139],"exist":[141],"only":[144],"gifts,":[146],"mixture":[149],"expensive":[153],"females.":[159],"Our":[160],"results":[161],"show":[162],"that":[163,204],"cost":[165],"may":[168],"function":[169],"indicator":[172],"her":[177],"attractiveness":[178],"hence":[183],"his":[185],"intention":[186,225],"At":[193],"same":[195],"time,":[196],"with":[199,220],"instrinsic":[201],"means":[203],"there":[205],"is":[206],"no":[207,224],"incentive":[208],"females":[210],"act":[212],"\u201cgold-diggers\u201d":[214],"from":[218],"males":[219],"whom":[221],"they":[222],"have":[223],"mating.":[227],"Hence":[228],"economic":[230],"inefficiency":[231],"facilitates":[235],"matching":[237],"mutually":[239],"partners.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T06:18:51.028212","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
