{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2534769760","doi":null,"title":"Execution Traces as a Powerful Data Representation for Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Programming","display_name":"Execution Traces as a Powerful Data Representation for Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Programming","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2534769760","mag":"2534769760"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pub.librecat.org:2904509","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2904509","pdf_url":"https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2904509","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401671","display_name":"PUB \u2013 Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","host_organization_name":"Bielefeld University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Paa\u00dfen B, Jensen J, Hammer B. Execution Traces as a Powerful Data Representation for Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Programming. In: Barnes T, Chi M, Feng M, eds. <em>Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Educational Data Mining</em>. Raleigh, North Carolina, USA: International Educational Datamining Society; 2016: 183-190.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2904509","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057832550","display_name":"Benjamin Paa\u00dfen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3899-2450","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3899-2450"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Paa\u00dfen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3899-2450","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052292587","display_name":"Joris Jensen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joris Jensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091180862","display_name":"Barbara Hammer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0935-5591","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0935-5591"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbara Hammer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0935-5591","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.947,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76221149,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"183","last_page":"190"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.5976999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.5976999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.396699994802475,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/execution-traces","display_name":"execution traces","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-tutoring-systems","display_name":"intelligent tutoring systems","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-education","display_name":"programming education","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-feedback","display_name":"automated feedback","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-style","display_name":"programming style","score":0.7429999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8378760814666748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.588463544845581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.5866828560829163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50033165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15712089","display_name":"Inductive programming","level":3,"score":0.5506861805915833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.5400339961051941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.504030168056488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777179996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911222","display_name":"Mistake","level":2,"score":0.48749375343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.472999632358551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34165917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188267","display_name":"Programming paradigm","level":2,"score":0.4428647458553314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.43252938985824585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.43216636776924133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776245389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q962139","display_name":"Programming style","level":2,"score":0.4252779483795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3548685312271118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pub.librecat.org:2904509","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2904509","pdf_url":"https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2904509","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401671","display_name":"PUB \u2013 Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","host_organization_name":"Bielefeld University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Paa\u00dfen B, Jensen J, Hammer B. Execution Traces as a Powerful Data Representation for Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Programming. In: Barnes T, Chi M, Feng M, eds. <em>Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Educational Data Mining</em>. Raleigh, North Carolina, USA: International Educational Datamining Society; 2016: 183-190.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pub.uni-bielefeld.de:2904509","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2904509","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401624","display_name":"Publikationen an der Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld (Universit\u00e4t Bielefeld)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","host_organization_name":"Bielefeld University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Paa\u00dfen B, Jensen J, Hammer B. Execution Traces as a Powerful Data Representation for Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Programming. In: Barnes T, Chi M, Feng M, eds. <em>Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Educational Data Mining</em>. Raleigh, North Carolina, USA: International Educational Datamining Society; 2016: 183-190.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"mag:2534769760","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED592662.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306418235","display_name":"Educational Data Mining","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Educational Data Mining","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pub.librecat.org:2904509","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2904509","pdf_url":"https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2904509","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401671","display_name":"PUB \u2013 Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","host_organization_name":"Bielefeld University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Paa\u00dfen B, Jensen J, Hammer B. Execution Traces as a Powerful Data Representation for Intelligent Tutoring Systems for Programming. In: Barnes T, Chi M, Feng M, eds. <em>Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Educational Data Mining</em>. Raleigh, North Carolina, USA: International Educational Datamining Society; 2016: 183-190.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6164000034332275,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1927681210","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(EXC 277)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2330005221","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HA 2719/6-2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2534769760.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2534769760.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101664218","https://openalex.org/W172965690","https://openalex.org/W173675007","https://openalex.org/W207841007","https://openalex.org/W819791129","https://openalex.org/W1518613644","https://openalex.org/W1587545876","https://openalex.org/W2051740650","https://openalex.org/W2069117635","https://openalex.org/W2078993594","https://openalex.org/W2129740354","https://openalex.org/W2168546954","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2234183288","https://openalex.org/W2246775628","https://openalex.org/W2396617181","https://openalex.org/W2406623630","https://openalex.org/W2505424521"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051740650","https://openalex.org/W7101076005","https://openalex.org/W306489229","https://openalex.org/W2745425599","https://openalex.org/W6884953122","https://openalex.org/W2056458682","https://openalex.org/W2185836578","https://openalex.org/W2071375187","https://openalex.org/W7096003674","https://openalex.org/W2566170000"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"first":[1],"intelligent":[2,147],"tutoring":[3,148],"systems":[4,31,50],"for":[5,68,116,132,146,165],"computer":[6,127],"programming":[7,21,101],"have":[8],"been":[9],"proposed":[10],"more":[11],"than":[12],"30":[13],"years":[14],"ago,":[15],"mostly":[16],"focusing":[17],"on":[18,53,58,84],"well":[19,104],"defined":[20],"tasks":[22],"e.g.":[23],"in":[24,108,142,162],"the":[25,59,66,71,85,137,151,160],"context":[26],"of":[27,39,61,74,88,100,126,139],"logic":[28],"programming.":[29],"Recent":[30],"also":[32],"teach":[33],"complex":[34],"programs,":[35],"where":[36],"explicit":[37],"modelling":[38],"every":[40],"possible":[41],"program":[42,63],"and":[43,135,158],"mistake":[44],"is":[45],"no":[46],"longer":[47],"possible.":[48],"Such":[49],"are":[51],"based":[52],"data-driven":[54],"approaches,":[55],"which":[56,97],"focus":[57,83],"syntax":[60],"a":[62,81,89,93,109,124],"or":[64],"consider":[65],"output":[67],"example":[69,133],"cases.\\nHowever,":[70],"system's":[72],"understanding":[73],"student":[75],"programs":[76,128,164],"could":[77],"be":[78],"enriched":[79],"by":[80],"deeper":[82],"actual":[86],"execution":[87,130],"program.":[90],"This":[91],"requires":[92],"suitable":[94,110],"data":[95],"representation":[96,125,141],"encodes":[98],"information":[99],"style":[102],"as":[103,105],"its":[106],"functionality":[107],"way,":[111],"thus":[112],"offering":[113],"entry":[114],"points":[115],"automated":[117],"feedback":[118,166],"generation.\\n\\nIn":[119],"this":[120,140],"contribution":[121],"we":[122],"propose":[123],"via":[129],"traces":[131],"input":[134],"demonstrate":[136],"power":[138],"three":[143],"key":[144],"challenges":[145],"systems:":[149],"identifying":[150,155],"underlying":[152],"solution":[153],"strategy,":[154],"erroneous":[156,163],"solutions":[157],"locating":[159],"errors":[161],"display.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-10-28T00:00:00"}