{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2532916552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2016.1238673","title":"Temperament Dimensions in Preschool Children: Links With Cognitive and Affective Theory of Mind","display_name":"Temperament Dimensions in Preschool Children: Links With Cognitive and Affective Theory of Mind","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2532916552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2016.1238673","mag":"2532916552"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10409289.2016.1238673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2016.1238673","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2016.1238673","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111552811","display_name":"Early Education and Development","issn_l":"1040-9289","issn":["1040-9289","1556-6935"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Early Education and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014791124","display_name":"Emiddia Longobardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0997-0623","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0997-0623"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emiddia Longobardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066379847","display_name":"Pietro Spataro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3204-4449","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3204-4449"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pietro Spataro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053578488","display_name":"Marta D\u2019Alessandro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marta D\u2019Alessandro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038381521","display_name":"Rita Cerutti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3276-8394","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3276-8394"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rita Cerutti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014791124"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4979,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72341246,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"4","first_page":"377","last_page":"395"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10182","display_name":"Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10589","display_name":"Early Childhood Education and Development","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperament","display_name":"temperament","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-mind","display_name":"theory of mind","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-theory-of-mind","display_name":"cognitive theory of mind","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affective-theory-of-mind","display_name":"affective theory of mind","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-orientation","display_name":"social orientation","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-belief-understanding","display_name":"false belief understanding","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-understanding","display_name":"emotional understanding","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-competence","display_name":"language competence","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preschool-children","display_name":"preschool children","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-affectivity","display_name":"positive affectivity","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-affectivity","display_name":"negative affectivity","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-activity","display_name":"motor activity","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention","display_name":"attention","score":0.8519999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8628106117248535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61644593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80157","display_name":"Temperament","level":3,"score":0.8334977626800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779560602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639219","display_name":"Theory of mind","level":3,"score":0.7725600004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.7030332088470459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.6689408421516418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168862018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5373805","display_name":"Emotionality","level":2,"score":0.6109810471534729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5780158042907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994481395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639219","display_name":"False belief","level":4,"score":0.5133744478225708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.5004606246948242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.42860472202301025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.36139142513275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2015657126903534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.15503209829330444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10409289.2016.1238673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2016.1238673","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2016.1238673","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111552811","display_name":"Early Education and Development","issn_l":"1040-9289","issn":["1040-9289","1556-6935"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Early Education and Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/905729","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11573/905729","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196107","display_name":"IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.504800021648407}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":91,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W601984441","https://openalex.org/W862028826","https://openalex.org/W1510128874","https://openalex.org/W1580039439","https://openalex.org/W1584568441","https://openalex.org/W1621889204","https://openalex.org/W1663975208","https://openalex.org/W1788466595","https://openalex.org/W1834804063","https://openalex.org/W1948484347","https://openalex.org/W1962583873","https://openalex.org/W1965041169","https://openalex.org/W1965843470","https://openalex.org/W1969212740","https://openalex.org/W1976182044","https://openalex.org/W1979928779","https://openalex.org/W1983223537","https://openalex.org/W1984962433","https://openalex.org/W1986789110","https://openalex.org/W1987810061","https://openalex.org/W1990733356","https://openalex.org/W1992380115","https://openalex.org/W1993342091","https://openalex.org/W1994035415","https://openalex.org/W1998864943","https://openalex.org/W2001644961","https://openalex.org/W2002788405","https://openalex.org/W2003999286","https://openalex.org/W2007937264","https://openalex.org/W2009059972","https://openalex.org/W2016981570","https://openalex.org/W2020385181","https://openalex.org/W2022382343","https://openalex.org/W2022603913","https://openalex.org/W2031614786","https://openalex.org/W2036964749","https://openalex.org/W2037124948","https://openalex.org/W2040458471","https://openalex.org/W2042802906","https://openalex.org/W2053153882","https://openalex.org/W2057297301","https://openalex.org/W2059590588","https://openalex.org/W2062764190","https://openalex.org/W2065507886","https://openalex.org/W2069226992","https://openalex.org/W2070178278","https://openalex.org/W2081388569","https://openalex.org/W2083335959","https://openalex.org/W2084147126","https://openalex.org/W2086640339","https://openalex.org/W2091492185","https://openalex.org/W2093410327","https://openalex.org/W2096981823","https://openalex.org/W2103013808","https://openalex.org/W2105628924","https://openalex.org/W2112806662","https://openalex.org/W2119224589","https://openalex.org/W2123362488","https://openalex.org/W2124649843","https://openalex.org/W2126090398","https://openalex.org/W2127757043","https://openalex.org/W2135675262","https://openalex.org/W2136915269","https://openalex.org/W2137405514","https://openalex.org/W2139188400","https://openalex.org/W2140073886","https://openalex.org/W2142560368","https://openalex.org/W2146420292","https://openalex.org/W2155907853","https://openalex.org/W2156668601","https://openalex.org/W2157206170","https://openalex.org/W2160892839","https://openalex.org/W2162412815","https://openalex.org/W2162441958","https://openalex.org/W2195755502","https://openalex.org/W2327189896","https://openalex.org/W2413593023","https://openalex.org/W2977517848","https://openalex.org/W3011826882","https://openalex.org/W4233077375","https://openalex.org/W4236145769","https://openalex.org/W4237239665","https://openalex.org/W4241347204","https://openalex.org/W4242175178","https://openalex.org/W4253565578","https://openalex.org/W4300870773","https://openalex.org/W4387631333","https://openalex.org/W4388000339","https://openalex.org/W4388741430","https://openalex.org/W4388795337","https://openalex.org/W4388815812"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2413593023","https://openalex.org/W2091492185","https://openalex.org/W2774824685","https://openalex.org/W2115120930","https://openalex.org/W7048534771","https://openalex.org/W1962583873","https://openalex.org/W7052935309","https://openalex.org/W2160892839","https://openalex.org/W3203311457","https://openalex.org/W1998864943"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"Findings:":[1],"The":[2,91],"present":[3],"cross-sectional":[4],"study":[5],"investigated":[6],"the":[7,124,141,144,165],"question":[8],"of":[9,33,68,107,117,123,127,143,147],"whether":[10],"6":[11],"different":[12],"temperament":[13],"dimensions":[14],"(inhibition":[15],"to":[16,102,180],"novelty,":[17],"social":[18,118,181],"orientation,":[19],"motor":[20],"activity,":[21],"positive":[22],"emotionality,":[23,25],"negative":[24],"and":[26,30,41,58,73,88,132],"attention)":[27],"influenced":[28],"cognitive":[29,51,108],"affective":[31,59,161],"theory":[32],"mind":[34],"(ToM)":[35],"in":[36,110,129],"168":[37],"children":[38],"(86":[39],"three/four-year-olds":[40],"82":[42],"four/five-year-olds).":[43],"Temperament":[44],"was":[45,79],"measured":[46],"via":[47,53,61],"a":[48,54,62,82],"parent-report":[49],"questionnaire,":[50],"ToM":[52,60,109,162],"classical":[55],"false-belief":[56,185],"task,":[57],"comprehensive":[63],"test":[64,84],"tapping":[65],"3":[66],"levels":[67,106,116],"emotion":[69,128],"comprehension":[70,122],"(external,":[71],"mental,":[72],"reflexive).":[74],"In":[75,113],"addition,":[76,114],"language":[77,99],"competence":[78],"assessed":[80],"with":[81,172],"direct":[83],"evaluating":[85],"both":[86,130],"receptive":[87],"expressive":[89],"language.":[90],"results":[92,139],"showed":[93],"that":[94,176],"after":[95],"we":[96],"controlled":[97],"for":[98],"ability,":[100],"inhibition":[101],"novelty":[103],"predicted":[104,120],"higher":[105,115],"4/5-year-old":[111],"children.":[112,134],"orientation":[119],"better":[121],"external":[125],"aspects":[126],"younger":[131],"older":[133],"Practice":[135],"or":[136],"Policy:":[137],"Our":[138],"highlight":[140],"importance":[142],"early":[145],"identification":[146],"less":[148],"sociable":[149],"children,":[150],"who":[151],"might":[152],"benefit":[153],"from":[154],"training":[155],"interventions":[156],"aimed":[157],"at":[158],"increasing":[159],"their":[160],"abilities.":[163],"At":[164],"same":[166],"time,":[167],"they":[168],"are":[169],"also":[170],"consistent":[171],"previous":[173],"evidence":[174],"indicating":[175],"an":[177],"inhibited":[178],"approach":[179],"interaction":[182],"can":[183],"promote":[184],"understanding.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-10-28T00:00:00"}