{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2532886616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3920/qas2015.0750","title":"Efficacy of herbicides in controlling Parthenium hysterophorus L. in spring maize (Zea mays L.)","display_name":"Efficacy of herbicides in controlling Parthenium hysterophorus L. in spring maize (Zea mays L.)","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2532886616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3920/qas2015.0750","mag":"2532886616"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3920/qas2015.0750","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3920/qas2015.0750","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3920/qas2015.0750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80669454","display_name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","issn_l":"1757-8361","issn":["1757-8361","1757-837X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318016","host_organization_name":"Codon Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318016"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Codon Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3920/qas2015.0750","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"A. Rehman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160968435","display_name":"University of Sargodha","ror":"https://ror.org/0086rpr26","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Punjab, Pakistan","1Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101726444","display_name":"F. U. Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6831-5741","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6831-5741"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200749728","display_name":"Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University","ror":"https://ror.org/035zn2q74","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200749728"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F.U. Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan","2Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200749728"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200749728"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017778665","display_name":"Rafi Qamar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0716-4342","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0716-4342"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160968435","display_name":"University of Sargodha","ror":"https://ror.org/0086rpr26","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Qamar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Punjab, Pakistan","1Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"1Department of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160968435"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102010315","display_name":"Manzer Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2637-8648","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2637-8648"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, off Multan Road, Vehari, Vehari Campus 61100, Punjab, Pakistan","3Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, off Multan Road, Vehari, Vehari Campus 61100, Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, off Multan Road, Vehari, Vehari Campus 61100, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, off Multan Road, Vehari, Vehari Campus 61100, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112222728","display_name":"Muhammad Shahid Ibni Zamir","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61623833","display_name":"University of Agriculture Faisalabad","ror":"https://ror.org/054d77k59","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.S. Zamir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Punjab, Pakistan","4Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"4Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61623833"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035769432","display_name":"S. Iqbal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2822-9194","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2822-9194"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I246743127","display_name":"The University of Agriculture, Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/02sp3q482","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I246743127"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25120, KPK, Pakistan","5Department of Agronomy, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25120, KPK, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25120, KPK, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I246743127"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"5Department of Agronomy, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25120, KPK, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I246743127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002709146","display_name":"Muhammad Asif Shehzad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6438-7919","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6438-7919"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154749","display_name":"University of Poonch Rawalakot","ror":"https://ror.org/045arbm30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154749"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Shehzad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agronomy, The University of Poonch, Rawalkot-12350, AJK Rawalakot, Pakistan","6Department of Agronomy, The University of Poonch, Rawalkot-12350, AJK Rawalakot, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agronomy, The University of Poonch, Rawalkot-12350, AJK Rawalakot, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"6Department of Agronomy, The University of Poonch, Rawalkot-12350, AJK Rawalakot, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066746591","display_name":"Nosheen Masood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8039-3654","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8039-3654","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8909-6587"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Masood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, off Multan Road, Vehari, Vehari Campus 61100, Punjab, Pakistan","3Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, off Multan Road, Vehari, Vehari Campus 61100, Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, off Multan Road, Vehari, Vehari Campus 61100, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, off Multan Road, Vehari, Vehari Campus 61100, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056215504","display_name":"Hafiz Muhammad Rashad Javeed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5071-0834","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5071-0834"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H.M.R. Javeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, off Multan Road, Vehari, Vehari Campus 61100, Punjab, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, off Multan Road, Vehari, Vehari Campus 61100, Punjab, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"213","last_page":"220"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10774","display_name":"Weed Control and Herbicide Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12701","display_name":"Biological Control of Invasive Species","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12058","display_name":"Allelopathy and phytotoxic interactions","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parthenium-hysterophorus","display_name":"Parthenium hysterophorus","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weed-control","display_name":"weed control","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbicide-efficacy","display_name":"herbicide efficacy","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spring-maize","display_name":"spring maize","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pendimethalin","display_name":"pendimethalin","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bromoxynil","display_name":"bromoxynil","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atrazine","display_name":"atrazine","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/herbicide-dose","display_name":"herbicide dose","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weed-density","display_name":"weed density","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize-grain-yield","display_name":"maize grain yield","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weed-competition","display_name":"weed competition","score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/punjab-pakistan","display_name":"Punjab, Pakistan","score":0.6370000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weed-management-strategies","display_name":"weed management strategies","score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-weed-management","display_name":"integrated weed management","score":0.45100000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776565012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3595850","display_name":"Parthenium hysterophorus","level":3,"score":0.982811689376831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778787149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409598","display_name":"Metolachlor","level":4,"score":0.8715779781341553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779595939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408652","display_name":"Atrazine","level":3,"score":0.8704231977462769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150668497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104870826","display_name":"Dry weight","level":2,"score":0.6924553513526917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778302866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423895","display_name":"Pendimethalin","level":3,"score":0.6756868362426758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775864690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3236767","display_name":"Parthenium","level":3,"score":0.6665970087051392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.6341586112976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776917638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408345","display_name":"Bromoxynil","level":3,"score":0.6128150820732117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780864232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424684","display_name":"Dicamba","level":3,"score":0.5070691108703613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775891814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101879","display_name":"Weed","level":2,"score":0.46404168009757996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147273371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2739141","display_name":"Weed control","level":2,"score":0.44834867119789124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780359760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421204","display_name":"Alachlor","level":4,"score":0.4364212453365326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.34236496686935425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3418882191181183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161176658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131656","display_name":"Pesticide","level":2,"score":0.29347407817840576}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3920/qas2015.0750","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3920/qas2015.0750","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3920/qas2015.0750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80669454","display_name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","issn_l":"1757-8361","issn":["1757-8361","1757-837X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318016","host_organization_name":"Codon Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318016"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Codon Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3920/qas2015.0750","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3920/qas2015.0750","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3920/qas2015.0750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S80669454","display_name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","issn_l":"1757-8361","issn":["1757-8361","1757-837X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310318016","host_organization_name":"Codon Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310318016"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Codon Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":1.0,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W172624418","https://openalex.org/W306852463","https://openalex.org/W1536603658","https://openalex.org/W1980016032","https://openalex.org/W1993518265","https://openalex.org/W2035759078","https://openalex.org/W2078374564","https://openalex.org/W2105212559","https://openalex.org/W2115602709","https://openalex.org/W2131501186","https://openalex.org/W2132482800","https://openalex.org/W2147438678","https://openalex.org/W2148424006","https://openalex.org/W2168287061","https://openalex.org/W2169914701","https://openalex.org/W2181275155","https://openalex.org/W2184093267","https://openalex.org/W2292577033","https://openalex.org/W2527952725","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3044476157","https://openalex.org/W3192186676","https://openalex.org/W4391434311","https://openalex.org/W2078374564","https://openalex.org/W4388729543","https://openalex.org/W2352420951","https://openalex.org/W81762482","https://openalex.org/W1981861598","https://openalex.org/W2162571066","https://openalex.org/W4404498614"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Parthenium":[0,82,121,255],"hysterophorus":[1,83],"L.":[2,84],"is":[3],"a":[4,25,91,258,263,271],"noxious":[5],"annual":[6],"weed":[7,138],"rapidly":[8],"spreading":[9],"in":[10,33,90,171],"cropped":[11],"areas":[12],"of":[13,20,39,47,136,158,189,222,240,274,279,309],"the":[14,45,105,177,185,246,267,277,285,289,294,302],"irrigated":[15],"Punjab":[16,34],"and":[17,31,62,70,77,108,116,127,129,133,151,173,181,195,201,207,210,214,238,249,299],"other":[18],"parts":[19],"Pakistan.":[21],"It":[22],"has":[23],"become":[24],"major":[26],"threat":[27],"to":[28,43,88],"grazing":[29],"lands":[30],"crops":[32],"province.":[35],"The":[36],"main":[37],"objective":[38],"this":[40,98],"study":[41],"was":[42,102,139,160,231],"explore":[44],"efficacy":[46],"different":[48],"herbicides":[49],"with":[50,141,162],"various":[51],"concentrations":[52],"viz.":[53],"pendimethalin,":[54],"S-metolachlor":[55,142,163,225,241,280],"+":[56,59,143,164,226,242,281],"atrazine,":[57,179],"bromoxynil":[58,180],"2-methyl-4-chloorphenoxyacetic":[60],"acid,":[61],"atrazine":[63,144,165,227,243,282],"at":[64,113,145,166,228,257,270,284,292],"their":[65,114],"recommended":[66,115,286],"(407,":[67],"711,":[68],"445":[69],"469":[71],"g":[72,168],"a.i./ha,":[73],"respectively),":[74],"50%":[75,78],"lower":[76,245,259],"higher":[79,117,272],"doses":[80,118],"against":[81],"Weeds":[85],"were":[86,217],"allowed":[87],"grow":[89],"field":[92],"for":[93],"three":[94],"years":[95,106,221,308],"(2010-2013)":[96],"where":[97],"spring":[99],"maize":[100,247,268],"experiment":[101],"conducted":[103],"during":[104,149,219,306],"2013":[107,150,172],"2014.":[109],"All":[110],"herbicide":[111,155],"treatments":[112],"significantly":[119,184,244],"reduced":[120],"dry":[122,130,187],"weight.":[123],"Minimum":[124],"density":[125,256],"(2.3":[126],"2.0/m)":[128],"biomass":[131],"(39.74":[132],"43.47":[134],"g/m)":[135],"parthenium":[137],"observed":[140,161],"711.36":[146,167,229],"g/ha":[147,230],"treatment":[148],"2014,":[152,174],"respectively.":[153,175],"A":[154],"efficiency":[156],"index":[157],"88%":[159],"a.i./":[169],"ha":[170],"Among":[176],"herbicides,":[178],"metolachlor":[182],"gave":[183],"lowest":[186],"weight":[188,193],"Parthenium.":[190],"Maximum":[191],"1000-grain":[192],"(259":[194],"260.67":[196],"g),":[197],"grain":[198],"yield":[199,205,212,250],"(4.86":[200],"4.87":[202],"t/ha),":[203],"stalk":[204],"(5.60":[206],"5.42":[208],"t/ha)":[209,216],"biological":[211],"(14.80":[213],"13.80":[215],"recorded":[218],"both":[220,307],"experiments":[223],"when":[224],"applied.":[232],"These":[233],"results":[234],"suggested":[235],"that":[236],"over-":[237],"underdose":[239],"growth":[248,297],"attributes":[251],"by":[252],"allowing":[253],"more":[254],"dose,":[260],"while":[261],"causing":[262],"toxic":[264],"effect":[265],"on":[266],"plants":[269],"dose":[273],"herbicides.":[275],"So,":[276],"application":[278],"(post-emergence)":[283],"rate":[287],"minimised":[288],"weed-crop":[290],"competition":[291],"all":[293],"critical":[295],"crop":[296,304],"stages,":[298],"ultimately":[300],"yielded":[301],"better":[303],"harvest":[305],"study.":[310]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-10-28T00:00:00"}